Table 1 TAXONOMY

FAMILY HEPIALIDAE

1.- Phassus trajesaSchaus.

Places:

Argovia, Independencia, Ixtapa, Chiapas.

Edible stage:

larvae.

Common names:

gusanillo (Esp), gusano tindáco (Zap), gusano yutu lolo (Mix).

Ethnos:

Maya, tzotzil, tzeltal, chol, lacandon, tojolabal.

Host:

Buddleia americana L., Senecio salignus D.C.

Ecosystems.

Pine-oak forest, Tropical decidous forest, Arid tropical scrub, Cloud forest, Rain forest.

2.- Phassus triangularisEdwards. 1885

Places:

Santa Ana Tlacotenco, San Pablo Oztotepec, San Salvador Cuahtenco, San Pedro Atocpan, San Bartolo Xicomulco, San Antonio Tecomitl, Milpa Alta, DF. San Rafael, Pueblo Nuevo, Amanalco de Becerra, Tenancingo, Tequixquiac, Valle de Bravo, (Mex). Yosotato, Coatzospan, Jamiltepec, Oaxaca. Necoxtla, Zongolica, Veracruz.

Edible stage:

larvae.

Common names:

Gusanillo (Esp), gusano rayado (Esp), gusano grande (Esp), nduyacacitl (Mix), gusano gordo de la jarilla (Esp), chiáhuitl (Ntl).

Ethnos:

Yutoazteca, Nàhuatl, Otomí, Otopame, Mazahua, Matlazinca, Zapoteco, Mixteco, Mixe, Popoluca, Chatinos, Chinantecos, Mazatecos, Zoques, Triques, Huave, Totonaca, Huasteco.

Host:

Buddleia parviflora H.B.K., Senecio salignus D.C.

Ecosystems:

Arid tropical scrub, Rain forest.

3.- Phassus sp.

Places:

San Bartolo Xicomulco, San Pedro Atocpan, Milpa Alta, DF. Jilotepec, Cuautitlán de Romero Rubio, Villa del Carbón, San Rafael, Pueblo Nuevo Mex. Santo Tomás, Tecomulco, Carpinteros, Atlapexco, Durango, Huasca, Hueyapán, Hidalgo. Cañada, Coatzospan, Jamiltepec, San Juan Coatzalapan, Yosotato Oaxaca. Santiago Yancuitlalpan, Cuetzalan, Alchichica, Puebla. Felipe Carrillo Puerto, Quintana Roo. San Pablo del Monte, Xicoténcatl, Xaltocan, Tetla, Tlaxcala. Chocamán, Veracruz.

Edible stage:

larvae.

Common name:

gusanillo (Esp), gusano del aile (Esp), gusano del Tepozán (Xoc), calpulocuillin (Ntl).

Ethnos:

Yutoazteca, Nàhuatl, Otomí, Otopame, Mazahua, Matlazinca, Mixe, Popoluca, Chatinos, Chinantecos, Mazatecos, Zoques, Triques, Huave.

Host:

Senecio salignus D.C.

Ecosystems.

Arid tropical scrub, Rain forest.

FAMILY COSSIDAE

4.- Subfamily: Chilecomadiinae

Comadia redtenbacheriHammerschmidt 1848 (Figure 3)

Places:

San Pedro Atocpan, San Salvador Cuahtenco, San Jerónimo Miacatlán, Santa Ana Tlacotenco, San Bartolo Xicomulco, San Lorenzo Tlacoyucan, San Agustín Ohtenco, San Pablo Oztotepec, San Antonio Tecomitl, San Francisco Tecoxpa, San Juan Tepenahuac, Milpa Alta, DF. San Bartolo Morelos, Santiago Tianguistenco, Almoloya de Juárez, Villa Nicolás Romero, Oxtotipac, Lomas de Guadalupe, Cuautitlán Izcalli, Cuautitlán de Romero Rubio, San Juan Zitlaltepetl, Villa del Carbón, Santiago Tilapa, Almoloya del Río, Atlacomulco, Ixtlahuaca, Jalatlaco, Zumpango, Ozumba, San Pablo Jalalpan, Toluca, Mex. Valle de Santiago, Guanajuato. Venta de Guadalupe, Pachuquilla, Pinalito, Pozuelos, San Miguel Regla, Tlaxcoapan, Tulancalco, Trancas, Molango, Tepetitlán. Tulancingo, Zimapán, Cieneguillas, Durango, El Cajón, Ismolintla, El Dexthi, San Juanico, Ixmiquilpan, Pachuca, Tula de Allende, Jacala, San Sebastián Jonacapa, Tinaco, Tezontepec, Santa Ana Bertha, Chapantongo, Atotonilco de Tula, Maravillas, Hueyapán, Singuilucan, Santo Tomás, Cuautepec, Texcaltepec, Chilcuautla, Xochitlán, Venustiano Carranza, Actopan, Valle del Mezquital, Ajacuba, Apan, Atotonilco el Grande, Huichapán, Mixquihuala, San Nicolás Atexcoco, San Antonio Sabanillas, Singuilucan, Hidalgo. San Pedro Tarímbaro, Michoacán. Vigastepec, Santiago Apoala Santa María Nduayaco, Tlacolula, Ocotlán, Oaxaca. Tehuacán, Chapulco, Acatlán de Osorio, Puebla. San Juan del Río, Querétaro. Calpulalpan, Cuapixtla, Huamantla, Ixtacuixtla, San Pablo del Monte, Tetla, Totolac, Xicoténcatl, Apizaco, San Pablo Matamoros, Tlaxcala. Jalpa, Zacatecas, Perote, Naolinco, Veracruz.

Edible stage:

larvae.

Common name:

gusano rojo de maguey (Esp), chilocuiles (Ntl), gusanitos de la sal (Esp), chicuil (Maz), tecol (Oto), chilocuilen (Ntl).

