Table 3 Cosmetic plants cited by informants with botanical information

Amaranthaceae

Achyranthes aspera L. var. aspera

N

Pol

No

3

Nat

Shrublet

mokio

-

2

Asteraceae

Ageratum conyzoides L.

N/S

Mod

No

1

Nat

Herbaceous

mei’e, mei’e rore

mei’e, putara

6

Euphorbiaceae

Aleurites moluccanus (L.) Willd.

N/S

Pol

No

3

Nat

Tree

‘ama

‘ama, ti‘a’iri

5

Xanthorrhoeaceae

Aloe vera (L.) Burm.f.

N/S

Mod

Yes

2

Cult

Herbaceous

-

-

1

Apocynaceae

Alyxia stellata var. marquesensis (F.Br.) Fosberg & Sachet

N

End

No

5

-

Shrub

mei’e papa

-

5

Amaranthaceae

Amaranthus viridis L.

S

Pol

No

1

Nat

Herbaceous

-

upo‘oti’i

2

Bromeliaceae

Ananas comosus (L.) Merr.

N/S

Mod

Yes

1

Subsp

Herbaceous

-

-

3

Apiaceae

Anethum graveolens L.

N/S

Mod

Yes

2

Cult

Herbaceous

taretare

-

1

Marratiaceae

Angiopteris evecta (J.G. Forst.) Hoffm.

N/S

Ind

No

3

-

Fern

pa’ahei, puhei

pa’ahei

2

Annonaceae

Annona muricata L.

N/S

Mod

Yes

1

Subsp

Tree

-

-

4

Moraceae

Artocarpus altilis (Parkinson ex Z) Fosberg

N/S

Pol

Yes

1

Subsp

Tree

‘uru, maiore

‘uru

3

Plantaginaceae

Bacopa monnieri (L.) Wettst.

N

Ind

No

3

-

Herbaceous

heiotona

-

1

Lecythidaceae

Barringtonia asiatica (L.) Kurz

N

Ind

No

3

-

Tree

hutu

-

1

Bixaceae

Bixa orellana L.

N/S

Mod

Yes

3

Subsp

Shrub

roku, peni

roku, peni

1

Calophyllaceae

Calophyllum inophyllum L.

N/S

Pol

No

2

Nat

Tree

temanu

tamanu, temanu

10

Annonaceae

Cananga odorata (Lam.) Hook.f. & Thomson

N/S

Mod

Yes

1

Nat

Tree

moto’i

moto’i

4

Sapindaceae

Cardiospermum halicacabum L.

N

Pol

No

3

Adv

Vine

komoka

-

2

Caricaceae

Carica papaya L.

N/S

Mod

Yes

1

Nat

Shrub

-

-

1

Poaceae

Centotheca lappacea (L.) Desv.

S

Pol

No

3

Nat

Herbaceous

-

‘ohe’ohe

1

Apocynaceae

Cerbera manghas L.

N

Ind

No

3

-

Tree

‘eva

-

1

Poaceae

Chrysopogon zizanioides (L.) Roberty

N/S

Mod

Yes

2

Cult

Herbaceous

metie, mouku

mouku

8

Rutaceae

Citrus aurantiifolia (Christm. & Panz.) Swingle

N/S

Mod

Yes

1

Subsp

Shrub

hitoro

-

10

Rutaceae

Citrus hystrix DC.

N/S

Mod

Yes

3

Cult

Shrub

-

remene

5

Rutaceae

Citrus maxima (Burm.) Merr.

N

Mod

Yes

2

Cult

Shrub

-

-

2

Rutaceae

Citrus x sinensis (L.) Osbeck

N/S

Mod

Yes

3

Cult

Tree

anani

-

2

Arecaceae

Cocos nucifera L.

N/S

Pol

Yes

1

Nat

Tree

‘ehi

e’ehi

12

Rhamnaceae

Colubrina asiatica (L.) Brongn. var. asiatica

N/S

Ind

No

3

-

Vine

tutu

tutu

4

Commelinaceae

Commelina diffusa Burm.f.

