Table 2 The inventory of herbal tea plants used by local people in Southwest Guizhou, China

Acanthaceae

Dicliptera chinensis (L.) Juss

Whole plant

Herb

Streamside, Roadside

All year round

Decoction

Clear heat-toxin,

diuresis

–*

W

Altingiaceae

Liquidambar formosana Hance

Leaf, Root, Fruit

Tree

Village, Understory

Spring, Autumn

Decoction

Eliminate wind and

resolve dampness ,

circulate blood and

relax tendons,

circulate blood

and resolve stasis

QXN083*

W

Amaranthaceae

Amaranthus tricolor L

Root, Fruit, Whole plant

Herb

Field

Summer, Autumn

Decoction

Brighten the eyes,

diuresis,

promote bowel

movements

QXN050

C/W(E)

Chenopodium album L

Whole plant

Herb

Roadside, Wilderness, Field

All year round

Sun drying, Decoction

Stop abdominal pain,

invigorate spleen to

promote digestion

QXN057

W

Apiaceae

Centella asiatica (L.) Urban

Whole plant

Herb

Mountains and plains, Understory

Summer

Soak in hot water, Blanching, Decoction

Moisten the lung and

relieve cough, circulate

blood and resolve stasis ,

diminish inflammation

QXN065*

W

Cryptotaenia japonica Hassk

Whole plant

Herb

Grass, Brookside, Understory

All year round

Decoction

Clear heat and eliminate

dampness, moisten the

lung and relieve cough,

remove toxins and

circulate blood, hemostatis

QXN089

W

Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides Lam

Whole plant

Herb

Grass, Ditchside

Spring, Summer

Soak in hot water

Clear heat and eliminate

dampness, soften hardness

and dissipate masses,

circulate blood and

resolve stasis

QXN082*

W

Oenanthe javanica (Bl.) DC

Whole plant

Herb

Marsh, Ditchside, Behind the house

All year round

Soak in hot water, Decoction

Clear heat and

eliminate dampness,

hemostatis,

lower blood pressure

QXN001

C/W

Peucedanum medicum Dunn

Root

Herb

Field, Mountains and plains

Spring

Decoction

Clear heat-toxin,

circulate blood and

resolve stasis

QXN014

C

Araceae

Sauromatum horsfieldii Miquel

Stem

Herb

Understory, Behind the house

All year round

Using fresh herb, Sun drying, Decoction

Soften hardness and

dissipate masses,

circulate blood and

resolve stasis

QXN072

C

Araliaceae

Eleutherococcus trifoliatus (Linnaeus) S. Y. Hu

Root, Leaf

Shrub

Village, Roadside, Understory

All year round

Decoction

Eliminate wind and  resolve dampness, resolve swelling, alleviate pain

Cold

QXN076

C

Eleutherococcus nodiflorus (Dunn) S. Y. Hu

velamen

Shrub

Understory, Roadside

Spring, Autumn

Decoction, Soak medicated wine

Eliminate wind and

resolve dampness ,

strengthen

the sinews and bones,

soften hardness and

dissipate masses

QXN013*

C

Eleutherococcus senticosus (Ruprecht & Maximowicz) Maximowicz

velamen

Shrub

Village, Behind the house

Summer, Autumn

Decoction, Soak medicated wine

Eliminate wind and

resolve dampness ,

nourish liver,

strengthen muscles

and bones

–*

W

Asphodelaceae

Hemerocallis citrina Baroni

Fruit, Flower

Herb

Mountains and plains, Wilderness, Behind the house

Spring, Summer

Sun drying, Soak in hot water

Diuresis, hemostatis

–*

C

Asteraceae

Acmella paniculata (Wallich ex Candolle) R. K. Jansen

Whole plant

Herb

Field, Brookside

Spring, Summer

Sun drying, Soak in hot water

Clear heat-toxin, brighten the eyes

Cold, slightly toxic

QXN091*

W(E)