Ethnos:

Yutoazteca, Náhuatl, Otomí, Otopame, Mazahua, Matlazinca, Tarasco, Totonaco, Maya, Huasteco.

Host:

Agave atrovirens Karw, A. salmiana, Otto ex Salm, A. mapisaga Trel.

Ecosystems:

Desert.

FAMILY PYRALIDAE

5.- Subfamily Pyraustinae

Laniifera cycladesDruce 1895

Places:

San AntonioTecomitl, San Francisco Tecoxpa, San Agustín Ohtenco, Milpa Alta, Tlaltenco, DF. San Pablo Jalalpan, Oxtotipac, Cerro de las Promesas, Acuitlapilco, Canalejas, Los Reyes, San Juan Teotihuacan, Mex. Ajacuba, Cardonal, Chapantongo, Cuautepec, Texcaltepec, Valle del Mezquital, Hueyapan, Tulancalco, Santo Tomás, Tezontepec, Maravillas, Actopan, Alfajayucan, El Dexthi, San Juanico, Ixmiquilpan, Hidalgo. Tetla, Tlaxcala.

Edible stage:

larvae.

Common names:

gusano del nopal (Esp), citlacuilli (Oto), citlalin (Ntl).

Ethnos:

Yutoazteca, Náhuatl, Otomí, Otopame, Mazahua, Matlazinca.

Host:

Opuntia spp.

Ecosystems:

Desert.

FAMILY SESIIDAE

6.- Subfamily Sesiinae

Synanthedon cardinalisDampf.

Places:

MesetaTarasca, Michoacán

Edible stage:

larvae.

Common names:

gusanos cremosos, gusano blanco, mantecoso (Esp), cuillin (Ntl).

Ethnos:

Tarasco, Náhuatl, Otomí.

Host:

Pinus spp.

Ecosystems:

Pine-oak forest

FAMILY CASTNIIDAE

7.- Subamily Castniinae

Castnia synpalamides chelone(Hopffer 1856) (Figure 4)

Places:

San Sebastián Jonacapá, Texcaltepec, Mixquihuala, Valle del Mezquital, Venustiano Carranza, Xochitlán, Maravillas, Santa Ana Bertha, Tula de Allende, Zimapán, Pachuca, Singuilucán, Tezontepec, Atotonilco, Tula, Cuautepec, Chapantongo, Chilcuautla, Santo Tomás, Golondrinas, El Dexthi, San Juanico, Ixmiquilpan, Trancas, Ismolintla, Cantayame, Hidalgo.

'Edible stage:

larvae.

Common names.

Gusano del junquillo (Esp), gusanito (Esp), tzic (Oto), papalotillo (Esp).

Ethnos:

Náhuatl, Otomí.

Host:

Agave striata. Zucc.

Ecosystems.

Desert.

FAMILY GEOMETRIDAE

8.- Subfamily: Ennominae

Acronyctodes mexicanaria(Walker 1860)

Places:

Topilejo, Santa Ana Tlacotenco, San Lorenzo Tlacoyucan, San Juan Tepenahuac, San Pedro Actopan, Milpa Alta, DF.

Edible stage:

larvae and pupae.

Common names:

Temictli (Oto), Tetatamachiuhqui (Ntl).

Ethnos:

Yutoazteca, Náhuatl, Otomí.

Host:

Budleia spp.

Ecosystems.

Savanna, arid tropical scrub, Oak-Forest.

9.- Subfamily: Ennominae

Panthera pardalariaHübner 1823

Places:

San Simón Tlatlahuilpa Tlaxcala, Torres del Potrero DF.

Edible stage:

larvae

Common names:

Huitzitsi (Oto).

Ethnos:

Náhuatl, Otomí, Yutoazteca.

Host:

Family Graminae

Ecosystems:

Cultures of graminae

FAMILY HESPERIIDAE (Figura 5)

10.- Subfamily Megathyminae

Aegiale hesperiaris(Walker 1856) (Figure 5)

Places:

San Pedro Atocpan, San Salvador Cuahtenco, San Jerónimo Miacatlán, Santa Ana Tlacotenco, San Bartolo Xicomulco, San Lorenzo Tlacoyucan, San Agustín Ohtenco, San Pablo Oztotepec, San Antonio Tecomitl, San Francisco Tecoxpa, San Juan Tepenahuac, Milpa Alta DF. San Juan Zitlaltépetl, Santa María Jajalpan, San Bartolo Morelos, Huixquilucán, Lomas de Guadalupe, Cuautitlán Izcalli, Cuautitlán de Romero Rubio, Aculco, Almoloya de Juárez, Santiago Tianguistenco, Almoloya del Río, Atlacomulco, Ixtlahuaca, Jalatlaco, Jilotepec, Zumpango, Los Reyes, Ozumba, San Pablo Jalalpan, Toluca, Villa del Carbón, Villa Nicolás Romero, Otumba, Arroyo Zarco, Santiago Tilapa, El Oro, Aguatepec, San Pedro de los Baños, San Mateo, Mex. Guanajuato, Guanajuato. Santo Tomás, Huichapán, Chilcuatla, San Nicolás Atexcoco, Maravillas, Zimapán, Cuautepec, Jacalá, Pinalito, Ixmiquilpan, Pozuelos, Cieneguillas, Ajacuba, Apan, Atotonilco el Grande, Atotonilco de Tula, Texcaltepec, Tlaxcoapan, Tulancalco, Valle del Mezquital, Xochitlán, Tulancingo, Durango, el Cajón, Pachuquilla, San Miguel Regla, Metztitlán Mixquihuala, Molango, Pachuca, Singuilucan, Tula de Allende, Trancas, Ismolintla, Venustiano Carranza, Venta de Guadalupe, San Sebastián Jonacapa, Tinaco, Santa Ana Bertha, Tezontepec, Chapantongo, Tepetitlán, El Sauce, Ixtaltepec, Alfajayucan, El Dexthi, San Juanico, Ixmiquilpan, Hidalgo. Tlalpujahua, San Pedro Tarimbaro Michoacán, Santa María Nduayaco, Santiago Apoala, Oaxaca, Ciudad Serdán, Acatlán de Osorio, Puebla. San Juan del Río, Querétaro, Calpulalpan, Cuapixtla, Huamantla, Ixtacuixtla, Nativitas, San Pablo del Monte, Tetla, Totolac, Xicoténcatl, Mariano Matamoros, Tlaxcala. Perote, Naolinco, Veracruz. Fresnillo, Zacatecas.