N

Mod

No

1

Nat

Herbaceous

heiotona

-

1

Cordiaceae

Cordia subcordata Lam.

N/S

Ind

Yes

2

-

Tree

tou

tou

1

Asparagaceae

Cordyline fruticosa (L.) A. Chev.

N/S

Pol

Yes

1

Nat

Shrub

‘auti

‘auti

2

Cucurbitaceae

Cucumis anguria L.

N

Mod

No

4

Nat

Vine

kokopa kira

-

1

Zingiberaceae

Curcuma longa L.

N/S

Pol

Yes

2

Subsp

Herbaceous

‘eka

‘ena, re’a

6

Cyperaceae

Cyperus mindorensis (Steud.) Huygh

N

Pol

No

1

Nat

Herbaceous

punie poko tava‘i’e, mutie

-

2

Fabaceae

Erythrina variegata L.

N

Pol

No

3

Nat

Tree

kenae

-

2

Euphorbiaceae

Euphorbia hirta L.

N

Mod

No

1

Nat

Herbaceous

heeheeamata, pokea, eaeamata

-

7

Euphorbiaceae

Euphorbia sachetiana (J. Florence) Govaerts

N/S

End

No

5

-

Shrublet

-

-

1

Gentianaceae

Fagraea berteroana A. Gray ex Benth. (syn. F. berteroana var. marquisensis Fosberg & Sachet) native form

N/S

Ind

No

4

-

Tree

pua ’enana

pua, pua ho’ovai ’enata

2

Gentianaceae

Fagraea berteroana A. Gray ex Benth. (syn. F. longituba M.L. Grant) introduced form

S

Mod

Yes

2

Cult

Tree

-

pua ho’ovai vaikeka’a

1

Moraceae

Ficus prolixa G. Forst. var. prolixa

N/S

Ind

No

3

-

Tree

aoa

aoa

2

Rubiaceae

Gardenia jasminoides Ellis

N

Mod

Yes

2

Cult

Shrub

taina

-

2

Rubiaceae

Gardenia taitensis DC.

N/S

Pol

Yes

1

Cult

Shrub

Tia’e, tiare

tiare

10

Malvaceae

Gossypium hirsutum var. taitense (Parl.) Roberty

N

Ind

No

4

-

Shrub

haha’avai

-

2

Malvaceae

Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L.

S

Pol

Yes

1

Subsp

Shrub

-

‘oute pupu

3

Convolvulaceae

Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.

N/S

Pol

Yes

1

Cult

Vine

-

‘uma’a

2

Convolvulaceae

Ipomoea pes-caprae subsp. brasiliensis (L.) Ooststr.

N

Ind

No

3

-

Vine

pohue tatahi

-

1

Oleaceae

Jasminum grandiflorum L.

N/S

Mod

Yes

1

Cult

Vine

pitate

pitate

6

Fabaceae

Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit

N

Mod

No

1

Nat

Shrub

-

-

1

Euphorbiaceae

Manihot esculenta Crantz

N

Mod

Yes

1

Cult

Shrublet

ara

-

6

Lamiaceae

Mentha spp.

N/S

Mod

Yes

1

Cult

Herbaceous

mati

mati

18

Polypodiaceae

Microsorum grossum (Langsd. & Fisch.) S.B. Andrews

N/S

Ind

No

2

-

Fern

papamoko, metuapua’a

papamo’o

7

Rubiaceae

Morinda citrifolia L.

N/S

Ind

No

1

-

Shrub

noni

noni, nono

7

Fabaceae

Mucuna sloanei Fawc. & Rendle var. sloanei

N

Ind

No

3

-

Vine

‘auto’u

papanuiaohe

3

Musaceae

Musa x paradisiaca L.