Adenostemma lavenia (L.) O. Kuntze

Whole plant

Herb

Understory, Grass, Brookside, Field, Wilderness

Spring

Sun drying, Decoction

Clear heat-toxin, diuresis

Cold

QXN075

W

Artemisia argyi Lévl. et Van

Leaf

Herb

Grass, Brookside, Fieldborders, Roadside

Autumn, Winter

Sun drying, Decoction

Clear heat-toxin,

nourish liver

QXN049*

W

Aster indicus L

Aboveground part

Herb

Fieldborders, Ditchside, Streamside, Wilderness, Roadside

Spring, Summer, Autumn

Decoction

Moisten the lung

and relieve

cough, clear heat

and eliminate

dampness, alleviate

pain

QXN009

W

Bidens pilosa L

Whole plant

Herb/Shrub

Understory, Brookside, Grass

Autumn

Decoction, Soak in hot water

Refresh oneself,

alleviate pain

QXN028*

W

Bidens bipinnata L

Whole plant

Herb

Mountains and plains, Grass, Understory

Summer, Autumn

Sun drying, Decoction

Alleviate pain,

dissipate

cold and eliminate

dampness

QXN017*

W

Blumea balsamifera (L.) DC

Whole plant

Herb

Roadside, Ditchside

All year round

Decoction

Treat dysentery,

invigorate

spleen to promote

digestion,

clear heat-toxin

QXN039*

W(E)

Chrysanthemum indicum Linnaeus

Leaf, Flower, Whole plant

Herb

Village, Roadside, Wilderness

All year round

Sun drying, Brewing, Soak in hot water

Stop malaria, clear

heat-toxin,

circulate blood,

hemostatis

QXN002*

W(E)

Crassocephalum crepidioides (Benth.) S. Moore

Whole plant

Herb

Understory, Grass, Field, Roadside

All year round

Soak in hot water

Clear heat-toxin,

treat sores

QXN054

W

Eclipta prostrata (L.) L

Whole plant

Herb

Understory, Streamside, Roadside

Summer, Autumn

Sun drying, Decoction

Clear heat-toxin,

invigorate spleen

to promote digestion,

diuresis

QXN010*

W

Asteraceae

Emilia prenanthoidea DC

Whole plant

Herb

Grass, Understory, Ditchside, Village, Brookside

Spring

Sun drying, Decoction

Clear heat-toxin,

circulate blood and

resolve stasis

QXN022*

W

Erigeron annuus (L.) Pers

Whole plant

Herb

Ditchside, Roadside, Understory, Mountains and plains

Summer, Autumn

Using fresh herb, Sun drying, Decoction

Clear heat and eliminate dampness, soften hardness and dissipate masses

Cold

QXN077

W

Erigeron breviscapus (Vant.) Hand. -Mazz

Whole plant

Herb

Grass, Roadside, Field, Brookside

Spring, Summer, Autumn

Decoction

Clear heat-toxin,

soften hardness and

dissipate masses,

lower blood pressure

QXN086*

W

Ixeris polycephala Cass

Whole plant

Herb

Understory, Streamside

All year round

Decoction

Clear heat-toxin,

soften hardness and

dissipate masses,

nourish liver,

brighten the eyes

QXN021

W

Pseudognaphalium affine (D. Don) Anderberg

Stem, Leaf

Herb

Grass, Rcefield

Spring

Soak in hot water

Clear heat-toxin,

eliminate wind and resolve 

dampness,

lower blood pressure

QXN064

W

Senecio scandens Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don

Whole plant

Herb

Roadside, Wilderness

All year round

Decoction

Clear heat-toxin,

stop malaria, diminish

inflammation

and alleviate pain

QXN030*

W(E)

Sonchus oleraceus L

Leaf

Herb/Shrub

Wilderness, Roadside, Brookside, Mountains and plains

Summer

Decoction, Blanching, Soak in hot water

Dissipate cold and

eliminate dampness,

alleviate pain,

refresh oneself

QXN019

W

Sonchus wightianus DC

Whole plant

Herb

Brookside, Fieldborders, Roadside

Summer

Decoction, Blanching, Soak

Circulate blood and

resolve stasis,

hemostatis, tonify

QXN040

W(E)

Taraxacum mongolicum Hand.-Mazz

Whole plant

Herb

Mountains and plains, Understory

All year round

Using fresh herb, Sun drying, Decoction

Clear heat-toxin,

diminish

inflammation

QXN016*

W

Youngia japonica (L.) DC

Whole plant

Herb

Roadside, Field

Spring

Stir frying, Decoction

Stop diarrhea,

stop malaria,

clear heat-toxin

QXN059

W(E)

Berberidaceae

Berberis sargentiana Schneid

Root

Shrub

Mountains and plains, Roadside, Understory

All year round

Decoction

Clear heat-toxin,

diminish inflammation

and antisepsis

–*

W

Mahonia fortunei (Lindl.) Fedde

Whole plant

Shrub

Rinchu, Roadside, Brookside

All year round

Decoction

Clear heat-toxin, tonify

People with weak and cold physique should not be use.

