Table 3 Methods of use for reported medicinal plants

1

Acorus calamus

Root, stem, leaf

Decocted in water, chew

Oral

D,R,M

Abdominal pain (29), cold (11), detumescence (36)

2

Alocasia cucullata

whole plant

Decocted in water with brown sugar

Oral

C

Heart disease (70)

3

Areca catechu

Flower

Decocted in water

Oral

E

Diabetes (62)

4

Argyreia osyrensis var. cinerea Hand.-Mazz

Root

Decocted in water

Oral, external washing

G

Irregular menstruation (12), mastitis (8), uterine prolapse (9)

5

Argyreia pierreana

Root

Decocted in water

Oral, external washing

G

Irregular menstruation (13), mastitis (17), uterine prolapse (16), prolapse of anus (5)

6

Artemisia annua

Root, leaf

Decocted in brown sugar water

Oral

D

Dysentery (51)

7

Bombax ceiba

Leaf, skin of fruit

Pounded

Eternal application

M

Fracture (20)

8

Buddleja officinalis

Flower, leaf

Decocted in water

Oral

R,O

Cough (49), asthma (23), eye disease (26), pharyngitis (105)

9

Callerya cinerea

Root, stem

Decocted in water

Oral

C,G,M

Stimulating blood circulation (69), detumescence (83), irregular menstruation (37)

10

Camellia sinensis

Leaf

Infused in water, cook

Oral

D,R,C

Abdominal distension (56), cold (89), cough (94), enteritis (39), heat clearing and detoxification (121), pharyngitis (67)

11

Chloranthus spicatus

whole plant

Decocted in water, pounded

Oral, external application

M,I

Detumescence (15), rheumatism (22), fracture (23)

12

Clerodendrum bungei

Root

Decocted in water

Oral

I,A

Rheumatism (16), analgesia (48)

13

Cryptocoryne crispatula var. yunnanensis

whole plant

Decocted in water

Oral

M,I,D

Detumescence (17), rheumatism (19), enteritis (29), stomachache (12)

14

Curculigo capitulata

Root

Decocted in water

Oral

A,I

Analgesia (24), rheumatism (28)

15

Curcuma phaeocaulis

whole plant

Decocted in water

Oral

D,I,M

Rheumatism (11), abdominal distension (30), detumescence (21)

16

Cyanotis arachnoidea

whole plant

Cook with pork

Oral

I

Rheumatism (33)

17

Dactylicapnos scandens

Root

Decocted in water

Oral

C

Anemia (40)

18

Datura metel

whole plant

Pounded

Eternal application

A,M

Analgesia (45), fracture (31), detumescence (25)

19

Duhaldea cappa

whole plant

Decocted in water

Oral

Gs

Cystitis (21)

20

Eclipta prostrata

whole plant

Decocted in water

Oral

D

Abdominal pain (89)

21

Elaeis guineensis

Fruit

Decocted in water

Oral

E

Diabetes (18)

22

Eleutherococcus trifoliatus

whole plant

Decocted in water, cook

Oral or external application

R

Parotitis (65)

23

Entada phaseoloides

Seed

Pounded

External application

O

Sore (23)

24

Fissistigma polyanthum

Stem

Infused in water, Decocted in water

Oral, external application

D,M

Invigorating spleen (9), stimulating blood circulation (27), detumescence (12), fracture (21)

25

Flemingia macrophylla

Root

Decocted in water

Oral

G

Irregular menstruation (20)

26

Gelsemium elegans

Root

Infused in water

External washing

O,M

Sore, (23) detumescence (25)

27

Helwingia japonica

whole plant

Decocted in water, pounded

Oral, external application

M,C

Fracture (33), stimulating blood circulation (43), detumescence (32)

28

Homalomena pendula

Root, stem

Infused in water, Decocted in water

Oral

R,I

Fever (40), tuberculosis (24), bronchitis (29)

29

Houttuynia cordata

whole plant

Infused in water

External washing

O,R,I

Cold (87), cough (142), fever (39), sore (141)

30

Iteadaphne caudata

Root, leaf, bark

Decocted in water, powdered, pounded

Oral, external application

A,M

Analgesia (15), hemostasis (10), detumescence (9), fracture (8)

31

Justicia adhatoda

Bark, Branch

Pounded

Eternal application

A,M

Fracture (12), analgesia (19), cough (10)

