From: Medicinal flora and ethnoecological knowledge in the Naran Valley, Western Himalaya, Pakistan
S. N | Botanical Name | Family Name | Altitude (m) | Locality | Local Name | Part used | Uses |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Achillea millefolium L. | Asteraceae | 2840 | Bans | Birangesif/Jarri | Whole plant | Less concentrated decoction mixed with milk is taken in stomach disorders and diarrhoea. |
2 | Aconitum heterophyllum Wall. | Ranunculaceae | 3250 | Besal | Patris/Sarba vala | Rhizome | Pills of rhizome powder coated in local butter are used as aphrodisiac and general body tonic. |
3 | Aconitum violaceum Jacq. ex Stapf | Ranunculaceae | 3310 | Serrian | Atees/Zahar | Paired roots | Powders are used in sciatica and as pain killer. |
4 | Actaea spicata L. | Rosaceae | 3130 | Lalazar | Beenakae | Root, berries | Berries are used as sedative; Extract is applied externally for the treatment of joint pains. |
5 | Adiantum venustum D. Don | Adiantaceae | 3020 | Upper Batakundi | Sumbal | Whole plant | Infusion is taken orally for lungs disorders. |
6 | Aesculus indica (Wall. ex Camb) Hook. | Hippocastanceae | 2460 | Damdama | Bankhore/Javaz | Fruit | Powder of the dried fruit is used in indigestion. |
7 | Allium humile Kunth. | Alliaceae | 3570 | Lalazar Peak | Jangali piaz | Whole plant | Fresh plant is taken as salad for gastrointestinal disorders and UTI. |
8 | Angelica glauca Edgew. | Apiaceae | 3410 | Lalazar | Chora chora | Dried roots | Powdered roots are taken with milk for gastrointestinal disorders. |
9 | Artemisia absinthium L | Asteraceae | 2800 | Lalazar | Chahu/Tarkha | Flowering tops | Crushed powders are used to enhance digestion as well as worm problems. |
10 | Artemisia vulgaris L. | Asteraceae | 2630 | Batakundi R. Station | Chahu/Javkey | young shoots | Extract of its young shoots is used to regulate monthly cycle. |
11 | Asparagus racemosus Willd. | Asparagaceae | 2770 | Barrawae | Nanoor/Shalgvatey | Root & stem | Paste of powder is applied for wounds healing (Antiseptic); powders are taken orally to stimulates sexual desire and treat dysentery. |
12 | Berberis pseudoumbellata Parker | Berberidaceae | 2900 | Batakundi | Sumbal/Kvarey | Root, bark & fruit | Powder of roots bark is used in fever, backache, jaundice, and UTI. Fruit is considered as tonic. |
13 | Bergenia ciliata (Haw.) Sternb. | Saxifragaceae | 2940 | Upper Batakundi | But pewa/Zakhme hayat | Latex & Rhizome | Latex is applied externally for gum diseases and decoction of rhizome is used in kidney stones. |
14 | Bergenia strachyei (Hook. f. & Thoms) Engl | Saxifragaceae | 3190 | Such Peak | But pewa/Zakhme hayat | Rhizome, Latex | Latex is applied externally for gum diseases; Decoction of rhizome is used in kidney stones and for contraction of tissues. |
15 | Betula utilis D. Don | Betulaceae | 3250 | Such | Braj | Leaves, bark | Tea made up of young leaves is used as diuretic and joints pain; rarely used for gall bladder stone. |
16 | Bistorta affinis (D. Don) Green | Polygonaceae | 3350 | Lower Batakundi | Anjabar | Rhizome | Powders prepared from rhizome taken with milk in fever, body pains & muscles contraction. |
17 | Bistorta amplexicaulis (D. Don) | Polygonaceae | 2680 | Batakundi R. Station | Masloon | Rhizome | Powder mixed with little salt is used for sore throat, swelling of mouth and tongue. |
18 | Caltha alba Jack. ex Comb | Ranunculaceae | 2960 | Khora | Baringu | Roots & airial parts | Roots infusion is used as mouth wash; young shoots and leaves are cooked as vegetable for and considered as digestive. |
19 | Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medic. | Brassicaceae | 2540 | Lower Batakundi | Chambraka | Aerial parts, seeds | Aerial parts are cooked and used in diarrhoea; Seeds powder is taken with water to cure high blood pressure. |
20 | Cedrus deodara (Roxb. ex Lamb.) G. Don | Pinaceae | 2700 | Naran | Diar/Ranzrra | oil | Oil are extracted from wood through burning and used to cure skin disorders. |