Edible stage:

larvae.

Common name:

gusano blanco del maguey (Esp), gusanito del maguey (Esp), meocuiles (Ntl), meocuilines (Ntl), ticoco andabi (Mix), zat (Zap), yabi (My), guinches (Maz), Nnchaama (Tar), Chucugame (Mat), huitzipapalotl (Ntl), papálotl (Ntl).

Ethnos:

Yutoazteca, Náhuatl, Otomí, Otopame, Mazahua, Matlazinca, Tarasco, Zapoteco, Mixteco, Totonaco, Huasteco, Maya.

Host:

Agave atrovirens Karw., A. salmiana, Otto ex Salm, A. mapisaga Trel, A. lehmanni. Jacobi, A. maximiliana, Baker. A. americana.

Ecosystems.

Desert, pine-oak forest.

11.- Subfamily Pyrginae

Achlyodes pallida (Felder, 1869)

Places.

San Pablo Huixtepec, Oaxaca, Tenejapa, Chiapas

Edible stage:

Larvae

Common names:

chiáhuitl (Mix), saltadora (Esp), papalotl (Ntl).

Ethnos:

Zapoteco, Mixteco, Mixe, Populaca, Chatino, Chinanteco, Mazateco, Zoque, Trique, Huave, Tojolabal, Maya, Tzotzil, Tzeltal, Chol, Lacandón.

Host:

Citrus aurantium L., C. sinensis

Ecosystems:

Cultures of lucerne and maize.

FAMILY PAPILIONIDAE.

12.- Subfamily Papilioninae

Protographium philolaus philolaus(Boisduval, 1836) (Figure 6)

Places:

Caezim, Yucatán.

Edible stage:

larvae.

Common name:

Tlilizic (My).

Ethnos:

Maya.

Host:

Annona cherimola, A. diversifolia, A. purpurea, A. reticulata; Desmopsis bibracteata and Sapranthus spp.

Ecosystems.

Tropical decidous forest.

13.- Subfamily Papilioninae

Pterourus multicaudata multicaudata(Kirby, 1884)

Places:

Santiago Tezontlale, Hidalgo.

Edible stage:

adult.

Common name:

mariposa de colores (Esp), xochiquetzal (Ntl).

Ethnos:

Náhuatl, Otomí.

Host:

Fraxinus sp., Prunus persica L., P. serotina capuli.

Ecosystems.

Decidous forest, Oak forest

FAMILY PIERIDAE

14.- Subamily Coliadinae

Phoebis agarithe agarithe(Boisduval) 1836 (Figure 7)

Places:

Caezim, Yucatán

Edible stage:

larvae.

Common names:

gusano pinto (Esp), pintillo (Esp), clac (My), xicalpapálotl (Ntl).

Ethnos:

Maya.

Host:

Cassia tomentosa L., Inga sp.

Ecosystems:

Tropical decidous forest

15.- Subfamily Coliadinae

Phoebis philea philea(Linnaeus 1763)

Places:

Celaya, Irapuato, Guanajuato

Edible stage:

larvae.

Common name:

Ocuil (Ntl).

Ethnos:

Otomi, Tarasco.

Host:

Casia tomentosa L.; Senna spp.

Ecosystems.

"Acahual"

16.- Subfamily Coliadinae

Phoebis sennae marcellina(Cramer 1779)

Places:

San Juan Tezompa, Villa Guerrero, Mex.

Edible stage:

larvae

Common names:

Tlaxic (Oto), Papalotli (Ntl), Tzauhqui (Maz).

Ethnos:

Otopame, Mazahua, Matlazinca.

Host:

Cassia sp.; Senna, Inga

Ecosystems:

"Acahual"

17.- Subfamily Coliadinae

Eurema salome jamapa(Reakirt 1866)

Places:

Tempoal de Sánchez, Veracruz.

Edible stage:

larvae

Common names:

Papalotl (Ntl)

Ethnos:

Totonaco, Huasteco.

Host:

Picramnia sp, Diphysa robinoides Benth

Ecosystems:

"Acahual"

18.- Subfamily Pierinae

Eucheira socialis socialis(Westwood 1834) (Figure 8).

Places:

San Cristóbal de las Casas, Chiapas. Caborachi y sudeste de Chihuahua. San Antonio Tecomitl, San Francisco Tecoxpa, San Mateo, San Lorenzo Tlacoandula, San Agustín Ohtenco, Santa Ana Tlacotengo, San Jerónimo Miacatlán, Milpa Alta, Tlaltenco, Topilejo, DF. La Michilía, Durango, Donato Guerra, Villa Victoria, Cerro de las Promesas, Oxtotipac, San Pablo Jalalpan, Valle de Bravo, Villa de Allende, Mex. Chacoalcingo, Guerrero. Santo Tomás, Valle del Mezquital, Atlapexco, Huasca, Durango, Tecocomulco, Actopán, Maravillas, Tezontepec, Hidalgo. Tlalpujahua, Cerro del Gallo, San Pedro Tarímbaro, Michoacán, Nochixtlán, Santa María Nduayaco, Santa María de la Asunción, Tlaxiaco, Oaxaca. Ciudad Serdán, Chignahupan, Tetela de Ocampo, Puebla. Tetla, Tlaxcala. Orizaba, Veracruz.