S

Pol

Yes

1

Cult

Herbaceous

-

-

1

Lamiaceae

Ocimum basilicum L.

N/S

Mod

Yes

1

Nat

Shrublet

miri, mini, miri keka’a

miri

8

Convolvulaceae

Operculina brownii Ooststr.

N

Ind

No

4

-

Vine

piatakiohoau

-

1

Cactaceae

Opuntia cochenillifera (L.) Mill.

N

Mod

Yes

2

Cult

Shrub

-

-

1

Pandanaceae

Pandanus tectorius Parkinson ex Z var. tectorius

N/S

Ind

No

3

-

Tree

hinako

hinano

5

Passifloraceae

Passiflora foetida L.

S

Mod

No

2

Nat

Vine

-

pu’u moina

2

Lauraceae

Persea americana Mill.

N

Mod

Yes

1

Subsp

Tree

-

-

1

Phyllanthaceae

Phyllanthus amarus Schumach. & Thonn.

N/S

Mod

No

1

Nat

Herbaceous

moemoe

‘au’iki, tuitui

2

Solanaceae

Physalis angulata L.

S

Pol

No

2

Adv

Herbaceous

-

kariri

2

Lamiaceae

Plectranthus scutellarioides (L.) R.Br.

N/S

Mod

Yes

1

Cult

Shrublet

terevete

terevete

1

Apocynaceae

Plumeria spp.

N/S

Mod

Yes

1

Cult

Shrub

tipanie

tipanie

1

Araliaceae

Polyscias scutellaria (Burm.f.) Fosberg

S

Mod

Yes

1

Cult

Shrub

-

kafeie

1

Lamiaceae

Premna serratifolia L.

N/S

Ind

Yes

1

-

Shrub

va‘ova’o

‘avaro, va‘ova’o

6

Myrtaceae

Psidium guajava L.

N/S

Mod

No

2

Nat

Shrub

tuava

-

2

Apocynaceae

Rauvolfia nukuhivensis (Fosberg & Sachet) Lorence & Butaud

N

End

No

5

-

Tree

tu’eiao

-

11

Brassicaceae

Rorippa sarmentosa (Sol. ex G. Forst. ex DC.) J.F. Macbr.

N/S

Pol

No

1

Nat

Herbaceous

mahimahi

mahimahi

1

Poaceae

Saccharum officinarum L.

N/S

Pol

Yes

2

Cult

Herbaceous

-

-

4

Santalaceae

Santalum insulare var. marchionense (Skottsb.) Skottsb.

N/S

End

No

4

-

Tree

puahi, ahi

puahi

7

Sapindaceae

Sapindus saponaria L.

N/S

Ind

No

2

-

Tree

koku’u

koku’u

3

Asteraceae

Sigesbeckia orientalis L.

N/S

Pol

Yes

2

Nat

Herbaceous

niou

niou, riou

2

Anacardiaceae

Spondias dulcis Sol. ex Parkinson

N

Mod

Yes

2

Cult

Tree

vi farani

-

1

Myrtaceae

Syzygium malaccense (L.) Merr. & L.M. Perry

N/S

Pol

Yes

2

Nat

Tree

‘ahi’a, kehika

Kehi’a, kehi’a ‘enata, kehika

2

Malvaceae

Thespesia populnea (L.) Sol. ex Corrêa

N/S

Ind

No

2

-

Tree

miro, mi’o

mi’o

4

Orchidaceae

Vanilla x tahitensis J.W. Moore

S

Mod

Yes

2

Subsp

Vine

-

-

1

Poaceae

Zea mays L.

N

Mod

Yes

3

Cult

Herbaceous

-

-

1

Zingiberaceae

Zingiber officinale Roscoe

S

Mod

Yes

2

Cult

Herbaceous

re’a blanc

1

Zingiberaceae

Zingiber zerumbet (L.) Sm.

N/S

Pol

No

3

Nat

Herbaceous

kopuhi, ‘opuhi

‘opuhi

5