Table 2 Number of papers that identify different adaptation strategies
From: Gendered traditional agroecological knowledge in agri-food systems: a systematic review
Adopted by women | Biodiversity loss | Use crop residues, weeds, ashes and manure as fertilizers, shrubs are planted near the house to reduce soil depletion and are used as living fences to protect from predators [76] Gathering practices (i.e. wild plants) [99] Decision-making including environmental practices and livelihood strategies [121] |
Knowledge erosion | Informal institutions to transfer knowledge and practices from one generation to another [74] Informal networks developed by women farmers linking other women to share knowledge[43] | |
Adopted by men | Biodiversity loss | Adaptive strategies of mobility, diversification, selection, communal pooling, and forecasting allows adaptation to climate variability [50] |
Knowledge erosion | – | |
No gender specified | Biodiversity loss | The role of companion trees in generating favourable microclimatic conditions as a strategy for climate change adaptation and mitigation [30] Traditional soil and water conservation techniques for semi-arid and Mediterranean environments [57] Traditional agroforestry practices saving multipurpose trees to promote soil moisture resilience, impact mulching, and provide microhabitats [103] Famers’ agroecological knowledge and cropping strategies [62] |
Knowledge erosion | The social group as a community incorporate new practices/technologies, generate hybrid knowledge suggesting local capacity for socio-ecological resilience [69] Initiatives that seek the scaling-up and scaling-out of agroecology through the digital common’s movement [12] |