Edible stage:

larvae.

Common name:

mariposa del madroño (Esp), gusano del madroño (Esp), gusano verde de la mixteca (Esp), Nnchaama (Tar).

Ethnos:

Maya, Tzotzil, Tzeltal, Chol, Lacandon, Tojolabal Tarahumara, Yutoazteca, Náhuatl, Otomí, Tepehuano, Otopame, Mazahua, Matlazinca, Tlapaneco, Amuzgo, Tarasco, Zapoteco, Mixteco, Mixe, Popoluca, Chatino, Chinanteco, Mazateco, Zoque, Trique, Huave, Totonaco, Huasteco.

Host:

Arbutus xalapensis H.B.K.. A. arizonica, A. glandulosa and A. macrophylla

Ecosystems:

Pine-Oak forest, Arid tropical scrub.

19.- Subfamily Pierinae

Eucheria socialis westwoodi(Beutelspacher 1984).

Places:

La Michilía, Durango.

Edible stage:

larvae.

Common name:

mariposa del madroño (Esp), gusano del madroño (Esp), gusano verde de la mixteca (Esp), Nnchaama (Tar).

Ethnos:

Tepehuano, Tarahumara.

Host:

Arbutus sp.

Ecosystems.

Pine-Oak forest, Arid tropical scrub.

20.- Subfamily Pierinae

Catasticta teutila teutilaDoubleday 1847 (Figures 9 and 10).

Places:

San Francisco Tlalnepantla, Xochimilco, Santa Ana Tlacotenco Milpa Alta, Topilejo, DF. Juchitepec, Mex. Santa María Nduayaco, Santiago Apoala, Oaxaca.

Edible stage:

larvae, pupae.

Common name:

Mariposa del tejocote (Esp), Tlilpapálotl (Ntl).

Ethnos:

Yutoazteca, Náhuatl, Otomí, Otopame, Mazahua, Matlazinca, Zapoteco, Mixteco, Mixe, Popoluca, Chatino, Chinanteco, Mazateco, Zoque, Trique, Huave.

Host:

Viscum álbum L. Phoradendron velutinum (DC) Nutt.

Ecosystems:

Pine-oak forest, Tropical evergreen forest and Tropical decudous forest.

21.- Subamily Pierinae

Catasticta flisa flisa(Herrich-Schäffer 1853)

Places:

San Francisco Tlalnepantla, Xochimilco, Milpa Alta DF.

Edible stage:

larvae.

Common name:

Mariposa del tejocote (Esp), Nixtapapalotl (Ntl)

Ethnos:

Yutoazteca, Náhuatl, Otomí.

Host:

Phoradendron velutinum (DC) Nutt.

Ecosystems:

Pine-oak forest, Tropical evergreen forest and thorn forest.

22.- Subfamily Pierinae

Catasticta nimbice nimbice(Boisduval, 1836).

Places:

San Francisco Tlalnepantla, Xochimilco, Milpa Alta, DF.

Edible stage:

larvae.

Common name:

Papalotl (Ntl), Papalotontle (Oto).

Ethnos:

Yutoazteca, Náhuatl, Otomí.

Host:

Phoradendron velutinum (DC) Nutt.

Ecosystems:

Pine-oak forest, Tropical evergreen forest and thorn forest.

23.- Subfamily Pierinae

Pontia protodice(Boisduval & Leconte 1829).

Places:

Valle de México.

Edible stage:

Larvae.

Common names:

Tilpapalotl (Ntl),

Ethnos:

Otopame, Mazahua, Matlazinca.

Host:

Brassica oleracea L.

Ecosystems.

Cultures of lucerne, cabbage, and Oak Forest.

24.- Subfamily Pierinae

Leptophobia aripa elodia(Boisduval, 1836)

Places:

Valle de México.

Edible stage:

larvae.

Common names:

Chiahuitl (Oto)

Ethnos:

Otopame, Mazahua, Matlazinca.

Host:

Brassica rapa L., Lepidium sativum L., Tropaeolum majus L.

Ecosystems:

Cultures of cabbage, cauliflower and broccoli.

25.- Subfamily Nymphalinae

Vanessa annabella(Field 1971)

Places:

Santo Tomás, Hidalgo.

Edible stage:

larvae and pupae.

Common name:

gusano (Esp), Papalotepito (Ntl), Quiloculin (Oto).

Ethnos:

Náhuatl, Otomí.

Host:

Malva sp., Althaea rosea L.

Ecosystems:

Pine-oak forest, arid tropical scrub.

26.- Subfamily Nymphalinae

Vanessa virginiensis(Drury, 1773)

Places:

Santo Tomás, Hidalgo.

Edible stage:

larvae and pupae.

Common name:

gusano del llano (Esp), cochipilotl (Ntl).

Ethnos:

Náhuatl, Otomí.

Host:

Antirrhinum sp., Senecio salignus D.C., Gnaphalium sp., Antennaria sp., Anaphalis sp., Myosotis sp.

Ecosystems.

Pine-oak forest, arid tropical scrub.

27.- Subfamily: Nymphalinae

Nymphalis antiopa antiopa(Linnaeus, 1758)

Places:

Sierra Nevada Mex, Puebla

Edible stage:

larvae.

Common name:

Temictli (Ntl).

Ethnos:

Otopame, Mazahua, Matlazinca, Náhuatl, Totonaco.

Host:

Salyx babilonica L., Salix sp., Betula, Populus, Celtis, Ulmus

Ecosystems:

Rain forest, Tropical decidous forest.

28.- Subfamily: Nymphalinae

Chlosyne lacinia lacinia (Geyer, 1837)

Places:

Bethel, Chiapas.

Edible stage:

larvae.

Common name:

Gusanito (Esp).