21 | Chenopodium album L. | Chenopodiaceae | 2460 | Naran | Sarmay | Leaves & shoots | Leaves and shoots are cooked and taken to expel worms also to promote evacuation of bowels and urine. |
22 | Clematis montana Buch.-Ham. ex DC | Ranunculaceae | 2820 | Lalazar | Zelae | Flowers & Fruits | Flowers and fruits powder is taken for treating the diarrhoea & dysentery. |
23 | Colchicum luteum Baker | Colchicaceae | 3230 | Bans | Qaimat-guley/Suranjane talkh | Dried corms | Very small amount of powder is given by Hakims (specialist people) in local oils as aphrodisiac and in joint pains, spleen & liver diseases. |
24 | Convolulus arvensis L. | Convolulaceae | 2940 | Upper Batakundi | Sahar gulay | Roots | Powder is considered as purgative & used in evacuation of bowels. |
25 | Corydalis govaniana Wall. | Fumariaceae | 3310 | Damdama | Desi mamera | Whole plant | Juice o the plant is used as diuretic powders of flowers are used in treating eye diseases. |
26 | Cotoneaster microphyllus Wall. ex Lindl | Rosaceae | 2720 | Dadar Nalah | Mamanna/Kharava | Leaves and shoots | Tea prepared from leaves is used to stop bleeding and peep. |
27 | Crataegus oxycantha L. | Rosaceae | 2410 | Naran | Tampasa | Fruits and flowers | Fruit and flowers are considered as heart tonic. |
28 | Cypripedium cordigerum D. Don | Orchidaceae | 3050 | Batakundi | Shakalkal | Rhizome | Powders are used by experts relieve spasm and as nerve stimulant |
29 | Dactylorhiza hatagirea (D. Don) Soo | Orchidaceae | 2760 | Saifalmaluk Nalah | Salap | Tubers | Tubers powders are used by hakims as sex stimulant & nerve tonic. |
30 | Dioscorea deltoidea Wall. | Dioscoreaceae | 2820 | Damdama | Kirtha | Tubers | Tubers are crushed to powder form and uses as enhancer of excretion and worm expulsion; Also used in butter as tonic. |
31 | Dryopteris juxtapostia Christ | Pteridaceae | 2910 | Upper Batakundi | Kwanjay | Young shoots | Young shoots are cooked as pot herb and considered as digestive that help in evacuation of bowel more drastically. |
32 | Ephedra gerardiana Wall. ex Stapf | Ephedraceae | 2570 | Batakundi R. Station | Ephedra | Whole plant | Powder of the crushed plant and some time its tea is used for TB, asthma, astringent, relaxation of bronchial muscles. |
33 | Equisetum arvense L. | Equisetaceae | 2600 | Batakundi R. Station | Nari/Bandakey | Aerial parts | Powder prepare from aerial parts are used for bone strengthening, hairs and nail development and weakness caused by TB. |
34 | Eremurus himalaicus Baker | Asphodelaceae | 2700 | Barrawae | Sheela | Young shoots | Young shoots are cooked and used as digestive. |
35 | Euphorbia wallichii Hook. f. | Euphorbiaceae | 3250 | Such | Arghamala/Shangla | Latex | Latex is extracted and mixed with milk in small amount and used against worms, to accelerate defecation, promotes circulation and bowel evacuation. |
36 | Euphrasia himalayica Wetts. | Lamiaceae | 3170 | Lalazar | Â | Whole Plant | Local people cook and use it against cold, cough, sore throat |
37 | Fragaria nubicola Lindl. ex Lacaita | Rosaceae | 3200 | Jalkhad | Katalmewa | Fruits | Juice of it is considered as anti diarrhoeal, anti dysenteric. Also used in diabetes and sexual diseases. |
38 | Fritillaria roylei Hook. f. | Liliaceae | 2950 | Dadar Nalah | Â | Bulb | Powder of the dry bulb or in fresh form mixed with butter is used in UTI and to soften and soothe the skin. |
39 | Galium aparine L. | Rubiaceae | 3110 | Damdama | Goose grass | Whole plant | Its decoction is used in urinary tract infection. |
40 | Gentiana kurro Royle | Gentianaceae | 3290 | Dabukan | Linkath | Root | Powdered root is used in stomach-ache, as tonic and muscles contraction. |
41 | Gentiana moorcroftiana (Wall. ex G. Don) Airy Shaw | Gentianaceae | 3050 | Khora | Bhangara | Rhizome | Powder is used to stimulant appetite. |