QXN042*

C/W

Cabombaceae

Brasenia schreberi J. F. Gmel

Whole plant

Herb

Pond, Brookside, Marsh

Summer, Autumn

Using fresh herb, Decoction

Clear heat-toxin, soften hardness and dissipate masses

Cold

–

W

Campanulaceae

Lobelia nummularia Lam

Whole plant

Herb

Rcefield

All year round

Using fresh herb, Sun drying, Decoction

Eliminate wind and

resolve dampness,

traumatic injury

QXN046

W

Caprifoliaceae

Lonicera similis Hemsl

Flower

Vine

Mountains and plains, Streamside, Rinchu

Spring

Stewing, Sun drying, Brewing

Clear heat-toxin, diminish inflammation, resolve swelling

QXN007*

W

Platycodon grandiflorus (Jacq.) A. DC

Root

Herb

Brush, Behind the house

Spring, Autumn

Decoction

Moisten the lung and

relieve cough,

diminish inflammation

QXN008*

C/W

Viburnum foetidum Wall

Fruit

Shrub

Mountains and plains, Brush

Autumn

Using fresh herb, Soak in hot water

Clear heat-toxin,

moisten the lung and

relieve cough, diminish

inflammation, repair

broken sinews and

bones, stop diarrhea

QXN047

W

Caryophyllaceae

Stellaria aquatica (L.) Scop

Whole plant

Herb

Ditchside, Field

Spring

Soak in hot water

Clear heat and relieve

strangury, soften hardness

and dissipate masses,

unblock meridians and

increase lactation

QXN085

C/W(E)

Celastraceae

Gymnotheca chinensis Decne

Whole plant

Herb

Ditchside, Rinchu

Autumn, Winter

Soak in hot water, Decoction

Invigorate spleen to

promote digestion,

remove toxins

QXN015

W

Clusiaceae

Hypericum beanii N. Robson

Root, Leaf, Bud

Shrub

Understory, Streamside, Mountains and plains

Summer

Using fresh herb, Sun drying, Decoction

Nourish liver, circulate blood hemostatis

Cold

QXN078

W

Commelinaceae

Commelina communis L

Whole plant

Herb

Brush, Roadside

Summer, Autumn

Decoction

Resolve swelling,

clear heat-toxin

QXN012*

C/W

Convolvulaceae

Argyreia pierreana Bois

Stem, Leaf

Vine

Roadside, Brush

Autumn

Decoction

Traumatic injury,

eliminate wind and

resolve dampness,

alleviate pain

–*

W

Crassulaceae

Phedimus aizoon (Linnaeus) 't Hart

Whole plant

Herb

Field, Wilderness

All year round

Decoction

Circulate blood and

resolve stasis,

alleviate pain,

lower blood pressure

QXN025*

C/W

Cucurbitaceae

Gynostemma pentaphyllum (Thunb.) Makino

Whole plant

Herb

Roadside, Rinchu

Autumn, Winter

Decoction, Brewing

Clear heat-toxin, soften hardness and dissipate masses

Cold

QXN035*

W

Solena heterophylla Lour

Root

Vine

Rinchu, Mountains and plains, Roadside

Autumn

Using fresh herb, Sun drying, Decoction

Diminish inflammation, moisten the lung and relieve cough, lower blood pressure

Patients with asthenia-cold disease and pregnant women should take it with caution.

QXN087

W

Cyperaceae

Cyperus rotundus L

Stem

Herb

Wilderness, Ditchside, Roadside

Spring, Summer, Autumn

Soak in hot water

Qi regulate, alleviate

pain and regulate

menstruation

–*

W(E)

Equisetaceae

Equisetum ramosissimum Desf

Aboveground part

Herb

Village, Roadside

All year round

Decoction

Reduce blood lipid, diuresis, lower blood pressure

Whole plant is toxic.