Ethnos:

Maya, Tzotzil, Tzeltal, Chol, Lacandon, Tojolabal.

Host:

Helianthus annus L., Xanthium sp., Verbesina sp., Ambrosia sp.

Ecosystems:

Rain forest, tropical decidous forest.

29.- Subfamily: Biblidinae

Hamadryas sp.

Places:

Chichén Itzá, Yucatán.

Edible stage:

larvae.

Common name:

Ethnos:

Maya.

Host:

Dalechampia sp. Tragia sp.

Ecosystems.

Tropical decidous forest

30.- Subamily Satyrinae

Pareuptychia metaleuca(Boisduval, 1870).

Places:

Zongolica, Veracruz, Atlixco, Puebla, Tapachula, Chiapas, Pochutla, Oaxaca.

Edible stage:

larvae.

Common name:

gusano gordo, tzotlimichi.

Host:

Panicum sp.

Ethnos:

Totonaco, Huasteco, Náhuatl, Yutoazteca, Maya, Tzotzil, Tzeltal, Chol, Lacandon, Tojolabal Zapoteco, Mixteco, Mixe, Popoluca, Chatino, Chinanteco, Mazateco, Zoque, Trique, Huave.

Ecosystems:

Rain forest, Tropical decidous forest, Pine-oak-forest, thorn forest.

31.- Subfamily Danainae

Danaus gilippus thersippus(Bates, 1863) (Figure 11).

Places:

Santo Tomás, Tecozautla, Hidalgo.

Edible stage:

larvae.

Common name:

mariposa del tizmo (Esp), mariposa tiznada (Esp), papalotli (Ntl).

Ethnos:

Náhuatl, Otomí.

Host:

Asclepias linaria Cav., A. curassavica L., Vincetoxicum sp., Philibertia sp., Nerium sp., Stapelia sp.

Ecosystems:

Pine-oak forest, Tropical evergreen forest.

32.- Subfamily Danainae

Danaus plexippus plexippus(Linnaeus, 1758).

Subspecies

monarca L.

Places:

Tenejapa, Chiapas. Santo Tomás, Tecozautla, Hidalgo. Angangueo, Michoacán.

Edible stage:

adult

Common name:

mariposa monarca (Esp), mariposa voladora (Esp), mariposa viajera (Esp), xicalpapálotl (Ntl).

Ethnos:

Maya, Náhuatl, Otomí, Tarasco.

Host:

Asclepias linaria Cav., A. curassavica L.,

Ecosystems.

Pine-oak forest, Tropical evergreen forest.

FAMILY BOMBYCIDAE

33.- Subfamily: Bombycinae

Bombyx mori(Linnaeus, 1758).

Places:

Yosotato, Oaxaca.

Edible stage:

larvae.

Common name:

gusano de seda (Esp), sedaocuilin (Ntl), tzauhquiocuilin (Ntl).

Ethnos:

Zapoteco, Mixteco, Mixe, Popoluca, Chatino, Chinanteco, Mazateco, Zoque, Trique, Huave.

Host:

Morus rubra var rubra L.

Ecosystems.

Cloud forest, Rain forest.

FAMILY LASIOCAMPIDAE

34.- Subfamily Lasiocampinae

Eutachyptera psidii(Sallé, 1857)

Places:

Laguna Atezca, Molango, Hidalgo.

Edible stage:

larvae

Common name:

Mecta'che (Ntl), tecilli (Oto).

Ethnos:

Náhuatl, Otomí.

Host:

Psidiun guajaba L.

Ecosystems:

Cloud forest

FAMILY SATURNIIDAE

35.- Subfamily Arsenurinae

Arsenura armida(Cramer, 1779) (Figure 12).

Places:

Molango, Hidalgo. Jamiltepec, Oaxaca. Cuezalán, Santiago Yancuitlalpan, Coatepec de Matamoros, Acatlán de Osorio Puebla, Santiago Tuxtla, Los Tuxtlas, el Bajío, Chocamán, Ixcohuapa, Veracruz.

Edible stage:

larvae.

Common name:

Cuecla (Ntl), serpiente de mil cabezas (Esp), culebron (Esp), chonocuile (Mzt), cuetano (Mix), pochocuil (Zap), Zapala (Mx), tilpapálotl (Ntl), Tecocoz (Pop).

Ethnos:

Náhuatl, Otomí, Zapoteco, Mixteco, Mixe, Popoluca, Chatino, Chinanteco, Mazateco, Zoque, Trique, Huave, Totonaco, Huasteco.

Host:

Ceiba pentandra L. (Pochote), Chorisia sp. Heliocarpus appendiculatus Turcz.

Ecosystems:

Tropical decidous forest, Tropical evergreen forest, Pine oak-forest.

36.- Subfamily Arserurinae

Arsenura polyodonta(Jordan, 1911).

Places:

Atzitzihuacán, Atlixco, Puebla.

Edible stage:

larvae.

Common name:

cuecla (Ntl), zats (Tot), cuitlame (Maz), gusano del jonote (Esp).

Ethnos:

Náhuatl, Totonaco.

Host:

Malvaceae, Tiliaceae, Chorisia sp.

Ecosystems:

Pine-oak forest.

37.- Subfamily Arserurinae

Caio championi(Druce, 1886).

Places:

sur de Veracruz.

Edible stage:

larvae.

Common names:

Cuillicuatl (Ntl)

Ethnos:

Nahuatl, Totonaco, Huasteco.

Host:

Bombacopsis sp., Chorisia sp., Tilia sp.

Ecosystems.

Tropical decidous forest, Tropical evergreen forest.

38.- Subfamily Arserurinae

Caio richardsoni(Druce, 1890).

Places:

Cahuaré Chiapas. Chapantongo Hidalgo.

Edible stage:

Larvae.

Common names:

Guano oscuro (Esp), ocul (Ntl), culli (Oto).

