Table 4 Pesticides used in crop fields where edible insects are collected by the surveyed consumer people
Main usec | Commercial name | Active ingredient | Chemical classa | Toxicological classb | Department | Study area (%) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Alibori (N = 2) | Atacora (N = 76) | Plateau (N = 41) | Zou (N = 46) | ||||||
Insecticide | Sunpyrifos 48% EC | Chloropyriphos-Ethyl (480 g/l) | OP | II | – | 21 | 16 | 2 | 12.7 |
Cotonix 328 EC | Deltamethrin (12 g/L) + Chlorpyriphos-Ethyl (300 g/L) + Acetamiprid (16 g/L) | Pyr + OP + Neo | III | – | 23 | 3 | 2 | 9.1 | |
Shark | Deltamethrin1% + trizophos 35% EC | Pyr + OP | II | – | 8 | 5 | 6 | 6.2 | |
Lambdacal P 214 EC | Lambda-Cyhalothrin 12 g/l + Profenofos 200 g/l | Pyr + OP | II | – | – | – | 12 | 3.9 | |
Pacha 25 EC | Lambda-Cyhalothrin 15 g/l + Acetamiprid 10 g/l | Pyr + Neo | II | – | – | – | 9 | 2.9 | |
BaseLine | Bifenthrin 23.4% | Pyr | II | – | 6 | – | – | 1.9 | |
Manco 80 WP | Mancozeb 800 g/kg | DTCs | U | – | – | – | 3 | 0.9 | |
Thalis 56 EC | Emamectin Benzoate 24 g/l + Acetamiprid 32 g/l | Neo + Ave | II | – | – | – | 2 | 0.7 | |
Thunder 145 Q-TFQ | Beta-cyfluthrin (45 g/L) + Imidacloprid (100 g/L) | Pyr + Neo | Ib + II | – | – | 2 | – | 0.7 | |
Cypercal 50 EC | Cypermethrin 50 g/L | Pyr | II | – | – | – | 1 | 0.3 | |
TopBio | Azadirachtin | Azadirachtins | U | – | – | – | 1 | 0.3 | |
Pirpro | Pyriproxyfen 10 g/l | Pyr | III | – | 2 | – | 2 | 1.3 | |
Insecticide/Acaricide | Acarius 018 EC | Abamectine 18 g/l | Ave | Ib | – | – | – | 14 | 4.6 |
Herbicide | Nicomais 40 SC | Nicosulfuron 40 g/l | Pyr | III | – | – | 1 | 36 | 12.1 |
Kalach Extra 70 SG | Glyphosate 700 g/l | OP | III | 2 | 27 | 1 | 9.8 | ||
Herbextra 720 SL | 2.4- Sel de D diméthylamine 720 g/l | Ary | II | – | 6 | 17 | 5 | 9.1 | |
Glycel 710 SG | Glyphosate 710 g/kg | OP | II | – | 9 | 8 | – | 5.6 | |
Slasher weedkiller | Nonanoic acid 525 g/l | OP | III | – | – | 12 | 5 | 5.6 | |
Adwuma Wura 480 SL | Glyphosate 480 g/l | OP | III | – | 7 | 8 | – | 4.9 | |
Atrazine 80 WP | Atrazine 800 g/L | T | III | – | – | – | 12 | 3.9 | |
Killer 480 SL | Glyphosate 480 g/l | OP | III | – | 6 | – | – | 1.9 | |
Finish 68 SG | Glyphosate 680 g/kg | OP | III | – | – | – | 2 | 0.7 | |
Faaba Soja 100 SL | Imazethapyr 100 g/l | Imidazolinones | III | – | – | 1 | – | 0.3 | |
Fungicide | Idefix WP | Cuprous oxide 65,5% | CU | II | – | – | – | 1 | 0.3 |
Compass 50 WG | Trifloxystrobin 50% | Pyr | U | – | 1 | – | – | 0.3 | |