42 | Gentianodes argentia Omer, Ali & Qaiser | Gentianaceae | 3300 | Saifalmaluk mountain | Linkathi | Root | Decoction is used in urinary problems. |
43 | Geranium nepalense Sweet. | Geraniaceae | 3000 | Lalazar | Lijaharri | Whole plant | Rhizome’s powder and decoction of aerial parts are used for the treatment of renal infections and as contraction of uterine muscles. |
44 | Geranium wallichianum D. Don ex. Sweet | Geraniaceae | 2920 | Barrawae | Lijaahari/Ratan jog/srazela | Rhizome | Boiled powder is used in high blood pressure, uterine diseases and stomach disorders. Also considered as tonic. |
45 | Hyoscyamus niger L. | Solanaceae | 2730 | Upper Batakundi | Khurasani ajwain | Leaves/seeds | Decoction extracted from boiled leaves in diluted form is used as sedative, and pain killer. Powders of the seeds are used to treat whooping cough. |
46 | Hypericum perforatum L. | Hypericaceae | 2540 | Naran | Balsana/Shin chae | Whole plnt | Tea prepared of young shoots is used in gastric disorders, respiratory and urinary difficulties. Roots powders are used in irregular menstruation. |
47 | Impatiens bicolor Royle | Balsaminaceae | 2700 | Lower Batakundi | Gule mehendi/Atraangey | Whole plant | Paste of leaves is used in joint pains. Extract of the plant is regarded as cooling agent and in speeding defecation. |
48 | Indigofera heterantha Wall. ex Brand | Papilionaceae | 2680 | Saifulmaluk Nalah | Kainthi/Ghvareja | Whole plant | Powder of the root bark and also is used in hepatitis, whooping cough. Its extract is used as dye for blackening of hairs. |
49 | Inula grandiflora Willd. | Asteraceae | 2870 | Upper Batakundi | Kuth | Rhizome | Both powdered and fresh rhizome is used in gastric disorders, in appetite and as diuretic |
50 | Iris hookeriana Foster | Iridaceae | 3340 | Besal | Gandechar | Rhizome | Minute amount of powder of dried rhizome is used as speeding defecation and urination and in gall bladder diseases. |
51 | Juglans regia L. | Juglandaceae | 2450 | Â | Akhor/Ghuz | Fruits, bark | Nuts are believed to use as brain tonic, bark in toothache. |
52 | Juniperus communis L. | Juniperaceae | 3550 | Such | Gugarr/Bhentri | Berries | Berry powder is considered as enhancer of urination, gas expulsion and stimulant. |
53 | Juniperus excelsa M. Bieb | Juniperaceae | 3460 | Getidas | Gugarr | Fruits | Fruits are used as urinary, venereal, uterine and digestive troubles as well as gleets. |
54 | Leucas cephalotes (Roth) Spreng. | Papilionaceae | 2880 | Dabukan | Gomma | Whole plant | Extraction of the plant is used to dispel fever and chills and also used in scabies, cough and cold. |
55 | Malva neglecta Wall. | Malvaceae | 2620 | Serrian | Sonchal/Panerak | Whole plant | As a local vegetable believed to relinquish bowel and treat dilated veins in swollen anal tissue. |
56 | Mentha longifolia (L.) Hudson. | Lamiaceae | 2480 | Upper Batakundi | Safid Podina | Whole plant | Fresh leaves and shoots and also its powder are used in sauces with belief of gas expeller and anti diarrhoeal. |
57 | Mentha royleana Benth. | Lamiaceae | 2590 | Batakundi R. Station | Podina | Leaves | Mixed in green teas and are used in vomiting, as cooling agent and gas expeller. |
58 | Nepeta laevigata (D. Don) Hand.-Mazz. | Lamiaceae | 2910 | Dadar Nalah | Deijalbhanga/Peesho butay | Whole plant | Powders of the dried plant are used to cure cold, fever and headache. |
59 | Onosma bracteatum Wall. | Boraginaceae | 2710 | Jakhad | Gowzoban | Whole plant | Powders are taken with water as heart stimulant while decoction is used as anti dandruff. |
60 | Origanum vulgare L. | Lamiaceae | 2800 | Bans | Jangali majorum | Whole plant | Powder mixed with milk is taken in stomach-ache, antispasmodic. Also taken with milk as antimicrobial and flavouring agent. |
61 | Oxyria digyna (L.) Hill. | Polygonaceae | 2940 | Khora | Tarwakay | Aerial parts | Young leaves and aerial parts are used as source of vitamin C. |