Ethnos:

Maya, Tzotzil, Tzeltal, Chol, Lacandon, Tojolabal, Náhuatl, Otomí.

Host.

Chorisia sp., Ceiba pentandra L.

Ecosystems:

Mesquite-grassland, Arid tropical scrub, Tropical decidous forest, Tropical evergreen forest.

39.- Subfamily Ceratocampinae

Eacles aff. ormondei yucatanensis(Lemaire, 1988)

Places:

Zongolica, Ixcohuapa Veracruz

Edible stage:

Larvae

Common names:

Tlecocoz (Oto).

Ethnos:

Náhuatl, Yutoazteca. Otomí.

Host:

Quercus sp., Rhus sp.

Ecosystems:

Cloud forest, Oak-forest.

40.- Subfamily Ceratocampinae

Eacles sp. Hübner

Places:

Puerto Morelos, Quintana Roo.

Edible stage:

larvae.

Common name:

gusanito (Esp), xixicalticon (My).

Ethnos:

Maya.

Host:

Malvaceae, Melastomataceae.

Ecosystems:

Tropical evergreen forest.

41.- Subfamily Hemileucinae

Hemileuca sp. (Walker, 1855)

Places:

Zinacantepec, Mercado de Toluca, Almoloya de Juárez, Calixtlahuaca, Villa Victoria, Mex.

Edible stage:

larvae.

Common name:

zacamiches (Maz).

Ethnos:

Otopame, Mazahua, Matlazinca.

Host:

Salix sp., Fagaceae, Leguminosae, Rosaceae.

Ecosystems:

Pine-Oak forest.

42.- Subfamily Hemileucinae

Hylesia frigidaSchaus, 1911.

Places:

Navenchauc, Zinacantán, Coapilla, Chiapas. Santa María Nduayaco, Santiago Apoala, Asunción Nochixtlán, Oaxaca.

Edible stage:

larvae.

Common name:

Nn-chúm (Tzo), calocuillin (Ntl), caliocuillin (Tze).

Ethnos:

Maya, Tzotzil, Tzeltal, Chol, Lacandon, Tojolabal, Zapoteco, Mixteco, Mixe, Popolaca, Chatino, Chinanteco, Mazateco, Zoque, Trique, Huave.

Host:

Pinus sp., Bursera sp.. Anacardiaceae, Lauraceae, Melastomataceae.

Ecosystems:

Pine-oak forest, Pine-Forest, Cloud forest, Deciduos Forest.

43.- Subfamily Hemileucinae

Hylesia coinopusDyar, 1913.

Places: Cahuaré, Chiapas.

Edible stage:

larvae.

Common name:

mariposa de hilo grande (Esp), ciulicuactl (Tze).

Ethnos:

Maya, Tzotzil, Tzeltal, Chol, Lacandon, Tojolabal.

Host:

Pinus sp., Bursera sp., Anacardiaceae, Lauraceae, Melastomataceae.

Ecosystems:

Tropical decidous forest.

44.- Subfamily Hemileucinae

Hylesia sp. Hübner

Places:

Santa María Asunción, Tlaxiaco, Santa María Nduayaco, Asunción Nochixtlán, Oaxaca.

Edible stage:

larvae.

Common names:

Cuitlicallli (Mix).

Ethnos:

Zapoteco, Mixteco, Mixe, Popolaca, Chatinos, Chinantecos, Mazatecos, Zoques, Triques, Huave.

Host:

Pinus sp., Bursera sp.

Ecosystems:

Pine-oak forest, Savannah, Desert, Palmar.

45.- Subfamily Hemileucinae

Paradirphia hoegei(Druce, 1886).

Places:

Tehuacán Puebla.

Edible stage:

Larvae

Common name.

Cuchamac (Ntl)

Ethnos:

Nahuatl, Totonaco.

Host:

Platanus lindeniana Mart et Gall, Salix chilensis Mol., Prunus sp., Robinia sp.

Ecosystems:

Rain forest, Tropical decidous forest, Decidous forest, Oak forest.

46.- Subfamily Hemileucinae

Paradirphia fumosa(Felder, 1874).

Places:

Zapotitlán y regiones circunvecinas en la reserva de la Biosfera Tehuacán. Puebla.

Edible stage:

larvae.

Common name:

cuchamá (Ntl).

Ethnos:

Nahuatl, Totonaco.

Host:

Eysenhardtia polystachya, Ortega (Sarg), Prosopis laevigata, Cercidium praecox, (R et Pav) Harás, Acacia constricta Benth.

Ecosystems:

Rain forest, Tropical decidous forest, Decidous forest,Oak forest, Arid tropical scrub.

47.- Subfamily Hemileucinae

Pseudodirphia mexicana(Bouvier, 1924).

Places:

Zongolica, Veracruz.

Edible stage:

adult.

Common name:

Popolocon (Oto).

Ethnos:

Nahuatl, Yutoazteca, Otomi.

Host:

Fagus sp., Quercus sp., Ulmáceae, Leguminosae, Rosaceae, Fraxinus uhdei (Wenz) Ling.

Ecosystems:

Cloud forest, Oak forest.

48.- Subfamily Saturniinae

Antheraea polyphemus mexicana (Hoffmann, 1942).

Places:

Zongolica, Veracruz.

Edible stage:

larvae.

Common names:

Tzucalli (Oto)

Ethnos:

Náhuatl, Yutoazteca.Otomí.

Host:

Quercus sp. Juglans sp., Tila sp., Prunus sp., Crataegus sp., Salix sp.

Ecosystems:

Oak forest, Decidous forest.

49.- Subfamily Saturniinae

Actias luna(Linnaeus, 1758) (Figure 13).

Places:

Sierra Tarahumara, Chihuahua.

Edible stage:

larvae.

Common name:

gusano manchado (Esp), cola de novia (Esp).

Ethnos:

Tarahumara.

