Table 4 Traditional use of medicinal plants in the Mt Stara Planina region (south-eastern Serbia)

Achillea clypeolata Sm

St-pl-Ast-01/18BISS

Asteraceae

Žuta hajdučka trava, Raven

w/herb/E

Ap

Tea

O

T

Pain respiratory system R01(1);

Bleeding/haemorrhage NOS A10(2);

Genital symptom/complt female oth.) X29(40);

Trauma/injury NOS A80(2);

41

0.804

Achillea millefolium L

St-pl-Ast-02/18IBISS

Asteraceae

Bela hajdučka trava

w/herb

Ap

Tea

O

Pain respiratory system R01(1); Asthma R96(1); Abdominal pain epigastric D02(1); Chronic enteritis/ulcerative colitis D94(1); Haematemesis/vomiting blood D14(1); Liver disease NOS D97(3); Urinary calculus U95(1); Cholecystitis/cholelithiasis D98(1); Flatulence/gas/belching D08(3); Dyspepsia/indigestion D07(1); Constipation D12(1); Haemorrhoids K96(1); Loss of appetite T03(1); Weakness/tiredness general A04(1); Menstruation irregular/frequent X07(10); Menopausal symptom/complaint X11(10);

29

0.568

Agrimonia eupatoria L

St-pl-Ros-01/18BISS

Rosaceae

Petrovac, Ranjenik

w/herb

Ap

Tea

O

Jaundice D13(10); Liver disease NOS D97(2); Blood/lymph/spleen disease other B99(2); Stomach function disorder D87(1); Kidney symptom/complaint U14(1); Cholecystitis/cholelithiasis D98(2); Cystitis/urinary infection other U71(1); Diarrhoea D11(1); Infectious disease other/NOS A78(1); Health maintenance/prevention A98(1);

17

0.333

Alchemilla vulgaris L

St-pl-Ros-02/18IBISS

Rosaceae

Virak

w/herb

Ap

Tea

O

Infertility/subfertility W15(5); Abortion spontaneous W82(1); Menstruation irregular/frequent X07(3); Menopausal symptom/complaint X11(6);

15

0.294

Allium cepa L

St-pl-All-01/18IBISS

Amaryllidaceae

Crni luk

c/herb

Tu

Compress

T

Skin infection post-traumatic S11(11);

11

0.216

Allium sativum L

St-pl-All-02/18IBISS

Amaryllidaceae

Beli luk

C/herb

Tu

Fresh

O

Health maintenance/prevention A98(26); Elevated blood pressure K85(34);

51

1

Allium ursinum L

St-pl-All-03/18IBISS

Amaryllidaceae

Sremuš

w/herb/LC

Le

Fresh, tincture

O

Elevated blood pressure K85(34); Health maintenance/prevention A98(17);

51

1

Althaea officinalis L

St-pl-Mal-01/18IBISS

Malvaceae

Beli slez

w/herb

Ro

Tea, decoction

O

Acute bronchitis/bronchiolitis R78(3); Laryngitis/tracheitis acute R77(2); Peptic ulcer other D86(1); Duodenal ulcer D85(1); Constipation D12(1); Health maintenance/prevention A98(1);

8

0.157

Anacamptis morio (L.) R.M.Bateman, Pridgeon & M.W.Chase

St-pl-Orc-01/18IBISS

Orchidaceae

Kaćun, Salep

w/herb/NT

Tu

Tea

O

Diarrhoea D11(1);

1

0.019

Arctium lappa L

St-pl-Ast-03IBISS

Asteraceae

Čičak veliki

w/herb

Ro

Tea

O

Liver disease NOS D97(1);

1

0.019

Artemisia absinthium L

St-pl-Ast-04/18IBISS

Asteraceae

Beli pelin

w/herb

Ap

Tea

Brandy—‘Pelinkovac’

O

Stomach function disorder D87(21);

Liver disease NOS D97(5); Cholecystitis/cholelithiasis D98(5); Cystitis/urinary infection other U71(1); Menstruation irregular/frequent X07(1); Loss of appetite T03(4); Diabetes non-insulin dependent T90(1);

28

0.549

Asarum europaeum L

St-pl-Ar-01/18IBISS

Aristolochiaceae

Kopitnjak

w/herb

Le

Tea, fresh leaves

O

Kidney symptom/complaint U14(1);

1

0.019

Bellis perennis L

St-pl-Ast-05/18IBISS

Asteraceae

Bela rada

w/herb

Fl

Tea

T

Skin symptom/complaint other S29(2);

2

0.039

Betula pubescens Ehrh

St-pl-Bet-01/18IBISS

Betulaceae

Bela breza

w/tree

Le

Tea

O

Joint symptom/complaint NOS L20(2); Urinary retention U08(1); Feeling anxious/nervous/tense P01(1); Weakness/tiredness general A04(1); Heart failure K77(1);

5

0.098

Calendula officinalis L

St-pl-Ast-06/18IBISS

Asteraceae

Neven

c/herb

Fl

Tea

Ointment

O

T

For detoxification of the blood (tea) A98(1); Weakness/tiredness general A04(3);

Varicose veins of leg K95(29);

33

0.647

Capsella bursa-pastoris Medik

St-pl-Bra-01/18IBISS

Brassicaceae

Rusomača, Hoću-neću

w/herb

Ap

Tea, decoction

O

Bleeding/haemorrhage NOS A10(1); from the nose R06(3); Stomach function disorder D87(1); Intermenstrual bleeding X08(4); Haemorrhoids K96(2);

