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Table 5 Categories of use (#C), specific uses (#U), and mentioned indexed for each use #M) documented for the stingless bee in eight ethnic communities in Bhutan

From: Ethno-medicinal uses and cultural importance of stingless bees and their hive products in several ethnic communities of Bhutan

Categories of uses (#C)

Specific uses (#U)

Mentioned index(#M)

Food

Honey (H)

6

Pollen (P)

4

Medicine

Common cough and cold (H)

31

Stomach ulcer (H)

24

Pain due to injuries (H)

23

Conjunctivitis-applied (H)

22

Burns in skin or cut (H

23

Ringworms (H)

4

Tonsil (H)

7

Chickenpox (H)

4

Nausea/vomiting (E)

10

Pneumonia (H)

9

Gastritis (H)

12

Veterinary medicine

Food and mouth disease (H + P)

7

Necrosis (H)

4

Crafts

Resin as a sealing glue in pots (R)

6

Wax for manufacture candles (W)

5

Beliefs

Paste made up of entrance tube to protect from snake bite (E)

4

Amulets made up of entrance-tube paste to protect from the evil spirit (E)

15

Religious purpose

“Puran” ritual (H)

5

Ritual related to offering local deities (H)

3

“Satyanarayana puja” (H)

2

  1. For each medicinal use, the type of bee product used is provided in parentheses. E Entrance tube, H Honey; P Pollen; W Wax; R Resins