QXN034*

W

Fabaceae

Crotalaria ferruginea Grah. ex Benth

Whole plant

Vine

Mountains and plains, Understory

Autumn, Winter

Decoction

Circulate blood and

relax tendons, remove

alcoholic toxins,

stop diarrhea

–

W

Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch

Stem, Root

Herb

Brookside, Mountains and plains, Grass

Spring, Autumn

Decoction

Tonify, clear heat-toxin, moisten the lung and relieve cough, alleviate pain

Patients with high blood pressure and swelling should not use it.

–*

C

Pueraria montana (Loureiro) Merrill

Root

Shrub

Brookside, Pond

Summer, Autumn

Sun drying, Soak in hot water

Nourish liver,

diuresis, stop malaria

QXN036*

C/W(E)

Senna occidentalis (Linnaeus) Link

Seed, Root, Leaf

Shrub/Tree

Field, Mountains and plains, Roadside

Summer, Autumn

Stir frying, Decoction

Clear heat-toxin, diuresis, soften hardness and dissipate masses

The whole plant is toxic, and users should take reasonable dose.

QXN031

W

Sophora davidii (Franch.) Skeels

Root, Leaf, Flower, Seed

Herb

Mountains and plains, Rinchu, Wilderness

All year round

Stir frying, Decoction

Warm and tonify

kidney Yang, diminish

inflammation, diuresis

QXN066

W

Fagaceae

Lithocarpus polystachyus Rehder

Leaf

Tree

Village, Rinchu

All year round

Mash, Filter, Decoct, Sun drying, Brewing

Clear heat-toxin,

lower blood pressure, reduce

blood lipid, regulate

blood sugar level, warm

and tonify kidney Yang

QXN053

W

Hypericaceae

Hypericum japonicum Thunb.ex Murray

Whole plant

Herb

Understory, Mountains and plains

All year round

Sun drying, Soak in hot water

Clear heat-toxin,

hemostatis,

soften hardness

and dissipate masses

–*

W

Lamiaceae

Ajuga decumbens Thunb

Whole plant

Herb

Field, Grasscluster, Roadside

Spring

Soak in hot water

Antisepsis and remove toxins, treat epidemic toxin dysentery

Cold

–

W

Callicarpa macrophylla Vahl

Leaf, Root

Herb

Streamside, Roadside

Summer

Sun drying, Decoction

Clear heat-toxin,

nourish liver

QXN045*

C/W

Leonurus japonicus Houttuyn

Whole plant

Herb

Grass, Streamside, Roadside

Summer

Using fresh herb, Sun drying, Soak in hot water

Nourish liver, brighten the eyes

Pregnant women are prohibited from use.

QXN071*

W

Mentha canadensis Linnaeus

Aboveground part

Herb

Mountains and plains, Roadside, Village, Wilderness, Behind the house

Summer

Air drying

Dissipate cold and eliminate dampness, tonify the stomach

P regnant women are prohibited from use.