10

0.196

Carlina acaulis L

St-pl-Ast-07/18IBISS

Asteraceae

Šeremetka, Vilino sito

w/herb

Ro

Fresh (it is eaten)

O

Cystitis/urinary infection other U71(1); Urinary calculus U95(1); Gout T92(1); Diabetes non-insulin dependent T90(6);

7

0.137

Carlina vulgaris L

St-pl-Ast-08/18IBISS

Asteraceae

Obični kravljak

w/herb

Ap

Bath

T

Haemorrhoids K96(2);

2

0.039

Centaurea cyanus L

St-pl-Ast-09/18IBISS

Asteraceae

Različak

w/herb

Fl

Tea

O

T

Urinary retention U08(1);

Conjunctivitis infectious F70(1); Eye infection/inflammation other F73(1);

2

0.039

Centaurium erythraea Rafn

St-pl-Gen-01/18IBISS

Gentianaceae

Crveni kantarion, Kičica

w/herb

Ap

Tea

Oil

O

T

Loss of appetite T03(1); Dyspepsia/indigestion D07(1); Abdominal pain epigastric D02(2); Change faeces/bowel movements D18(2); Liver disease NOS D97(1); Splenomegaly B87(2); Flatulence/gas/belching D08(1); Diabetes non-insulin dependent T90(6); Diarrhoea D11(3); Health maintenance/prevention A98(5); Fever A03(5); Haemorrhoids K96(1);

Limited function/disability (n) N28(1); Pain general/multiple sites A01(1) (applied externally as a liniment);

30

0.588

Cetraria islandica (L.) Ach

St-pl-Par-01/18IBISS/lichen

Parmeliaceae

Islandski lišaj

w

WhPl

Tea, syrup

O

Cough R05(3);

3

0.059

Chelidonium majus L

St-pl-Pap-01/18IBISS

Papaveraceae

Lišajevac, Rusa trava

w/herb

WhPl

Tea

Juice (fresh)

O

T

Rheumatoid/seropositive arthritis L88(1); Fibromyoma uterus X78(1); Kidney symptom/complaint U14(1); Liver disease NOS D97(2); Cholecystitis/cholelithiasis D98(2); Haemorrhoids K96(3); Malignant neoplasm stomach D74(4); Malignant neoplasm colon/rectum D75(4); Dysuria/painful urination U01(1); Tinnitus, ringing/buzzing ear H03(1); Health maintenance/prevention A98(1);

Warts S03(24) (the juice is applied externally); Malignant neoplasm of skin S77(10);

*Care should be taken when taken orally as c. majus is poisonous in larger doses. Most often only a small teacupful of the tea is drunk

34

0.666

Cichorium intybus L

St-pl-Ast-10/18IBISS

Asteraceae

Vodopija

w/herb/LC

Ro

Tea

O

Loss of appetite T03(2); Diarrhoea D11(2); Liver disease NOS D97(3); Cholecystitis/cholelithiasis D98(3); Peptic ulcer other D86(2); Headache N01(1); Feeling anxious/nervous/tense P01(1); Heart failure K77(1); Health maintenance/prevention A98(9);

19

0.372

Clinopodium nepeta subsp. spruneri (Boiss.) Bartolucci & F.Conti

St-pl-Lam-01/18IBISS

Lamiaceae

Divlji bosiljak, Verem trava

w/herb

Ap

Tea (one-component or tea blend: lavender, calamint, thyme and nettles)

O

Feeling anxious/nervous/tense P01(2);

2

0.039

Cornus mas L

St-pl-Cor-01/18IBISS

Cornaceae

Dren

w/tree

Fr

Juice, pickling liquid

O

Iron deficiency anaemia B80(41);

41

0.804

Corylus avellana L

St-pl-Bet-02/18IBISS

Betulaceae

Leska

w/tree

Le, Bk

Tea

O

Diarrhoea D11(5);

5

0.098

Crataegus monogyna Jacq

St-pl-Ros-03/18IBISS

Rosaceae

Glog

w/tree

Fl, Le, Fr

Tea, juice

O

Heart failure K77 (38); Elevated blood pressure K85(3); Feeling anxious/nervous/tense P01(1);

38

0.745

Cydonia oblonga Mill

St-pl-Ros-04/18IBISS

Rosaceae

Dunja

w/tree

Le

Tea

O

Diarrhoea D11(9);

9

0.176

Delphinium consolida L

St-pl-Ran-03/18IBISS

Ranunculaceae

Žavornjak

w/herb

Ap

Tea

O

Prostatitis/seminal vesiculitis Y73(1);

1

0.019

Dioscorea communis (L.) Caddick & Wilkin

St-pl-Dio-01/18IBISS

Dioscoreaceae

Bljušt

w/herb

Fr

Fresh

T

Gout T92(2);

2

0.039

Elymus repens (L.) Gould

St-pl-Poa-01/18IBISS

Poaceae

Pirevina

w/herb

Ro

Tea

O

Pyelonephritis/pyelitis U70(1); Urethritis U72(1); Haemorrhoids K96(1); Benign prostatic hypertrophy Y85(1); Injury urinary tract U80(1);

4

0.078

Epilobium angustifolium L

St-pl-Ona-01/18IBISS

Onagraceae

Kiprovina

w/herb

Ap

Tea

O

Benign prostatic hypertrophy Y85(5);

5

0.098

Epilobium parviflorum Schreb

St-pl-Ona-02/18IBISS

Onagraceae

Svilovina, Vrbovka

w/herb

Ap

Tea

O

Prostate symptom/complaint Y06(3); Bladder symptom/complaint other U13(3); Kidney symptom/complaint U14(3);

