Ethnomedicinal plants in Champadevi rural municipality, Okhaldhunga district, Nepal

Karki, Deepa; Khadka, Dipak; Kunwar, Ripu Mardhan; Aryal, Prakash Chandra; Paudel, Hem Raj; Bhatta, Sijar; Shi, Shi

doi:10.1186/s13002-023-00627-y

Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine

Table 2 Medicinal plant recorded with Family, scientific name, habit, parts, used, mode of use, FC and RFC

From: Ethnomedicinal plants in Champadevi rural municipality, Okhaldhunga district, Nepal

Family	Scientific name	Local name	Habit	Parts used	Mode of use	Ailments	FC	RFC	Voucher code
Acanthaceae	Justicia adhatoda L	Asuro	Shrub	Leaves	Raw, powder	Body pain, cough, asthma, tuberculosis, headache, fever, pneumonia	26	0.116	2022001
Agaricacaeae	Agaricus campestris L	Chate Cyau	Herb	Whole plant	cooking, eating	Blood pressure, liver disorders, diabetes	15	0.067	2022002
Amaranthaceae	Achyranthes bidenata Blume	Dativan	Shrub	Stem, leaves	Chewing	Tooth		0.031	2022003
Amaranthaceae	Amaranthus viridis L	Latte saag	Herb	Leaves	Cooking, eating	Body pain, urinary disorders, fever, asthma, liver, eye disorders	3	0.013	2022004
Amaranthaceae	Alternanthera sessilis (L.) DC	Bhirangi jhar	Herb	leaves	Juice, paste eating	Fever, wound	1	0.004	2022005
Amaryllidaceae	Allium ascalonicum L	Chyapi	Herb	Leaves	Soup drinking	Pain relief	6	0.027	2022006
Amaryllidaceae	Allium sativum L	Lasun	Herb	Bulb, leaves	boil with water, dried	High blood pressure, liver disorders, dysentry, intestinal worms, tuberculosis, diabetes, fever, gastric, common cold	200	0.893	2022007
Amaryllidaceae	Allium cepa L	Pyaj	Herb	Bulb leaves	Paste	Headache, hair growth	45	0.201	2022008
Amaryllidaceae	Crinum amoenum Roxb	Hare lasun	Herb	Leaves, bulb	Eating	Stomach, gastric	37	0.165	2022009
Amaryllidaceae	Zephyranthes candida Herb	Seto pyaj	Herb	Bulb leaves	Eating	Indigestion, gastric	4	0.018	2022010
Anacardiaceae	Spondias pinnata (L.f.) Kurz	Amaro	Tree	Fruit	Eating	Vomiting	1	0.004	2022011
Anacardiaceae	Mangifera indica L	Ampa	Tree	Leaves	Eating, paste	Stomach ache, fever	23	0.103	2,022,012
Anacardiaceae	Choerospondias axillaris (Roxb.) B.L. Brutt. &A.W. Hill	Lapsi	Tree	Seed	Burning seed powder	Burning wound	1	0.004	2022013
Apiaceae	Centella asiatica (L) Urb	Ghod tapre	Herb	Leaves	Eating	Uterus, urine infection, body pain, Upt	17	0.076	2022014
Apiaceae	Cuminum cyminum L	Jira	Herb	Seed	Raw	Common cold, fever, headache, stomach ache	34	0.152	2022015
Araceae	Colocasia antiqorum Schott.var.esculenta	Karkalo	Shrub	Whole plant	Cooking, eating	Diarrhea, body ache, iron	1	0.004	2022016
Araceae	Acorus calamus L	Bojho	Herb	Rhizome	Raw	Common cold, fever, headache, stomach ache	47	0.21	2022017
Asclepidaceae	Calotropis gigantea (L.) Dryand	Ank	Shrub	Stem, leaves, flower	Leaves milk eating	Diarrhea, constipation, stomach ache	1	0.004	2022018
Asclepidaceae	Marsdenia tinctoria R.Br	Kali lahara	Climber	leaves, flower	Eating	Pneumonia	1	0.004	2022019
Aspidiaceae	Dryopteris cochleta (D.Don) C. Chr	Nyuro	Herb	Leaves	Eating	Pneumonia	12	0.054	2022020