62 | Oxytropis cachemiriana Camb. | Papilionaceae | 3120 | Batakundi | Â | Rhizome | Rhizome of the plant is traditionally used as a tooth brush to prevent toothache. |
63 | Paeonia emodi Wall. ex Royle | Paeoniaceae | 2730 | Naran | Mamekh | Seeds & tubers | Paste prepared from seeds is used in rheumatism. Powdered rhizome is mixed with sweet dishes and used for the treatment of UTI and backache. |
64 | Parnassia nubicola Wall. | Parnassiaceae | 3110 | Lalazar | Â | Whole plant | Whole plant is cooked as a vegetable (pot herb) and is exercised in digestive disorders. |
65 | Pimpinella diversifolia (Wall.) DC | Apiaceae | 2800 | Lower Batakundi | Tarpakhi/Watani kaga | Whole plant | Dried plant is crushed to powdered form and used for gas and bowel expulsion. Also used for flavour. |
66 | Pinus wallichiana Jackson | Pinaceae | 2720 | Lower Batakundi | Sraf | Resin, woods | Resin is considered as diaphoretic, also applied to the cracked (wounded) heels. |
67 | Plantago himalaica Pilger | Plantaginaceae | 3230 | Barrawae | Jabae | Leaves | Paste prepare from fresh leaves is used in skin problems especially soured feet. |
68 | Plantago lanceolata L. | Plantaginaceae | 2950 | Upper Batakundi | Ispeghol/Jabae | Leave/ seeds | Decoction of boiled leaves is used in respiratory problems. Seeds are taken with milk to ease digestion. |
69 | Plantago major L. | Plantaginaceae | 3000 | Dabukan | Ipeghol/Jabae | Root, seeds, leaves | Leaves are cooked and taken orally to cure seasonal fevers. Chopped leaves are used as poultice to cure wounds. Seeds are considered as tonic. Root decoction & infusion is taken as anti dysenteric and leaves decoction in breathing problems. |
70 | Podophllum hexandrum Royle | Podophyllaceae | 3080 | Khora | Kakorra/Gangorra/ | Rhizome & Fruits | A poisonous plant but expert healers use it in a minute amount in mixture with other plants. Its fruit is used to ease bowel movement whilst rhizome is used in the treatment of cancer. |
71 | Polygonum aviculare L. | Polygonaceae | 2940 | Damdama | Bandakey | Whole plant | Aerial parts of the plant are cooked as pot herb and considered as purgative and emetic |
72 | Polygonum plebeium R. Br | Polygonaceae | 3440 | Such | Baramol/Noorealam | Root | Root is boiled and mixed with butter locally for stimulate mammary glands; It is also considered to soothes and protects the alimentary canal. |
73 | Potentilla anserina L. | Rosaceae | 2820 | Lalazar | Spangji | Whole plant | Whole plant is used as anti-diarrhoeal and also in intestinal infections |
74 | Primula denticulata Smith | Primulaceae | 3220 | Serrian | Mamera | Rhizome | Powdered rhizome mixed with honey is used to cure various eyes disorders. |
75 | Prunella vulgaris L. | Lamiaceae | 2910 | Upper Batakundi | Ustakhdus | Whole plant | Whole plant both in fresh and dry form is used to relieve respiratory difficulties, in treating joint pains and easing gastric spasm. |
76 | Prunus cerasoides D. Don | Rosaceae | 2670 | Such | Alubaloo | Bark, fruit | Decoction of the bark is taken in biting and fruit as nerve tonic |
77 | Rheum austral D. Don | Polygonaceae | 3450 | Saifalmaluk | Chotial | Rhizome & shoots | Leaves and shoots are used as salad for to normalize irregular heart beating, respiratory problems, sore eyes and body strength. Rhizome is cooked and used as wound healing agent and to relive urinary tract disorders. |
78 | Rhododendron hypenanthum Balf.f | Oleaceae | 3610 | Lalazar peak | Tazak Tusum/Gul namer | Leaves | Fresh leaves of it are used in spices as flavouring agent. |
79 | Ribes alpestre Decne | Grassullariaceae | 2720 | Batakundi R. Station | Â | Berries | Berry fruits are considered as heart tonic. |
80 | Rosa webbiana Wall. ex Royle | Rosaceae | 2900 | Besal | Jangali Gulab | Flowerss, bark | Processed flowers (Arq) are used in respiratory problems while bark is used in wounds healing as well as flavour. |
81 | Rubus sanctus Schreber | Rosaceae | 3000 | Khora | Alish | Whole plant | Fruit is laxative and dysentery; Infusion of leaves and young shoots is used in whooping cough. |