6

0.117

Equisetum arvense L

St-pl-Equ-01/18IBISS

Equisetaceae

Rastavić

w/herb/LC

Ap

Tea

O

Urinary retention U08(9);

9

0.176

Euphrasia officinalis L

St-pl-Oro-01/18IBISS

Orobanchaceae

Vidac

w/herb

Ap

Tea

T

Eye infection/inflammation other F73(1);

1

0.019

Filipendula ulmaria (L.) Maxim

St-pl-Ros-05/18IBISS

Rosaceae

Medunika

w/herb

Fl

Tea

O

Fibromyoma uterus X78(1); Heartburn D03(9); Peptic ulcer other D86(3);

12

0.235

Foeniculum vulgare Mill

St-pl-Api-02/18IBISS

Apiaceae

Komorač

w/herb

Se

Tea;

seeds are added to food

O

Flatulence/gas/belching D08(4);

4

0.078

Fragaria vesca L

St-pl-Ros-07/18IBISS

Rosaceae

Divlja jagoda

w/herb/LC

Le, Fr

Tea; the fruits are eaten raw

O

Diarrhoea D11(1); Gastrointestinal infection D70(1); Urinary retention U08(3); Haemorrhoids K96(1); Health maintenance/prevention A98(1);

8

0.157

Frangula alnus Mill

St-pl-Rh-01/18IBISS

Rhamnaceae

Krušina

w/tree

Bk (dried and left to stand for at least a year)

Tea

O

Change faeces/bowel movements D18(2);

2

0.039

Fumaria officinalis L

St-pl-Fu-01/18IBISS

Papaveraceae

Dimnjača

w/herb

Ap

Tea (used for only 7–8 days)

O

Health maintenance/prevention A98(1); Liver disease NOS D97(2);

3

0.059

Galega officinalis L

St-pl-Fab-02/18IBISS

Fabaceae

Ždraljevina

w/herb

Ap

Tea

O

Diabetes non-insulin dependent T90(2);

2

0.039

Galium aparine L

St-pl-Rub-02/18IBISS

Rubiaceae

Broć, lepljivac

w/herb

Ap

Tea

T

Trauma/injury NOS A80(3); Lymph gland(s) enlarged/painful B02(1); Malignant neoplasm of skin S77 (1); Neoplasm skin benign/unspecified S79(1); Acne S96(1); Boil/carbuncle S10(2); Corn/callosity S20(1);

7

0.137

Galium odoratum Scop

St-pl-Rub-1/18IBISS

Rubiaceae

Lazarkinja

w/herb

Ap

Tea

O

Headache N01(1); Sleep disturbance P06(1);

1

0.019

Galium verum L

St-pl-Rub-03IBISS

Rubiaceae

Ivanjsko cveće

w/herb

Ap

Tea

O

T

Hypothyroidism/myxoedema T86(2); Malig. neoplasm digest other/NOS D77(1); Kidney symptom/complaint U14(1); Liver disease NOS D97(1); Blood/lymph/spleen disease other B99(1); Leukaemia B73(1); Epilepsy N88(1); Stomach function disorder D87(1); Feeling anxious/nervous/tense P01(1);

Skin injury other S19(8); Burn/scald S14(18); Boil/carbuncle S10(7) Malignant neoplasm of skin S77(2);

39

0.765

Gentiana asclepiadea L

St-pl-Gen-01/18IBISS

Gentianaceae

Plava lincura, Trava od žutice, Svećica

w/herb

Ap, Ro

Herb brandy ‘Travarica’ (1 small glassful is drunk in the morning);

Medicinal mixture: a kilogram of honey is mixed with approx. 50 g of the powdered root

One teaspoonful is taken (sucked) three times a day, under the tongue, before food. Instead of honey, the powdered root can be drunk with a little water, before food

O

Stomach function disorder D87(1); Malignancy NOS A79(51);

Liver disease NOS D97(5); Abdominal pain/cramps general D01(5); Jaundice D13(7); Health maintenance/prevention A98(2);

51

1

Gentiana cruciata L

St-pl-Gen-02/18IBISS

Gentianaceae

Otodovka

w/herb

Ap

Herb brandy

‘Travarica’;

Tea;

O

Stomach function disorder D87(6); Malignancy NOS A79(51);

A panacea – Feeling anxious/nervous/tense P01(4); Diabetes non-insulin dependent T90(3); Health maintenance/prevention A98(2); Worms/other parasites D96(5); Genital pain female X01(1); Liver disease NOS D97(4); Cholecystitis/cholelithiasis D98(4); Prostate symptom/complaint Y06(4); Change faeces/bowel movements D18(1); Cough R05(1); Loss of appetite T03(2);

51

1

Gentiana lutea L

St-pl-Gen-03/18IBISS

Gentianaceae

Lincura

w/herb/LC/HD

Ro

‘Gentian brandy’

(approx 50–100 g of root should be left to sit for 3 weeks in 1 L of twice-distilled brandy; one small glassful is drunk three times a day)

O

Dyspepsia/indigestion D07(34); Stomach function disorder D87(17);

51

1

Geranium robertianum L

St-pl-Ger-01/18IBISS

Geraniaceae

Crveni zdravac

w/herb

Ap

Tea

O

Injury urinary tract U80(3); Teeth/gum symptom/complaint D19(1); Mouth/tongue/lip symptom/complt. D20(1); Jaundice D13(2); Swollen ankles/oedema K07(1); Health maintenance/prevention A98(1);

7

0.137

Geum urbanum L

St-pl-Ros-08/18IBISS

Rosaceae

Zečija stopa

w/herb

Ro, Ap

Tea

O

Health maintenance/prevention A98(1);