QXN051*

C/W

Perilla frutescens (L.) Britt

Stem, Leaf, Fruit

Herb

Ditchside, Field

Summer, Autumn

Using fresh herb, Decoction

Clear heat-toxin,

clear the throat,

nourish liver

QXN027*

C

Prunella vulgaris L

Whole plant

Shrub/Tree

Understory, Brush, Roadside

Summer, Autumn

Using fresh herb, Sun drying, Decoction

Circulate blood

and resolve stasis,

soften hardness and

dissipate masses

QXN005*

C

Salvia prionitis Hance

Whole plant

Herb

Behind the house, Mountains and plains

Spring, Summer

Sun drying, Decoction

Regulate menstruation,

diuresis, clear heat-toxin

–

C

Lardizabalaceae

Akebia trifoliata (Thunb.) Koidz

Root, Stem, Fruit

Vine

Mountains and plains

All year round

Decoction

Clear heat and eliminate

dampness, circulate

blood and relax tendons,

soften hardness and

dissipate masses

QXN090*

W

Holboellia latifolia Wall

Root, Seedcase

Vine

Mountains and plains, Rinchu, Brush

Summer, Autumn

Decoction

Diuresis, circulate blood

and relax tendons,

eliminate wind

and resolve dampness

QXN029*

W

Sargentodoxa cuneata (Oliv.) Rehd. et Wils

Root, Stem

Vine

Brush, Rinchu

Autumn, Winter

Sun drying, Decoction

Clear heat-toxin,

eliminate wind and

resolve dampness,

alleviate pain

QXN063*

W

Lauraceae

Litsea lancilimba Merr

Fruit

Tree

Rinchu

Autumn

Sun drying, Soak in hot water

Dissipate cold and

eliminate dampness,

alleviate pain

–

W

Liliaceae

Lilium brownii F. E. Brown ex Miellez

Stem

Herb

Understory, Mountains and plains, Village, Behind the house

Autumn

Using fresh herb, Decoction

Moisten the lung

and relieve

cough, diuresis

QXN088*

C/W

Lythraceae

Punica granatum L

Leaf

Shrub/Tree

Behind the house

Autumn

Soak in hot water

Stop diarrhea,

invigorate spleen to

promote digestion

QXN070*

C

Malvaceae

Firmiana simplex (L.) W. Wight

Seed, Stem, Flower, Leaf, Fruit

Tree

Behind the house

Summer, Autumn

Drying, Decoction

Clear heat-toxin,

lower blood pressure, hemostatis,

reduce blood lipid

QXN079*

C

Melanthiaceae

Paris polyphylla Smith

Flower

Herb

Ditchside, Rinchu, Brush, Roadside

Autumn

Using fresh herb, Sun drying, Decoction

Clear heat-toxin, soften hardness and dissipate masses, nourish liver

It is forbidden to take the medicine if the body is weak or no heat-toxin; pregnant women are not allowed to take it.

–*

C

Melastomataceae

Melastoma malabathricum Linnaeus

Whole plant, Root

Shrub

Mountains and plains, Understory, Ditchside

Summer

Using fresh herb, Soak in hot water

Clear heat and

eliminate dampness,

soften hardness

and dissipate masses,

circulate blood,

hemostatis

–*

W

Moraceae

Morus alba L

velamen, Fruit

Shrub/Tree

Behind the house, Field

Spring, Summer

Soak in hot water

Clear heat-toxin,

clear lung heat and

moisten dryness,

nourish liver,

brighten the eyes

QXN069*

C

Musaceae

Musa basjoo Sieb. et Zucc

Root, Flower, Root

Herb

Behind the house, Field

Summer, Autumn

Decoction, Soak in hot water

Clear heat-toxin,

moisten dryness and

alleviate thirst, diuresis

QXN052

C

Myrtaceae

Psidium guajava L

Leaf

Tree/Shrub

Wilderness, Field

Summer

Sun drying, Decoction

Stop abdominal pain,

stop diarrhea,

hemostatis,

tonify the stomach

QXN018*

C

Oleaceae

Ligustrum expansum Rehder

Leaf

Shrub

Streamside, Roadside

Spring, Summer

Soak in hot water

Clear heat-toxin ,

tonify, nourish liver,

brighten the eyes,

lower blood pressure

QXN056*

C/W

Onagraceae

Oenothera rosea L'Her. ex Ait

Root

Herb

Roadside, Brookside, Behind the house, Wilderness, Grass, Ditchside

Summer

Decoction

Diminish inflammation,

lower blood pressure

QXN026

W(E)

