Table 5 Summary of LULC change in the period 1999–2020 in hectares

Forest area

45 (35.46%)

57.6 (45.39%)

70.2 (55.32%)

 + 56% (1.2 ha⁻¹)

Water bodies

8.1 (6.38%)

4.86 (3.83%)

5.76 (4.54%)

 − 28.88% (0.11 ha⁻¹)

Barren land

5.4 (4.26%)

4.95 (3.90%)

7.2 (5.67%)

 + 3.33% (0.08 ha⁻¹)

Settlement area

4.5 (3.55%)

8.1 (6.38%)

12.6 (9.93%)

 + 180% (0.38 ha⁻¹))

Agriculture land

14.04 (11.06%)

15.39 (12.13%)

9.54 (7.52%)

 − 32.05% (0.21 ha⁻¹)

Shrub land

49.86 (39.29%)

36 (28.37%)

21.6 (17.02%)

 − 56.67% (1.34 ha⁻¹)