Aspidiaceae	Dryoathyrium boryanum (Willd.) Ching	Kalo Nyuro	Herb	Leaves	Eating	Pneumonia	1	0.004	2022021
Aspidiaceae	Athyrium filix-femina (L.) Roth ex Mert	Unyu	Herb	Leaves	Cooking, eating	Breathing problems, cough, digestive	2	0.009	2022022
Asteraceae	Artemisia indica Willd	Titepati	Herb	Whole plant	Juice, powder, paste	Malaria, cutting wound, headache	202	0.902	2022023
Asteraceae	Ageratum conyzoides L	Gandhe jhar	Herb	Leaves	Paste using	Infection, allergy	6	0.027	2022039
Barberidaceae	Berberis aristata DC	Chutro	Shrub	Leaves	Paste	Eye problem, jaundice	5	0.022	2022024
Basellaceae	Basella alba L	Lahare saag	Climber	Leaves, flower	Cooking	Body pain, kidney	1	0.004	2022025
Begoniaceae	Begonia picta Sm	Magar kanchi	Herb	Leaves, flower	Paste	Cutting wound, burn	2	0.009	2022026
Bombacacea	Bombax ceiba L	Simal	Tree	Bark	Powder paste using	Typhoid, Pneumonia	3	0.013	2022027
Brassicaceae	Nasturtium officinale R,Br	Sime jhar	Herb	Leaves	Eating	Immune system	1	0.004	2022028
Bromeliaceae	Ananas comosus (L.) Merr	Bhuikatar	Herb	Leaves, fruit	Eating	Vitamin C, immunity	4	0.018	2022029
Cannabaceae	Cannabis sativa L	Ganja	Herb	Leaves	Raw, powder, boiling with water	Pain relief, depression, asthma, diarrhoea	3	0.013	2022030
Cannabaceae	Carica papaya L	Meva	Shrub	Fruit	Fruit	Skin, cancer, good for body, increased blood	6	0.027	2022031
Caryophyllaceae	Drymaria diandra Blume	Abijalo	Herb	Whole plant	Eating	Jaundice, fever	3	0.013	2022032
Chenopodiaceae	Chenopodium album L	Bethe saag	Herb	Leaves	Cooking, eating	Digestion, body pain	14	0.063	2022033
Chenopodiaceae	Spinacia oleracea L	Palungo	Herb	Leaves	Cooking, eating	Stomach ache, indigestion	29	0.129	2022034
Combretaceae	Terminalia chebula Retz	Harro	Tree	Fruit	Boil with water, powder	Fever, tothee	39	0.174	2022035
Combretaceae	Terminalia bellirica (Gaertn.) Roxb	Barro	Herb	Fruit	Powder	Infection, cough, fever, liver, sore throat	35	0.156	2022036
Compositae	Tagetes erecta L	Sayapatri	Shrub	Flower	Powder with water	Intestinal worms, dysentery, fever, pneumonia	5	0.022	2022037
Compositae	Guizotia abyssinica (L.f.) Cass	Philinge	herb	Leaves, flower	Eating	Cough	1	0.004	2022038
Convolvulaceae	Cuscuta reflexa Roxb	Akasveli	Climber	Whole plant	Paste using juice	Jaundice, body pain, cough	21	0.094	2022040
Coriariaceae	Coriaria nepalensis Wall	Machine	Shrub	Leaves	Paste	Fracture	7	0.031	2022041
Cruciferae	Brassica juncea (L.) Czern	Rayo saag	Herb	Leaves	Cooking, eating	Body pain	15	0.067	2022042
Cruciferae	Raphanus sativus L	Mula	Herb	Root	Eating	Indigestion, gastric	15	0.067	2022043
Cruciferae	Lepidium didymium L	Chamsur	Herb	Leaves	CookingEating	Body pain	27	0.121	2022044
Cucurbitaceae	Cucurbita Pipo L	Pharsi	Climber	Fruit	Cooking, eating	Jaundice	16	0.071	2022045
Cucurbitaceae	Cucumis sativus L	Kakro	Climber	Fruit	Eating	Jaundice	9	0.04	2,022,046
Cucurbitaceae	Momordica charantia L	Titekarela	Climber	Fruit	Eating	Blood pressure	17	0.076	2022047
Cupressaceae	Cupressus torulosa D. Don	Dhupi	Shrub	Leaves	Smelling, using paste	Headache	1	0.004	2022048