Host:

Liquidambar sp., Juglans cinerea L., Diospyros virginiana L., Quercus rubra L..

Ecosystems:

Cloud forest, Pine-Oak forest, Desert.

50.- Subfamily Saturniinae

Actias truncatipennis (Sonthonnax 1899)

Places:

Sierra Tarahumara, Chihuahua.

Edible stage:

larvae.

Common name:

gusano gordo (Esp), papalotli (Ntl).

Ethnos:

Tarahumara.

Host:

Liquidambar sp, Juglandaceae

Ecosystems:

Cloud forest.

FAMILY SPHINGIDAE

51.- Subfamily Macroglossinae

Pachylia ficus(Linnaeus, 1758)

Places:

Motozintla, Chiapas.

Edible stage:

larvae.

Common name:

gusano (Esp).

Ethnos:

Maya, Tzotzil, Tzeltal, Chol, Lacandon, Tojolabal.

Host:

Ficus cookii Stand.

Ecosystems:

Forest of Poeppigia procera Presl.

52.- Subfamily Sphinginae

Cocytius antaeus(Cramer, 1777) (Figure 14).

Places:

Cahuaré, Chiapas, Tixtla, Guerrero.

Edible stage:

larvae.

Common name:

gusano cornudo (Esp), gusano del cuerno (Esp).

Ethnos:

Maya, Tzotzil, Tzeltal, Chol, Lacandon, Tojolabal, Náhuatl, Tlapaneco, Amuzgo.

Host:

Anona spp.

Ecosystems:

Thorn forest.

53.- Subfamily Sphinginae

Manduca sexta(Linnaeus, 1763).

Places:

Cahuaré Chiapas, Ixcohuapa, Veracruz

Edible stage:

larvae, adult.

Common name:

gusano del cuerno (Esp).

Ethnos:

Maya, Náhuatl, Yutoazteca, Otomí.

Host:

Nicotiana tabacum L.

Ecosystems:

Cloud forest, Oak forest.

54.- Subfamily Sphinginae

Manduca sp.

Places:

Ixcohuapa, Veracruz.

Edible stage:

larvae, adult.

Common name:

gusano grande verde (Esp).

Ethnos:

Náhuatl, Yutoazteca, Otomí.

Host:

Nicotiana tabacum L.

Ecosystems:

Cloud forest.

FAMILY NOCTUIDAE

55.- Subfamily Calpinaenae

Ascalapha odorata(Linneaus, 1758) (Figure 15).

Places:

Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Bochil, Frontera, Bethel, Selva Lacandona, Chiapas. Coyoacán, DF. Tixtla, El Potrero, Zacazonapan, Colotlipa, Mezcantepec, Quechultenango, Chilpancingo, Guerrero. Teotitlán del Camino, Oaxaca. San Juan Epatlán, Izúcar de Matamoros, Atlixco, Ajalpan, Coatepec de Matamoros, Puebla. Puerto Morelos, Quintana Roo.

Edible stage:

larvae.

Common name:

mariposa del muerto (Esp), cuetla (Ntl), cuetlacuahuetl (Ntl), pochocuiles (Oto), cuetano (Mix).

Ethnos:

Maya, Tzotzil, Tzeltal, Chol, Lacandon, Tojolabal, Yutoazteca, Náhuatl, Otomí, Tlapaneco, Amuzgo, Zapoteco, Mixteco, Mixe, Popoluca, Chatino, Chinanteco, Mazateco, Zoque, Trique, Huave, Totonaco.

Host:

Melastomataceae

Ecosystems:

Thorn forest, Tropical evergreen forest, Rain forest, Tropical decidous forest.

56.- Subfamily: Calpinaenae

Ascalapha agaristaCramer, 1777.

Places:

Chilpancingo, Guerrero

Edible stage:

larvae.

Common name:

mariposa de la muerte (Esp), mariposa del muerto (Esp).

Ethnos:

Náhuatl, Tlapaneco, Amuzgo.

Host:

Melastomataceae.

Ecosystems.

Tropical decidous forest

57.- Subfamily: Agaristinae

Gerra sevorsa(Grote, 1882).

Places:

Pedregal de San Ángel, DF, San Miguel Regla, Hidalgo. Misantla, Veracruz.

Edible stage:

larvae.

Common name:

Gusano del maíz (Esp)

Ethnos:

Yutoazteca, Náhuatl, Otomí, Totonaco, Huasteco.

Host:

Unknown

Ecosystems.

Cloud forest, Pine-Oak forest, and Arid tropical scrub.

58.- Subfamilly Calpinae

Latebraria amphipyroides(Guenée, 1852)

Places:

Frontera, Echeverria, Argovia, las Cañitas, Selva Lacandona, Ixtapa, Bethel, Independencia, Frontera, Chiapas. San Pedro Atocpan, San Salvador Cuahtenco, San Jerónimo Miacatlán, Santa Ana Tlacotenco, San Bartolo Xicomulco, San Lorenzo Tlacoyucan, San Agustín Ohtenco, San Pablo Oztotepec, San Antonio Tecomitl, San Francisco Tecoxpa, San Juan Tepenahuac, Milpa Alta, DF. Huejutla de Reyes, Atlapexco, Durango, Santo Tomás, Xochitlán, Chilcuautla, Romantla, Hidalgo, Santa María Nduayaco, Santiago Apoala, Huajuapan de Léon, Yosotato, Puerto Escondido, Oaxaca. Izúcar de Matamoros, Tehuitzingo, Santa Inés Ahuatempan, Puebla. Orizaba, Ixtapaluka, Chocaman, Veracruz.

Edible stage:

larvae.

Common name:

Cuetla (Ntl), Cuetlmami (Oto), culebra gorda (Esp), culebra cornuda (Esp).