1

0.019

Glechoma hederacea L

St-pl-Lam-02/18IBISS

Lamiaceae

Dobričica

w/herb

Ap

Tea

O

Respiratory symptom/complaint oth. R29(2);

2

0.039

Hedera helix L

St-pl-Ara-01/18IBISS

Araliaceae

Bršljan

w/herb

Le

Decoction

T

Allergy/allergic reaction NOS A92(1);

1

0.019

Heracleum sphondylium L

St-pl-Api-03/18IBISS

Apiaceae

Mečija šapa

w/herb

Ro

Tea

O

Epilepsy N88(1);

1

0.019

Herniaria glabra L

St-pl-Car-01/18IBISS

Caryophyllaceae

Kilavica, Sitnica

w/herb

WhPl

Tea

O

Urinary retention U08(1);

1

0.019

Humulus lupulus L

St-pl-Can-01/18IBISS

Cannabaceae

Hmelj

w/herb

Le, Fl

Tea

O

Feeling anxious/nervous/tense P01(2);

2

0.039

Hylotelephium spectabile (Boreau) H.Ohba

St-pl-Cras-01/18IBISS

Crassulaceae

Debela koka

w/c/herb

Le

Compress (the epidermis is removed from the leaf)

T

Boil/carbuncle S10(15); Skin injury other S19(17); Laceration/cut S18(3);

29

0.568

Hypericum perforatum L

St-pl-Hyp-01/18IBISS

Hypericaceae

Kantarion

w/herb

Ap

Tea, Oil

O

T

O/T

Peptic ulcer other D86(1); Liver disease NOS D97(2); Cholecystitis/cholelithiasis D98(2); Speech disorder N19(2); Sleep disturbance P06(4); Feeling anxious/nervous/tense P01(1); Bedwetting/enuresis P12(1);

Burn/scald S14(42) (applied externally); Laceration/cut S18(2); Skin injury other S19(35); Ear pain/earache H01(2) (the oil is used in the form of drops to treat earache); Haemorrhoids K96(2);

Pain respiratory system R01(1); Headache N01(1); Health maintenance/prevention A98(4);

51

1

Hyssopus officinalis L

St-pl-Lam-03/18IBISS

Lamiaceae

Miloduh, Izop

w/c//herb

Ap

Tea

O

Chest pain NOS A11(2); Pain respiratory system R01(4);

4

0.078

Inula helenium L

St-pl-Ast-12/18IBISS

Asteraceae

Beli oman

w/herb

Le, Fl

Tea

Tincture

O

T

Pain respiratory system R01(1); Sputum/phlegm abnormal R25(1); Health maintenance/prevention A98(1) (tea);

Rheumatoid/seropositive arthritis rheumatism L88(4); Limited function/disability (n) N28(1);

6

0.117

Juglans regia L

St-pl-Jug-01/18IBISS

Juglandaceae

Orah

w/c/tree

Le, Fr

Tea; the fruits are eaten raw; Walnut brandy – ‘Orahovača’

O

Health maintenance/prevention A98(2);

2

0.039

Juniperus communis L

St-pl-Cup-01/18IBISS

Cupressaceae

Kleka

w/shrub

Fr

Ro

Juniper brandy – ‘Klekovača’; Tea

Balm

O

T

‘Klekovača’: Health maintenance/prevention A98(13) and for massaging (improves circulation) – taken before breakfast; Gastrointestinal infection D70(3);

Tea: Prostatitis/seminal vesiculitis Y73(3); Urinary retention U08(2); Cystitis/urinary infection other U71(1); Cholecystitis/cholelithiasis D98(D) 1;

Chronic bronchitis R79(3);

Rheumatoid/seropositive arthritis L88(7);

17

0.333

Leonurus cardiaca L

St-pl-Lam-04/18IBISS

Lamiaceae

Srdačica

w/herb

Ap

Tea

O

T (a compress)

Paroxysmal tachycardia K79(4); Cardiac arrhythmia NOS K80(4); Feeling anxious/nervous/tense P01(2);

Burn/scald S14(2); Skin injury other S19(2); Boil/carbuncle S10(2); Dermatitis/atopic eczema S87(2);

6

0.117

Linum sp.

St-pl-Lin-01/18IBISS

Linaceae

Lan

w/herb

Se

Tea

O

Constipation D12(2); Weight loss T08(1);

3

0.059

Lycopodium clavatum L

St-pl-Lyc-01/18IBISS

Lycopodiaceae

Prečica, Crvotočina

w/herb/LC

WhPl

Tea (only one cup drunk a day, before breakfast)

O

Pain general/multiple sites A01(1); Liver disease NOS D97(1); Chronic ulcer skin S97(1);

1

0.019

Lycopus europaeus L

St-pl-Lam-05/18IBISS

Lamiaceae

Gagamija

w/herb/LC

Ap

Tea

O

Hyperthyroidism/thyrotoxicosis T85(1);

1

0.019

Lythrum salicaria L

St-pl-Lyt-01/18IBISS

Lythraceae

Vrbica, Tvrdac

w/herb/LC

Ap

Tea

O

Diarrhoea D11(1); Abdominal pain epigastric D02(2); Chronic enteritis/ulcerative colitis D94(2); Feeling anxious/nervous/tense P01(1); Genital pain female X01(1); Intermenstrual bleeding X08(2); Sexual function sympt./complt.(m) Y08(1); Cystitis/urinary infection other U71(1);

6

0.117

Malus sylvestris (L.) Mill

St-pl-Ros-09/18IBISS

Rosaceae

Divlja jabuka

w/tree/DD

Fr

Le

Pickling juice; Vinegar

Compress

O

T

Health maintenance/prevention A98(2);