Davalliaceae	Nephrolepis cordifolia (L) Presl	Pani Amala	Herb	Fruit	Eating	Cough, digestion, tonsil	2	0.009	2022049
Ericaceae	Lyonia ovalifolia (Wall.) Drude	Angeri pat	Tree	Leaves	Paste	Burning wounds, cutting wounds	9	0.04	2022050
Ericaceae	Rhododendron barbatum Wall. ex G. Don	Laligurans	Tree	Flower	Eating, powder with water	Throat problem, dysentry, diarrhea, asthma, constipation	21	0.094	2022051
Euphorbiaceae	Phyllanthus emblica L	Amala	Tree	Leaves, fruit	Using paste, eating	Tonsil, vitamin C	55	0.246	2022052
Euphorbiaceae	Euphorbia hirta L	Dudhe Jhar	Herb	Flower	Eating	Dysentery, jaundice	1	0.004	2022053
Fagaceae	Quercus semecarpifolia Sm	Banjh	Tree	Bark	Paste	Fracture	37	0.165	2022054
Gentiaanaceae	Swertia chirayita (Roxb.) H.Karst	Chiraito	Herb	Whole plant	Raw, using paste, powder, boiling with water	Fever, typhoid, blood pressure, diarrhea, dysentery, stomach ache	55	0.246	2022055
Gramineae	Eleusine coracana (L.)Gaertn	Kodo	Herb	Seed	Cooking with water and drinking	Bones, iron, chickenpox	5	0.022	2022056
Gramineae	Saccharum officinarum L	Ukhu	Shrub	Stem	Chewing	Urinary infections, jaundice	4	0.018	2022057
Gramineae	Triticum aestivum L	Gahu	Shrub	Leaves	Milky leaves	Blood pressure	2	0.009	2022058
Labiatae	Ocimum basilicum L	Tulasi	Herb	Leaves	Eating, powder with water	Coughs, dysentery, diarrhea, fever, common cold	187	0.835	2022059
Labiatae	Mentha arvensis L	Pudina	Herb	Whole plant	Paste, powder, boiling with water	Common cold, headache, fever	67	0.299	2022060
Labiatae	Mentha piperita L	Babari	Herb	Whole plant	Powder, boil powder with water	Vomiting, common cold, headache	17	0.076	2022061
Labiatae	Perilla frutesxens (L.) Britton	Silam	Tree	Seed	Eating	Intestinal worms, vomtiing, common cold, coughs	17	0.076	2022062
Labiatae	Pogostemonplectranthoids Desf	Rudilo	Herb	Whole plant	Paste	Allergy, cutting, wound	197	0.879	2022097
Lauraceae	Lindera neesiana (Wall. ex Nees) Kurz	Siltimur	Tree	Seed	Boiling with water and drinking	Headache, tooth pain, gastric, diarrhea, stomach ache	21	0.094	2022063
Lauraceae	Cinnamomum zeylanicum Breyn	Dalchini	Tree	Bark	Eating, boiling with water, and drinking	Diarrhea, gastric, depression, stomach aches, blood pressure, headache	9	0.04	2022064
Lauraceae	Litsea monopetala (Roxb. ex Baker) Pers	Kutmiro	Tree	bark, root	Paste	Fracture	1	0.004	2022065
Lauraceae	Cinnammomum camphora (L.) J.Presl	Kapur	Tree	Leaves	Eating, juice	Relief pain, common cold, eye problem	9	0.04	2022066
Lauraceae	Persea Americana Mill	Avocados	Tree	Fruit	Eating	Blood pressure, skin, coughs, dysentery	1	0.004	2022067
Lauraceae	Cinnamomum tamala (Buch.-Ham.) Ness & Eberm	Tejpat	Tree	Leaves	Paste, raw	Fever	23	0.103	2022068
Lecythidaceae	Carea arborea Roxb	Kyamuno	Tree	bark	Paste	Cutting wound	1	0.004	2022069
Leguminosae	Trigonella foenum-graecum L	Methi	Herb	Leaves	Eating	Fever, constipation, gastric body pain	30	0.134	2022070
Leguminosae	Calopogonium mucumoides Desv	Gahate Jhar	Herb	Leaves	Paste using	Stomach ache, bacterial infection, diarrhea	1	0.004	2022071
Leguminosae	Bauhinia variegata L	Koiralo	Herb	Flower	Soup drinking	Diarrhea, stomach ache	2	0.009	2022072