Ethnos:

Maya, Tzotzil, Tzeltal, Chol, Lacandon, Tojolabal, Yutoazteca, Náhuatl, Otomí, Totonaco, Huasteco, Mixe, Popoluca, Chatino, Chinanteco, Mazateco, Zoque, Trique, Huave.

Host.

Ipomea intrapilosa Rose

Ecosystems:

Rain forest, Tropical decidous forest, Pine-oak Forest, Arid tropical scrub, Pine-Forest.

59.- Subfamily Calpinae

Thysania agrippina(Cramer, 1776)

Places:

Tenejapa, Chiapas.

Edible stage:

larvae.

Common name:

mariposa águila (Esp), mariposon (Esp), mazacuata (Tzo).

Ethnos:

Maya, Tzotzil, Tzeltal, Chol, Lacandón, Tojolabal.

Host:

Unknown

Ecosystems.

Rain forest, Tropical evergreen forest.

60.- Subfamily Heliotinae

Helicoverpa zea (Boddie, 1850).

Places:

San Pedro Atocpan, San Salvador Cuahtenco, San Jerónimo Miacatlán, Santa Ana Tlacotenco, San Bartolo Xicomulco, San Lorenzo Tlacoyucan, San Agustín Ohtenco, San Pablo Oztotepec, San Antonio Tecomitl, San Francisco Tecoxpa, San Juan Tepenahuac, Milpa Alta, Pedregal de San Ángel, DF. Villa de Allende, Polotitlán, Jilotepec, San Francisco Chimalpa, San José Tezompa, Temamatla, Santiago Tilapa, Tequixquiac, Mex. Quechultenango, Mezcantepec, Chilpancingo, Guerrero. Atlapexco, Chilcuautla, Valle del Mezquital, Durango, Santo Tomás, Xochitlán, Molango, San Miguel Regla, Tlaxcoapan, El Dexthi, San Juanico Ixmiquilpan, Hidalgo. Santa María Nduayaco, Santiago Apoala, Oaxaca. Tenancingo, Tetla, Tlaxcala, Ixcohuapa, Veracruz.

Edible stage:

larvae.

Common name:

gusano del maíz (Esp), gusano de la milpa (Esp).

Ethnos:

Yutoazteca, Náhuatl, Otomí, Otopame, Mazahua, Matlazinca, Zapoteco, Mixteco, Mixe, Popoluca, Chatino, Chinanteco, Mazateco, Zoque, Trique, Huave, Totonaco, Huasteco.

Host.

Zea mays L.

Ecosystems:

Cultures of maize mixed with beans, geen beans and lucerne.

61.- Subfamily Xyleninae

Spodoptera exigua(Hübner, 1808).

Places:

Zapotitlán, Tláhuac, DF.

Edible stage:

larvae.

Common name:

gusano soldado (Esp).

Ethnos:

Yutoazteca, Náhuatl, Otomí.

Host:

Zea mays L.

Ecosystems.

Cultures of maize.

62.- Subfamily Xyleninae

Spodoptera frugiperda(Smith, 1797).

Places:

San Pedro Atocpan, San Salvador Cuahtenco, San Jerónimo Miacatlán, Santa Ana Tlacotenco, San Bartolo Xicomulco, San Lorenzo Tlacoyucan, San Agustín Ohtenco, San Pablo Oztotepec, San Antonio Tecomitl, San Francisco Tecoxpa, San Juan Tepenahuac, Milpa Alta, DF. Villa de Allende, Polotitlán, San José Tezompa, Santa Anita, Temamatla, Tequixquiac, Mex. Tlaxcoapan, Tulancalco, Hidalgo. Tetla, Tlaxcala.

Edible stage:

Larvae.

Common name:

gusano elotero (Esp).

Ethnos:

Yutoazteca, Náhuatl, Otomí, Otopame, Mazahua, Matlazinca.

Host:

Zea mays L.

Ecosystems.

Cultures of maize.

63.- Subfamily Xyleninae

Spodoptera sp.

Places:

Milpa Alta, DF.

Edible stage:

larvae.

Common name;

gusano soldado (Esp).

Ethnos:

Yutoazteca, Náhuatl, Otomí.

Host:

Zea mays L.

Ecosystems:

Culture of maize mixed with beans, greenbeans and lucerne.

FAMILY ARCTIIDAE

64. - Subfamily: Arctiinae

Pelochyta cervina(Edwards, 1884).

Places:

Zongolica, Veracruz

Edible stage:

adult.

Common Name:

Ethnos:

Náhuatl, Yutoazteca, Otomí.

Host:

Scientific name unknown, common name "cucharilla real".

Ecosystems:

Rain forest and Tropical decidous forest.

65.- Subfamily: Arctiinae

Elysius superba (Druce, 1884) (Figure 16)

Places:

Zongolica, Veracruz.

Edible stage:

larvae.

Common name:

gusano del palo mulato (Esp).

Ethnos:

Náhuatl, Yutoazteca, Otomí.

Host:

Bursera simaruba Sarg., Ficus sp.

Ecosystems:

Rain forest and Tropical decidous forest.

66.- Subfamily Arctiinae

Amastus ochreaceator (Walker, 1865) (Figure 17)

Places:

Zongolica, Veracruz.

Edible stage:

larvae.

Common name:

gusano de los palos (Esp), xicaltetecon (Ntl).

Ethnos:

Náhuatl, Yutoazteca, Otomí.

Host:

Inga jinicuil Schl.

Ecosystems.

Rain forest and Tropical decidous forest.

67.- Subfamily: Arctiinae

Estigmene acrea (Drury, 1773) (Figure 18)

Places:

Zongolica, Veracruz.

Edible stage:

adult.

Common name:

oruga salina (Esp).

Ethnos:

Náhuatl, Yutoazteca, Otomí.

Host:

Phaseolus vulgaris, Mimosa af. pigra L.

Ecosystems.

Rain forest, Tropical decidous forest.