Trauma/injury NOS A80(2);

3

0.059

Malva sylvestris L

St-pl-Mal-02/18IBISS

Malvaceae

Crni slez

w/herb

Fl

Le

Decoction (for cleaning and as a compress);

Cataplasm (a mash is made from mallow leaves and barley flour)

T

Skin injury other S19(3);

Benign neoplasm thyroid T72(1);

4

0.078

Marrubium vulgare L

St-pl-Lam-06/18IBISS

Lamiaceae

Marulja, Očajnica

w/herb

Ap

Tea

O

Infertility/subfertility W15(2);

2

0.039

Matricaria chamomilla L

St-pl-Ast-13/18IBISS

Asteraceae

Kamilica

w/herb

Ap

Tea

O

Pain respiratory system R01 (5); Influenza R80 (12);

15

0.294

Melilotus albus Medik

St-pl-Fab-04/18IBISS

Fabaceae

Beli kokotac

w/herb/LC

Ap

Tea

O

Heart pain K01(1); Varicose veins of leg K95(1);

1

0.019

Melilotus officinalis (L.) Pall

St-pl-Fab-03/18IBISS

Fabaceae

Žuti kokotac

w/herb/LC

Ap

Tea

O

Heart pain K01(1); Varicose veins of leg K95(5);

5

0.098

Melissa officinalis L

St-pl-Lam-07/18IBISS

Lamiaceae

Matičnjak, Matočina

w/herb

Ap

Tea

O

Pain respiratory system R01(22); Feeling anxious/nervous/tense P01(5);

27

0.529

Mentha × piperita L

St-pl-Lam-08/18IBISS

Lamiaceae

Pitoma nana

w/c/herb

Ap

Tea

O

Stomach function disorder D87(40); Pain respiratory system R01(4); Cough R05(7); Acute bronchitis/bronchiolitis R78(3); Chronic bronchitis R79(3); Influenza R80(22);

50

0.980

Mentha pulegium L

St-pl-Lam-09/18IBISS

Lamiaceae

Metvica

w/herb/LC

Ap

Tea

O

Stomach function disorder D87(12);

12

0.235

Mentha spicata L

St-pl-Lam-10/18IBISS

Lamiaceae

Divlja nana

w/herb/LC

Ap

Tea

O

Pain respiratory system R01(2); Acute bronchitis/bronchiolitis R78(2); Chronic bronchitis R79(2); Cough R05(1); Stomach function disorder D87(3);

8

0.157

Morus nigra L

St-pl-Mor-01/18IBISS

Moraceae

Crni dud

w/c/tree

Le

Tea

O

Diabetes non-insulin dependent T90(17);

17

0.333

Nasturtium officinale R.Br

St-pl-Bra-02/18IBISS

Brassicaceae

Potočarka

w/herb

Le

Juice

T

Acne S96(1);

1

0.019

Ocimum basilicum L

St-pl-Lam-12/18IBISS

Lamiaceae

Bosiljak

c/herb

Ap

Tea

O

Feeling anxious/nervous/tense P01(2); Sneezing/nasal congestion R07(9);

11

0.216

Ononis spinosa L

St-pl-Fab-05/18IBISS

Fabaceae

Zečiji trn

w/shrub

Ap

Tea

O

Urinary retention U08(2); Cystitis/urinary infection other U71(2); Urinary calculus U95(1);

3

0.059

Origanum vulgare L

St-pl-Lam-13/18IBISS

Lamiaceae

Vranilovka

w/herb

Ap

Tea, decoction

O

Influenza R80(3); Pain respiratory system R01(2); Strep throat R72(4); Cough R05(3); Acute bronchitis/bronchiolitis R78(3); Chronic bronchitis R79(3); Abdominal pain/cramps general D01(2); Dyspepsia/indigestion D07(2); Jaundice D13(2); Anxiety disorder/anxiety state P74(1); Tinnitus, ringing/buzzing ear H03(1); Headache N01(1); Infertility/subfertility male Y10(1);

21

0.412

Oxalis acetosella L

St-pl-Oxa-01/18IBISS

Oxalidaceae

Zečija soca

w/herb

Le (only fresh)

Tea, juice

O

Jaundice D13(1); Pyelonephritis/pyelitis U70(1); Dermatitis/atopic eczema S87(1);

3

0.059

Persicaria bistorta Samp

St-pl-Polygo-02/18IBISS

Polygonaceae

Srčanik, Srčenica

w/herb

Rh

Tea

O

Bleeding/haemorrhage NOS A10(2); Malignancy NOS A79(2); Health maintenance/prevention A98(2); Diarrhoea D11(3); Stomach function disorder D87(3); Heart pain K01(1); Genital pain female X01(16); Fibromyoma uterus X78(5);

26

0.510

Peucedanum sp.