Leguminosae	Butea minor Buch.-Ham.ex Baker	Bhuletro	Shrub	Flower	Eating	Headache	1	0.004	2022073
Leguminosae	Dolochos lablab L	Simi	Climber	Leaves	Eating	Skin allergy	12	0.054	2022074
Leguminosae	Acacia catechu (L.f) Willd	Khayar	Tree	Leaves	Eating	Diarrhea, body pain	2	0.009	2022075
Leguminosae/Febaceae	Mimosa pudica L	Buhari Jhar	Herb	Leaves, root	Eating	Fever, urinary infections	4	0.018	2022076
Liliaceae	Asparagus racemosus Wall	kurilo	Herb	Stem	Eating	Pain, swelling, vitamin, milk problem in women	36	0.161	2022077
Liliaceae	Allium hyposistum Stearn	Jimbo	Herb	Leaves	Eating	Common cold, fever, body pain	7	0.031	2022078
Liliaceae	Aloe vera (L.) Burm.f	Ghuikumari	Herb	Whole plant	Leaf	Burning wound, good for skin, hair, allergy, diabetes, diarrhea	37	0.165	2022079
Liliaceae	Paris polyphylla Sm	Satuwa	Herb	Leaves	Eating	Snake bites	1	0.004	2022080
Loranthaceae	Viscum articulatum Burm.f	Hadchur	Tree	Leaves	Paste	Fracture, body pain	3	0.013	2022081
Lythraceae	Woodfordia fruticosa (L.) Kurz	Dhayero	Tree	Flower	Eating	Dysentery, diarrhea	7	0.031	2022082
Malvaceae	Sida cordifolia L	Balu jhar	Herb	Leaves	Eating	Common cold, urinary infection, intestinal worms, coughs	3	0.013	2022083
Meliaceae	Azadirachta indica A. Juss	Nim	Tree	Leaves, bark	Boiling with water and drinking	Intestinal worms, blood pressure, fever, common cold	43	0.192	2022084
Meliaceae	Melia azederach L	Bakaino	Tree	Leaves, bark	Eating	Intestinal worms	28	0.125	2022085
Menispermaceae	Tinospora cordifolia (Willd.)Miers	Gurjo	Climber	Stem	Dried, boiling with water	Dysentery, fever, common cold, fever, digestion, stomach ache, pressure, skin disease, diarrhea	168	0.75	2022087
Menispermaceae	Stephania japonica (Thunb.) Miers	Batule Paat	Climber	Leaves	Eating	Mensuration, heavy bleeding	1	0.004	2022088
Moraceae	Artocarpus integr (Thunb.) Merr	Rukh Kathar	Tree	Fruit	Eating	Immune system/weakness	5	0.022	2022089
Moraceae	Ficus lacor Buch-Ham	Kabhro	Tree	Leaves	Juice, paste eating	Gastric, fever	9	0.04	2022090
Moraceae	Ficus religiosa L	Pipal	Tree	Leaves	Raw	Headache	9	0.04	2022091
Musaceae	Musa paradisiaca L	Kera	tree	Fruit	Eating	Constipation	8	0.036	2022092
Myrtaceae	Syzigium aromaticum (L.) Merr. & Perry	Lwang	Tree	Flower	Raw	Immune system, asthma, pain, tooth problem	47	0.21	2022093
Myrtaceae	Psidium guajava L	Amba	Tree	Bark, leaves, fruit, flower	Powder boiling with water, paste	Cough, dysentery, pain relief, diabetes, diarrhoea, intestinal worm	60	0.268	2022094
Myricaceae	Myrica esculenta Buch.-Ham.ex D. Don	Kaphal	Tree	Fruit	Eating	Diarrhea, fever, throat disorder	7	0.031	2022095
Myristiccaeae	Myristica fragrans Houtt	Jayaphal	Tree	Seed, fruit	Eating	Stomach ache, indigestion, common cold, fever	21	0.094	2022096
Oleaceae	Nyctanthes arbor-tristis L	Parijaat	Tree	Leaves	Paste	Fever, touncil	23	0.103	2022098
Oleaceae	Jasminum humile L	Jai	Shrub	Leaves, flower	Juice, paste eating	Tonsil, mouth infection	35	0.156	2022099
Orchidaceae	Dactylorhiza hatagirea (D. Don) So	Panc aule	Herb	Tube, root	Powder, paste	Indigestion, tooth problem	15	0.067	2022100