82 | Rumex dentatus L. | Polygonaceae | 2540 | Lalazar | Shalkhey | Roots & leaves | Root powder is considered to overcome dryness and scaling of the skin. |
83 | Rumex nepalensis Sprenge | Polygonaceae | 2670 | Lower Batakundi | Ambavati | Roots & leaves | Leaves are used as substitute of Rheum austral whilst its root is believed to ease bowel evacuation. |
84 | Salvia lanata Roxb. | Lamiaceae | 2870 | Such | Kiyan | Whole plant | Aerial parts are used as vegetable and its root powders are considered to ease bowel evacuation; also used in cough & cold. |
85 | Salvia moorcroftiana Wallich ex Benth | Lamiaceae | 2910 | Damdama | Kalizarri | Leaves, seeds, roots | Fresh leaves are put in hot ash for a while and then used as poultice for abscesses. Cooked leaves are used in dysentery and colic. |
86 | Sambucus weightiana Wall. ex Wight & Arn | Sambucaceae | 2460 | Barrawae | Mushkiara | Whole plant | Decoction and powder is used to relieve respiratory difficulties and inflammatory skin conditions. |
87 | Saussurea albescens Hook. f. & Thoms | Asteraceae | 3000 | Serrian | Kuth | Roots | Roots are cooked in local butters and used as tonic, also use in treatment of stomach as well as pain, and skin diseases. |
88 | Silene vulgaris Garck | Caryophyllaceae | 2780 | Dabukan | Barra takla | Whole plant | Juice of it is used as digestive, in eye diseases, and is also vaporized to kill or repel pests. |
89 | Swertia ciliata (D. Don ex G. Don) B. L. Burtt | Gentianaceae | 2850 | Bans | Chirita | Whole plant | Powders are used in irregularity or infrequency of passing faeces as well as stomach burn. |
90 | Sysimbrium irio L. | Brassicaceae | 2940 | Jalkhad | Khubkalan | Leaves & seeds | Seeds are used in throat & chest infection & ease breathing; Paste of leaves is applied to cure sunburn & enhance skin beauty |
91 | Taraxacum officinale Weber | Asteraceae | 2720 | Naran | Hand/Gulsag/Booda boodae | Roots | Roots decoction is taken to ease urination and other kidney disorders whilst powders are taken as tonic. |
92 | Thymus linearis Benth. | Lamiaceae | 3240 | Besal | Bazori/Sperkae/Ban ajwain | Whole plant | Plant is used to make tea, drink, juice to cure stomach & liver complaints; Powder of aerial parts is used in cough. |
93 | Trifolium repens L. | Papilionaceae | 2610 | Dabukan | Chapatra | Whole plant | Fresh plant is used as worms expulsion (Cattles poison) |
94 | Trillidium govanianum (Wall. ex D. Don) Kunth | Trilliaceae | 3370 | Saifalmaluk Lake | Tandhi jarri | Roots | Powdered plant is used as body and sexual tonic. |
95 | Tussilago farfara L. | Asteraceae | 2990 | Batakundi Hills | Funjiwam | Whole plant | Aerial parts are cooked and used in respiratory infections. |
96 | Ulmus wallichiana Planch. | Ulmaceae | 2580 | Damdama Nalah | Kahey | Bark | Considered highly medicinal for digestive tract diseases. |
97 | Valeriana pyrolifolia Decne | Valerianaceae | 3460 | Lalazar Peak | Mushkbala/Shangeetae | Rhizome | Powdered rhizome is used to treat spasm and habitual constipation. |
98 | Verbascum thapsus L. | Scrophulariaceae | 2980 | Naran | Kharghvag/Jangali tamakoo | Whole plant | Root’s powder is considered as aphrodisiac; leaves, paste is used in skin problems; leaves are also smoked to induce sedation by reducing irritability or excitement. |
99 | Viburnum cotinifolium D. Don | Caprifoliaceae | 2630 | Naran | Taliana | Fruits | Fruits are taken for reducing uterine irritability and stopping bleeding usually by female |
100 | Viburnum grandiflorum Wall. ex DC. | Caprifoliaceae | 2680 | Naran | Guch | Fruits | Fruits are used to ease gastric spasms and uterine irritability. |
101 | Viola canescens Wall. ex Roxb. | Violaceae | 3020 | Jalkhad | Gule banafsha | Whole plant | Young shoots are used to promote circulation, dispels fever and chills, relieves muscle tension whilst decoction & infusion is used in sore throat. |