St-pl-Api-05/18IBISS

Apiaceae

Raskovnik

w/herb

Ap

Tea, decoction

O

Mouth/tongue/lip symptom/complt. D20(1); Haematemesis/vomiting blood D14(1); Haemorrhoids K96(1); Nosebleeds/epistaxis R06(1); Urinary calculus U95(1); Urinary frequency/urgency U02(1); Menstruation excessive X06(1); Infertility/subfertility male Y10(1);

6

0.117

Phaseolus vulgaris L

St-pl-Fab-06/18IBISS

Fabaceae

Pasulj

c/herb

Fr (empty pods)

Tea

O

Diabetes non-insulin dependent T90(1);

1

0.019

Picea abies (L.) H.Karst

St-pl-Pin-01/18IBISS

Pinaceae

Smrča

w/tree

Re

Compress

T

Skin texture symptom/complaint S21(4); Trauma/injury NOS A80(2);

4

0.078

Pinus nigra J.F.Arnold

St-pl-Pin-02/18 IBISS

Pinaceae

Crni bor

w/tree

Ne, Re

Syrup (needles)

Compress (resin)

O

T

Cough R05(4) (syrup);

Skin texture symptom/complaint S21(5) (resin);

5

0.098

Plantago lanceolata L

St-pl-Pla-01/18IBISS

Plantaginaceae

Ženska bokvica

w/herb

Le

Tea, syrup

Mixed with honey

Compress

O

T

Cough R05(5); Urinary frequency/urgency U02(2); Health maintenance/prevention A98(4); Diarrhoea D11(2); Chronic enteritis/ulcerative colitis D94(2); Abdominal pain/cramps general D01(1); Duodenal ulcer D85(3); Genital pain female X01(1);

Abdominal pain/cramps general D01(1) (the leaves are ground and mixed with honey);

Trauma/injury NOS A80(31); Skin infection other S76(41); Chronic ulcer skin S97(31);

49

0.961

Plantago major L

St-pl-Pla-02/18IBISS

Plantaginaceae

Muška bokvica

w/herb

Le

Tea, syrup

Mixed with honey

Compress

O

T

Cough R05(5); Urinary frequency/urgency U02(2); Health maintenance/prevention A98(4); Diarrhoea D11(2); Chronic enteritis/ulcerative colitis D94(2); Abdominal pain/cramps general D01(1); Duodenal ulcer D85(3); Genital pain female X01(1);

Abdominal pain/cramps general D01(1) (the leaves are ground and mixed with honey);

Trauma/injury NOS A80(31); Skin infection other S76(41); Chronic ulcer skin S97(31);

49

0.961

Polygonum aviculare L

St-pl-Polygo-01/18IBISS

Polygonaceae

Troskot

w/herb

Ap

Tea

O

Health maintenance/prevention A98(1); Diarrhoea D11(1); Rectal bleeding D16(1); Jaundice D13(1); Rheumatoid/seropositive arthritis L88(1); Chronic obstructive pulmonary dis R95(1); Urinary calculus U95(1); Kidney symptom/complaint U14(1); Gout T92(1);

5

0.098

Polypodium vulgare L

St-pl-Polyp-01/18IBISS

Polypodiaceae

Slatka paprat

w/herb

Rh

Tea

O

Acute bronchitis/bronchiolitis R78(1); Chronic obstructive pulmonary dis R95(1);

1

0.019

Potentilla erecta (L.) Raeusch

St-pl-Ros-10/18IBISS

Rosaceae

Trava steža

w/herb

Rh

Decoction

O

T

Abdominal pain/cramps general D01(1); Bleeding/haemorrhage NOS A10(2); Diarrhoea D11(1); Mouth/tongue/lip symptom/complt. D20(1); Haemorrhoids K96(2);

Skin injury other S19(3);

9

0.176

Primula veris L

St-pl-Pri-02/18IBISS

Primulaceae

Jagorčevina

w/herb

Ro, Fl

Tea, syrup

O

Acute bronchitis/bronchiolitis R78(13); Cough R05(6); Feeling anxious/nervous/tense P01(1);

13

0.255

Prunus avium (L.) L

St-pl-Ros-11/18IBISS

Rosaceae

Trešnja

w/c/tree/LC

Fr

Herb brandy ‘Travarica’

O

Dyspepsia/indigestion D07(1); Health maintenance/prevention A98(1);

1

0.019

Prunus spinosa L

St-pl-Ros-12/18IBISS

Rosaceae

Trnjina

w/shrub/LC

Fr

Juice, tea, the fruits are eaten raw

O

Headache N01(1); Heart failure K77(3); Cholecystitis/cholelithiasis D98(4); Diabetes non-insulin dependent T90(4);

10

0.196

Pulmonaria officinalis L

St-pl-Bor-02/18IBISS

Boraginaceae

Plućnjak

w/herb

Ap

Tea

O

Asthma R96(14); Acute bronchitis/bronchiolitis R78(8); Tuberculosis A70(3); Cough R05(2);

21

0.412

Pyrus pyraster (L.) Burgsd

St-pl-Ros-13/18IBISS

Rosaceae

Divlja kruška

w/tree/LC

Le, Bk

Fr

Tea

Pickling juice ‘vinegar’; Herb brandy ‘Travarica’

O

Lipid disorder T93(31); Diabetes non-insulin dependent T90(12);

Stomach function disorder D87(1);

Health maintenance/prevention A98(3);

33

0.647

Rosa canina L

St-pl-Ros-14/18IBISS

Rosaceae

Šipak, Divlja ruža

w/shrub

Fr

Tea

O

Pain respiratory system R01(16); Influenza R80(12);

16

0.314

Rubus idaeus L

St-pl-Ros-16/18IBISS

Rosaceae

Malina

w/shrub

Le, Fr

Tea, the fruits are eaten raw

O

Fever A03(1); Laryngitis/tracheitis acute R77(1); Diarrhoea D11(1); Rectal bleeding D16(1); Menstruation excessive X06(3); Uncomplicate labour/delivery still W91(1);