32

Leonurus japonicus

whole plant

Decocted in water, infused in water

Oral, external washing

G

Irregular menstruation (117)

33

Lobelia clavata

Root

Infused in water, Decocted in water and liquor

Oral

R,M,I

Parotitis (22), detumescence (28), rheumatism (12)

34

Mahonia bealei

Root

Decocted in water

Oral

C

Heat clearing and detoxification (34)

35

Mappianthus iodoides

whole plant

Decocted in water

Oral

C

Heart disease (34)

36

Mirabilis jalapa

Root

Decocted in water

Oral

Gs

Prostatitis (25)

37

Phyllanthus emblica

Fruit, stem

Decocted in water

Oral

D,R,C

Pharyngitis (143), abdominal distension (56), abdominal pain (92), cough (120), heat clearing and detoxification (87)

38

Phyllanthus reticulatus

Fruit

Decocted in water

Oral

E

Diabetes (57)

39

Piper boehmeriifolium

whole plant

Decocted in water

Oral

R,D,G,M

Cold (8), detumescence (12), rheumatism (3), stomachache(9), dysmenorrhea (5)

40

Plantago asiatica

Whole plant

Decocted in water

Oral

Gs,R,C

Urinary retention (11), leucorrhea (37), hematuria (21), cough (7), pharyngitis (12), heat clearing and detoxification (32)

41

Pogostemon glaber

whole plant

Decocted in water

Oral

D

Enteritis(36)

42

Premna szemaoensis

Root, bark

Decocted in water, powdered

Oral, external application

C,A,M,I

Stimulating blood circulation (97), analgesia (69), hemostasis (78), fracture (97), detumescence (97), rheumatism (26)

43

Psidium guajava

Leaf, fruit

Decocted in brown sugar water, pounded

Oral, external application

D,M,A

Enteritis(29), dysentery (11), detumescence (21), hemostasis (23)

44

Rubus ellipticus Smith var. obcordatus

Root

Decocted in water

Oral

D,I

Diarrhea (41), enteritis (34), dysentery (15), rheumatism (22)

45

Sambucus adnata

Whole plant

Decocted in water

Oral

Gs,I,M

Nephritis (12), rheumatism (9), fracture (21)

46

Saurauia napaulensis

Skin of fruit

Decocted in water

Oral, external application

M,A

Detumescence (6), fracture (6), hemostasis (3)

47

Schizomussaenda henryi

Bark

Decocted in water

Oral

R,C

Pharyngitis (42), heat clearing and detoxification (64)

48

Selaginella pulvinata

whole plant

Infused in water

Oral

G

Dystocia (17)

49

Stephania epigaea

Leaf

Powdered

Oral

D

Stomachache (96)

50

Strobilanthes cusia

Root, leaf

Decocted in water

Oral

R,D,C,I

Parotitis (10), amygdalitis (59), stomatitis (21), dysentery (32), heat clearing and detoxification (52)

51

Syzygium globiflorum

Bark

Decocted in water

Oral

D

Food poisoning (98)

52

Tadehagi triquetrum

Root

Decocted in water

Oral

E

Diabetes (41)

53

Tetrastigma hemsleyanum

Root

Infused in liquor, powdered

Oral, external application

I,A,C

Analgesia (10), hemostasis (12), stimulating blood circulation (15), detumescence (14), fracture (8)

54

Thunia alba

whole plant

Decocted in water, pounded

Oral, external application

I,M,R

Detumescence (21), cough (39), rheumatism (23), fracture (41)

55

Trachycarpus fortunei

Root

Decocted in water

Oral

E

Diabetes (7)

56

Urena lobata

Root

Decocted in water

Oral

R,A,I

Cold (12), hemostasis (17), rheumatism (9), heat clearing and detoxification (14)

57

Verbena officinalis

Whole plant

Decocted in water

Oral

R,I

Cold (80), fever (80)

58

Vernonia parishii

Root

Decocted in water

Oral

G,I,D

Postpartum care (9), rheumatism (18), hepatitis (12)

59

Wahlenbergia marginata

Whole plant

Decocted in water

Oral

D

Stomachache (51)

60

Zingiber officinale

Root and stem

Pounded, cook

Oral, external application

R,D,M,C

Cold (145), cough (96), asthma (60), abdominal distension (78), detumescence (87), fracture (102), abdominal pain (42), pharyngitis (89), heat clearing and detoxification (116)