Orchidaceae

Cymbidium aloifolium (L.) Sw

Whole plant

Epiphyte

Rinchu, Brush, Streamside

Summer

Decoction

Clear lung heat and

moisten dryness

–

C

Oxalidaceae

Oxalis corniculata L

Whole plant

Herb

Brookside, Roadside, Fieldborders, Wilderness, Understory

All year round

Decoction

Clear heat and eliminate

dampness, circulate

blood, hemostatis,

soften hardness and

dissipate masses

QXN020*

W

Piperaceae

Peperomia pellucida (L.) Kunth

Whole plant

Herb

Understory, Wetland, Behind the house

Summer, Autumn

Soak in hot water

Circulate blood

hemostatis, clear heat-toxin

–

W

Plantaginaceae

Plantago asiatica L

Whole plant

Herb

Grass, Ditchside, Wetland, Fieldborders, Roadside, Village

Summer

Decoction

Clear heat-toxin

, diuresis

QXN023*

W

Poaceae

Imperata cylindrica (L.) Beauv

Stem

Herb

Mountains and plains, Roadside

Summer

Sun drying, Soak in hot water

Clear heat and reduce internal heat

,

moisten dryness

and alleviate

thirst, diuresis

QXN073*

C/W

Lophatherum gracile Brongn

Root, Leaf

Herb

Brookside, Grass

Spring, Autumn

Soak in hot water

Hemostatis, diuresis

Those with physical weakness and pregnant women are forbidden to take it.

QXN080*

C

Polygonaceae

Pleuropterus multiflorus (Thunb.) Nakai

Root

Herb

Understory

Summer

Using fresh herb, Sun drying, Decoction

Clear heat and

eliminate dampness,

nourish liver,

brighten the eyes,

circulate blood and

relax tendons

QXN024*

W

Persicaria capitata (Buch. -Ham. ex D. Don) H. Gross

Whole plant

Herb

Brush, Mountains and plains, Understory, Behind the house

Autumn, Winter

Sun drying, Soak in hot water

Stop malaria,

promote bowel

movements

QXN074

C/W

Persicaria chinensis (L.) H. Gross

Aboveground part

Herb

Mountains and plains, Wetland

Summer

Sun drying, Soak in hot water

Clear heat and

eliminate dampness,

circulate blood

and resolve stasis,

alleviate pain

QXN061*

W

Polypodiaceae

Lepisorus carnosus (Wall. ex J. Sm.) C. F. Zhao, R. Wei & X. C. Zhang

Whole plant

Fern

Understory

Autumn, Winter

Decoction, Soak in hot water

Moisten the lung and

relieve cough,

circulate blood and

resolve stasis,

clear heat-toxin

–

W

Portulacaceae

Portulaca oleracea L

Aboveground part

Herb

Garden, Farmland, Roadside

Spring, Summer

Blanching, Sun drying, Decoction

Soften hardness and

dissipate masses,

diminish inflammation,

moisten dryness and

alleviate thirst, diuresis

QXN043*

W

Primulaceae

Ardisia crispa (Thunb.) A. DC

Root, Leaf

Shrub

Valley, Understory

All year round

Sun drying, Decoction

Circulate blood and

resolve stasis,

hemostatis

QXN032*

C

Ardisia mamillata Hance

Whole plant

Shrub

Fieldborders

Summer, Autumn

Airing, Soak in hot water medicated wine

Clear heat-toxin ,

alleviate pain,

diminish

inflammation

–

C/W

Myrsine africana L

Stem, Leaf

Shrub

Mountains and plains, Understory

Summer

Decoction

Clear heat and eliminate dampness, circulate blood and relax tendons

The fruit is poisonous to animals.