Oxalidaceae	Oxalis acetosella L	Chariamilo	Herb	Leaves	Paste	Diarrhea, snake bites, fever, stomach ache	28	0.125	2022101
Pedaliaceae	Sesamum indicum L	Til	Herb	Seed	Raw, paste, Juice	Hair, skin, allergy	7	0.031	2022102
Phyllanthaceae	Phyllanthus parvifolius Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don	Paineti	Shrub	Leaves stem	Juice	Menstrual, stomach ache		0.004	2022103
Pinaceae	Pinus roxburghii Sarg	Khote Salla	Tree	Bark	Bark gum	Digestive, liver	3	0.013	2022104
Piperaceae	Piper nigrum L	Marich	Climber	Flower	Boil with water	Menstrual pain, diarrhea, depression, cancer, stomach	50	0.223	2022105
Pittosporaceae	Pittosporum napaulense (DC.) Rehder et Wilson	Khorsnai	Tree	Bark	Paste	Injured, pain, fracture	24	0.107	2022106
Poaceae	Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers	Dubo	Herb	Leaves	Eating	Dysentery, diarrhea, headache	1	0.004	2022107
Poaceae	Imperata cylindrica (L.) P.Beauv	Siruphool	Herb	Leaves, flower	Juice, paste	Indigestion, diarrhoea, cutting wound	1	0.004	2022108
Polygonaceae	Fagopyrum esculentum Moench	Phapar	Herb	Seed, leaves	Eating	Body pain	3	0.013	2022109
Polygonaceae	Rheum webbianum Royle	Padamchal	Herb	Flower, leaf	Eating, using paste powder	Stomach ache, body pain, cutting, wound	4	0.018	2022110
Punicaceae	Punica granatm L	Anar	Tree	Fruit	Eating	Skin, unrine infection, digestive, wound	3	0.013	2022111
Rosaceae	Prunus persica (L.) Batsch	Aaru	Tree	Leaves, seed, fruit	Eating	Menstrual, digestion, h eal wound	4	0.018	2022112
Rosaceae	Rubus ellipticus Sm	Ainselu	Shrub	Leaves, root, fruit	Eating	Fever, cough, tonsil, pneumonia, chest pain	21	0.094	2022113
Rosaceae	Rosa alba L	Gulaph	Herb	Flower	Eating	Diarrhea, headache	5	0.022	2022114
Rosaceae	Pyrus communis L	Naspati	Tree	Fruit	Eating	Diabetes	1	0.004	2022115
Rosaceae	Prunus cerasoides D.Don	Painyu	Tree	Leaves	Eating paste	Fever, burning wound	3	0.013	2022116
Rubiaceae	Rubia manjith Roxb.ex fleming	Majitho	Herb	Leaves	Eating paste	Blood pressure, urine infection	7	0.031	2022117
Rubiaceae	Adina cordifolia (Roxb.) Brandis	karam	Tree	Leaf, bark	Eating	Stomach ache, fever, jaundice	1	0.004	2022118
Rutaceae	Aegle mammelos (L.) Corr	Bel	Tree	Leaves, bark, fruit, seed	Eating	Dysentery	1	0.004	2022119
Rutaceae	Citrus x limon (L.) Osbek	Nibuwa	Tree	Fruit	Eating	Sore throat, pressure, blood increase	15	0.067	2022120
Rutaceae	Citrus Sinensis (L.) Osbeck. Var. jungar	Junar	Tree	Fruit	Eating	Pain relief, headache, depression, indigestion	7	0.031	2022122
Rutaceae	Citrus aurantifokia (Christ).Swingle	Kagati	Shrub	Fruit	Raw, juice, boil with water	Common cold, relief, decrease fat, skin disease	46	0.205	2022123
Rutaceae	Zanthoxylum acanthopodium DC	Timur	Tree	Seed	Eating	Snake bites, stomach ache	25	0.112	2022124
Sapotaceae	Madhuca longifolia (Koenig) Mac	Mahuva	Tree	Flower	Powder, paste	Skin disease	1	0.004	2022125
Saxifragaceae	Bergenia ciliata (Haw.)Sternb	Pakhan bhed	Herb	Rhizome, leaf, flower	Eating	Menstrual, stomach ache, uterus	27	0.121	2022126