7

0.137

Rubus plicatus Weihe & Nees

St-pl-Ros-15/18IBISS

Rosaceae

Kupina

w/shrub

Le, Fr

Tea; the fruits are eaten raw

O

Health maintenance/prevention A98(7); Iron deficiency anaemia B80(13); Pain respiratory system R01(1); Cough R05(1); Laryngitis/tracheitis acute R77(1); Dyspepsia/indigestion D07(3); Diarrhoea D11(2); Mouth/tongue/lip symptom/complt. D20(1); Genital pain female X01(1); Menstruation irregular/frequent X07(3); Elevated blood pressure K85(2);

18

0.353

Rumex patientia L

St-pl-Polygo-03/18IBISS

Polygonaceae

Zelje

w/herb

Se

Tea

O

Diarrhoea D11(9);

9

0.176

Ruta graveolens L

St-pl-Rut-01/18 IBISS

Rutaceae

Ruta

c/herb

Le

Only two leaves are eaten fresh during the day

O

Diarrhoea D11(1);

1

0.019

Salix alba L

St-pl-Sal-01/18IBISS

Salicaceae

Bela vrba

w/tree

Br (with young shoots) – ‘willow charcoal’

Le, Bk

Tea

O

Diarrhoea D11(1);

Cough R05(1);

1

0.019

Salvia officinalis L

St-pl-Lam-14/18IBISS

Lamiaceae

Žalfija

c/herb

Ap

Tea

O

T

Abdominal pain/cramps general D01(21); Menstrual pain X02(5); Fever A03(2); Tuberculosis A70(3); Liver disease NOS D97(2); Kidney symptom/complaint U14(2);

Infectious disease other/NOS A78(28);

30

0.588

Salvia verticillata L

St-pl-Lam-15/18IBISS

Lamiaceae

Pršljenasta kadulja, Seruša

w/herb

Le

Compress

T

Trauma/injury NOS A80(2);

2

0.039

Sambucus ebulus L

St-pl-Ado-01/18IBISS

Viburnaceae

Burjan

w/herb

Fr

Conserve, jam (must be measured out, 1 teaspoon, in the morning);

O

Malignancy NOS A79(8);

8

0.157

Sambucus nigra L

St-pl-Ado-02/18IBISS

Viburnaceae

Zova

w/tree

Fl

Tea

O

Pain respiratory system R01(4); Cough R05(5); Strep throat R72(4); Rheumatoid/seropositive arthritis L88(1); Urinary retention U08(1);

13

0.255

Sanguisorba minor Scop

St-pl-Ros-17/18IBISS

Rosaceae

Dinjica, Lubeničarka

w/herb

WhPl

Tea

T

Animal/human bite S13(4);

4

0.078

Sanicula europaea L

St-pl-Api-06/18IBISS

Apiaceae

Milogled

w/herb

Ro, WhPl

Tea

Tincture

O

T

(compress)

Health maintenance/prevention A98(1); Bleeding/haemorrhage NOS A10(1); Strep throat R72(1);

Trauma/injury NOS A80(2); Skin texture symptom/complaint S21(1); Gout T92(1);

4

0.078

Satureja montana L

St-pl-Lam-16/18IBISS

Lamiaceae

Čubrika, Rtanjski čaj

w/herb

Ap

Tea

O

Cough R05(35); Sputum/phlegm abnormal R25(2); Dyspepsia/indigestion D07(3); Flatulence/gas/belching D08(3); Anxiety disorder/anxiety state P74(4);

45

0.882

Scrophularia nodosa L

St-pl-Scr-01/18IBISS

Scrophulariaceae

Stupnik, Crna kopriva

w/herb

Le

Tea (just for gargling)

O

Goitre T81(1);

1

0.019

Sedum acre L

St-pl-Cras-02/18IBISS

Crassulaceae

Žednjak

w/herb

Ap

Tea

T

Haemorrhoids K96(1);

1

0.019

Sempervivum tectorum L

St-pl-Cras-03/18IBISS

Crassulaceae

Čuvarkuća

w/c/herb

Le

Juice

T

Otitis externa H70(6); Acute otitis media/myringitis H71(6); Ear pain/earache H01(6); for skin complaints S99(28); Haemorrhoids K96(16);

50

0.980

Solidago virgaurea L

St-pl-Ast-15/18IBISS

Asteraceae

Šumska zlatnica, Čelebi grana

w/herb

Ap

Tea

O

Cholecystitis/cholelithiasis D98(2); Cystitis/urinary infection other U71(1);

3

0.059

Sorbus domestica L

St-pl-Ros-18/18IBISS

Rosaceae

Oskoruša, Jarebika

w/tree

Fr (the fruits should to overripen)

The fruits are eaten raw

O

Chronic enteritis/ulcerative colitis D94(4); Constipation D12(6);

8

0.157

Sorbus torminalis (L.) Crantz

St-pl-Ros-19/18IBISS

Rosaceae

Brekinja

w/tree

Bk

Tea

O

Diabetes non-insulin dependent T90(5);

5

0.098

Stachys officinalis (L.) Trevis. St-pl-Lam-17/18IBISS

Lamiaceae

Ranilist, Ranjenik

w/herb

Le

Tea

Compress

O

T

Health maintenance/prevention A98(1); Jaundice D13(1); Asthma R96(1); Epilepsy N88(1); Headache N01(1); Heartburn D03(1); Malignancy NOS A79(1); Rheumatoid/seropositive arthritis L88(1);

Trauma/injury NOS A80(14);

18

0.353

Symphytum officinale L

St-pl-Bor-03/18IBISS

Boraginaceae

Crni gavez

w/herb

Ro

Ointment, compress (the ground root is cooked in milk and left to stand overnight; the dressing is changed every second day over a period of two months)

T

Joint symptom/complaint NOS L20(9); Bone fractures: Fracture: radius/ulna L72(15); Fracture: tibia/fibula L73(15); Fracture: hand/foot bone L74(15); Fracture: femur L75(15); Fracture: other L76(15);