QXN062

C/W

Ranunculaceae

Clematis florida Thunb

Root, Whole plant

Vine

Field, Roadside, Streamside

All year round

Decoction

Diuresis, promote

bowel movements,

alleviate pain

QXN037*

W

Rosaceae

Agrimonia pilosa Ldb

Whole plant

Shrub

Mountains and plains, Roadside

Autumn

Soak in hot water

Invigorate spleen to

promote digestion,

stop diarrhea

QXN055*

W

Eriobotrya japonica (Thunb.) Lindl

Leaf, Flower

Shrub

Grass, Brookside, Roadside

Summer

Sun drying, Decoction

Clear heat-toxin,

invigorate spleen to

promote digestion,

circulate blood and

resolve stasis,

hemostatis

QXN068*

W

Potentilla griffithii Hook. f

Root

Herb

Grass, Field

Summer, Autumn

Soak in hot water

Invigorate spleen to

promote digestion,

alleviate pain

–

C/W

Pyracantha fortuneana (Maxim.) Li

Fruit, Root, Leaf

Herb

Streamside, Roadside, Grass, Brush

Summer, Autumn

Using fresh herb, Soak in hot water

Hemostatis, stop malaria,

stop abdominal pain,

tonify

QXN011

W

Rosa roxburghii Tratt

Fruit, Leaf

Tree

Roadside, Behind the house

All year round

Using fresh herb, Soak in hot water

Moisten the lung

and relieve cough

QXN081

C

Sabiaceae

Sabia parviflora Wall. ex Roxb

Stem, Leaf

Vine

Field, Streamside, Rinchu, Brush

Summer, Autumn

Using fresh herb, Sun drying, Decoction, Brewing

Clear heat and

eliminate dampness,

nourish liver

–

W

Sapindaceae

Cardiospermum halicacabum L

Whole plant

Vine

Field, Brush, Roadside

Summer, Autumn

Soak in hot water

Clear heat and reduce internal heat, remove toxins, soften hardness and dissipate masses

Cold

–

C/W

Saururaceae

Houttuynia cordata Thunb

Whole plant

Herb

Ditchside, Streamside, Behind the house

Summer

Using fresh herb, Soak in hot water

Clear heat-toxin, resolve abscesses and dissipate boils, diuresis

QXN004*

C/W

Scrophulariaceae

Buddleja officinalis Maxim

Flower

Shrub

Field, Brookside, Village, Brush

Spring

Sun drying, Decoction

Clear heat-toxin, eliminate dampness, brighten the eyes

Caution should be taken if the eye disease is Yang deficiency and internal cold.

QXN058*

W

Selaginellaceae

Selaginella tamariscina (P. Beauv.) Spring

Whole plant

Fern

Mountains and plains

All year round

Decoction

Regulate menstruation,

circulate blood and

transform stasis

QXN033

W

Solanaceae

Lycium chinense Miller

Fruit

Shrub

Field, Wilderness, Roadside, Village, Behind the house

Autumn

Using fresh herb, Decoction

Tonify, nourish liver, brighten the eyes

Drink moderately.

QXN084*

C/W

Solanum nigrum L

Aboveground part

Herb

Fieldborders, Wilderness, Village

Spring, Summer

Soak in hot water, Decoction

Circulate blood, hemostatis, clear heat-toxin

The leaves contain a lot of alkaloids, which must be fully cooked.

QXN003*

W

Solanaceae

Solanum pseudocapsicum L

Root

Shrub

Understory, Roadside, Wilderness

All year round

Sun drying, Decoction

Diminish inflammation and remove toxins, alleviate pain

Whole plant is toxic.

QXN044

W

Solanum violaceum Ortega

Fruit, Root

Shrub

Fieldborders, Roadside

All year round

Using fresh herb, Sun drying, Decoction

Circulate blood and  resolve stasis, hemostatis, soften hardness and dissipate masses

Toxic, should not overdose

QXN038

C/W(E)

Thelypteridaceae

Cyclosorus acuminatus (Houtt.) Nakai

Stem, Whole plant

Fern

Streamside, Rinchu

Summer, Autumn

Sun drying, Decoction

Clear heat-toxin,

eliminate wind and

resolve dampness,

invigorate spleen to

promote digestion

QXN041

W

Urticaceae

Urtica fissa E. Pritz

Whole plant

Herb

Field, Roadside, Behind the house

All year round

Using fresh herb, Soak in hot water

Eliminate wind and

resolve dampness,

moisten the lung and

relieve cough

QXN092*

W

Verbenaceae

Verbena officinalis L

Whole plant

Herb

Roadside, Mountains and plains, Streamside

Summer

Decoction, Soak in hot water

Clear heat-toxin,

soften hardness and

dissipate masses

QXN006*

C/W

Violaceae

Viola philippica Cav

Whole plant

Herb

Field, Wilderness, Grasscluster, Brush

Spring, Summer

Sun drying, Decoction

Clear heat-toxin, soften hardness and dissipate masses

QXN048*

C

Vitaceae

Causonis japonica (Thunb.) Raf

Whole plant

Vine

Mountains and plains, Rinchu, Brush

Summer, Autumn

Sun drying, Decoction

Remove toxins,

diuresis, soften

hardness and

dissipate masses

QXN060*

W

Zingiberaceae

Zingiber officinale Roscoe

Stem

Herb

Field

Autumn, Winter

Soak in hot water

Dissipate cold and eliminate dampness, moisten the lung and relieve cough

QXN067*

C