Solanaceae	Capsicum frutescens L. var. cerasiforme Bailey	Jyanmara khursani	Herb	Fruit	Eating	Gastric	34	0.152	2022127
Solanaceae	Capsicum annuum L	Khursani	Herb	Fruit	Eating	Indigestion, gastric	30	0.134	2022128
Solanaceae	Datura stramonium L	Dhaturo	Herb	Leaves	Eating	Intestinal worms, indigestion	2	0.009	2022129
Solanaceae	Solanum surattense Burm.f	Kanyakumari	Herb	Leaves	Eating, paste	Fever, diabetes, asthma, urine infection, tooth problem	1	0.004	2022130
Solanaceae	Capsium frutescens L. var. grossum Bailey	Vede Khorsani	Shrub	Fruit	Cooking	Gastric	1	0.004	2022131
Solanaceae	Lycopersicum esculentum Mill	Tamatar	Shrub	Fruit	Eating	Burning wound	5	0.022	2022132
Solanaceae	Solanum erianthum D.Don	Dhursul pati	Tree	Leaves	Eating, paste	Headache, cough	17	0.076	2022133
Theaceae	Schima Wallichii (DC.) Korth	Cilaune	Tree	Leaves, bark, stem	Paste	Cutting wound	3	0.013	2022134
Umbelliferae	Daucas carota L. var. satva DC	Gajar	Herb	Root	Eating	Intestinal worms, dysentery	2	0.009	2022135
Umbelliferae	Carum carvi L	Kalo jira	Herb	Seed	Raw	Fever, headache	5	0.022	2022136
Umbelliferae	Coriandrum sativum L	Dhaniya	Herb	Seed, leaves	Boil with water, powder	Headache, common cold	15	0.067	2022137
Umbelliferae	Foeniculum vulgare Mill	Madeshi Souf	Herb	Root, seed	Raw, boil with water, powder	Digestive, reproductive, body pain	57	0.254	2022138
Umbelliferae	Trachyspermum ammi (L.) Sprague	Jvano	Herb	Seed	Dry powder, boil with water	Diarrhea, stomach ache, common cold, fever, pain, immunity	56	0.25	2022139
Urticaceae	Urtica dioica L	Signup	Shrub	Leaves	Eating	High pressure, body pain, gastric, vitamin A jaundice	40	0.179	2022140
Valerianaceae	Valeriana jatamansii Jones	Sughandawal	Herb	Whole plant	Smelling, using paste	Depression, Headache	1	0.004	2022141
Verbenaceae	Premna integrifolia L	Gidari	Shrub	Bark, root, stem, leaves	Juice	Typhoid, stomach ache	12	0.054	2022142
Verbenaceae	Callicarpa macrophylla Vahl	Guyallo	Shrub	Eating	Fruit, flower	Pneumonia	5	0.022	2022143
Zingiberaceae	Zingiber officinale Rosc	Aduwa	Herb	Rhizome	Powder, pate, juice, boil with water	Diarrhea, dysentry, nausea, tonsil, common cold, gastric	203	0.906	2022144
Zingiberaceae	Curcuma angustifolia Rpxb	Besar/Haledo	Herb	Rhizome	Raw, boiling with water, powder with water	Diarrhea, dysentery, cutting wound, allergy, tonsil, fever, common cold, digestion	214	0.955	2022145
Zingiberaceae	Kaempferia rotunda L	Bhuin champa	Herb	Flower	Eating	Cancer, Swellings, Cuts,	1	0.004	2022146
Zingiberaceae	Costus speciosus (Koenig.) Sm	Betlauri	Shrub	Flower, bud, leaf	Eating	Fever, intestinal worm, urine infection	2	0.009	2022147
Zingiberaceae	Amomum subulatum Roxb	Alainchi	Tree	Fruit	Boil with water, milk, powder	Diarrhea, vomiting cough	45	0.201	2022148
Zingiberaceae	Curcuma caesia Roxb	Kalohaledo	Herb	Rhizome	Paste, boil with water, powder	Pneumonia, stomach ache, common cold, fever, headache	25	0.112	2022149
Zingiberaceae	Elettaria cardamomum Maton	Sukhmel	Tree	Fruit	Eating	Oral disease, asthma, diarrhea, kidney disorder	34	0.152	2022150

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