20

0.392

Tanacetum vulgare L

St-pl-Ast-17/18IBISS

Asteraceae

Povratić

w/herb

Ap

Tea

O

Abortion induced W83(1);

1

0.019

Taraxacum officinale F.H.Wigg

St-pl-Ast-18/18IBISS

Asteraceae

Maslačak

w/herb

Ro

Le, Fl

Tea

Conserve, honey, salad

O

Constipation D12(8); Urinary retention U08(4); Cholecystitis/cholelithiasis D98(12); Lipid disorder T93(31);

Health maintenance/prevention A98(5);

48

0.941

Telekia speciosa (Schreb.) Baumg

St-pl-Ast-19/18IBISS

Asteraceae

Oman

w/herb

Ro

Tea, tincture

O

Acute bronchitis/bronchiolitis R78(6); Asthma R96(11);

13

0.255

Teucrium chamaedrys L

St-pl-Lam-18/18IBISS

Lamiaceae

Podubica

w/herb

Ap

Tea

O

Stomach function disorder D87(14); Acute bronchitis/bronchiolitis R78(6); Health maintenance/prevention A98(1);

21

0.412

Teucrium montanum L

St-pl-Lam-19/18IBISS

Lamiaceae

Trava iva

w/herb

Ap

Tea

O

Health maintenance/prevention A98(2); Cholecystitis/cholelithiasis D98(5); Haemorrhoids K96(6); Cough R05(12); Gastrointestinal infection D70(13); Diabetes non-insulin dependent T90(7);

34

0.666

Thymus serpyllum L

St-pl-Lam-20/18IBISS

Lamiaceae

Majčina dušica, Babina dušica

w/herb

Ap

Tea

O

Pain respiratory system R01(51); Influenza R80(12); Feeling anxious/nervous/tense P01(5); Infectious disease other/NOS A78(1); Heartburn D03(3); Menstruation irregular/frequent X07(5); Skin symptom/complaint other S29(3);

51

1

Tilia cordata Mill

St-p1-Til-01/18IBISS

Malvaceae

Sitnolisna lipa

w/tree

Le, Fl

Tea

O

Pain respiratory system R01(33); Cough R05(6);

39

0.765

Tilia platyphyllos Scop

St-p1-Til-02/18IBISS

Malvaceae

Krupnolisna lipa

w/tree

Le, Fl

Tea

O

Pain respiratory system R01(12); Cough R05(6);

18

0.353

Tilia tomentosa Moench

St-p1-Til-03/18IBISS

Malvaceae

Srebrna lipa

w/tree

Le, Fl

Tea

O

Pain respiratory system R01(12); Cough R05(6);

18

0.353

Trifolium pratense L

St-pl-Fab-07/18IBISS

Fabaceae

Crvena detelina

w/herb

Fl

Tea

O

Asthma R96(1); Cough R05(1); Health maintenance/prevention A98(1); Malignancy NOS A79(1); Feeling anxious/nervous/tense P01(1); Genital pain female X01(2);

7

0.137

Tussilago farfara L

St-pl-Ast-20/18IBISS

Asteraceae

Podbel

w/herb

Le

Tea

Compress

O

T

Cough R05(15); Chronic obstructive pulmonary dis R95(3);

Haemorrhoids K96(2) 2;

17

0.333

Urtica dioica L

St-pl-Urt-01/18IBISS

Urticaceae

Kopriva

w/herb

Ap

Tea, medicinal mixture (the tips of young shoots are mixed with approx. 15 walnuts: the mixture is ground thoroughly and then eaten)

O

Rheumatoid/seropositive arthritis L88(1); Leukaemia B73(12); Iron deficiency anaemia B80(40); Allergy/allergic reaction NOS A92(1); Health maintenance/prevention A98(11); Goitre T81(1); Jaundice D13(6); Varicose veins of leg K95(4); Weakness/tiredness general A04(5); Lipid disorder T93(3); Elevated blood pressure K85(3); Breast/lactation symptom/complaint W19(2); Haemorrhoids K96(5); Peptic ulcer other D86(1); Ischaemic heart disease w. angina K74(1); Diarrhoea D11(4); Diabetes non-insulin dependent T90(2);

Health maintenance/prevention A98(1);

51

1

Vaccinium myrtillus L

St-pl-Eri-01/18IBISS

Ericaceae

Borovnica

w/shrub

Le

Fr

Tea

Conserve, juice, or eaten as fresh or dried fruit

O

Urethritis U72(2); Urinary calculus U95(1); Urinary retention U08(1);

Health maintenance/prevention A98(46);

48

0.941

Vaccinium vitis-idaea L

St-pl-Eri-02/18IBISS

Ericaceae

Brusnica

w/shrub

Le, Fr

Fr

Tea, decoction

Pickling juice; the fruits are eaten raw

O

Infectious disease other/NOS A78(13); Kidney symptom/complaint U14(2); Bladder symptom/complaint other U13(2); Urethritis U72(5); Chronic enteritis/ulcerative colitis D94(2); to strengthen the heart muscle K77(3); Diabetes non-insulin dependent T90(6); Urinary calculus U95(3);

Health maintenance/prevention A98(4);

36

0.706

Valeriana officinalis L

St-pl-Val-01/18IBISS

Caprifoliaceae

Odoljen, Macina trava

w/herb

Ro

Tea

O

Feeling anxious/nervous/tense P01(11);

11

0.216

Verbascum densiflorum Bertol

St-pl-Scr-02/18IBISS

Scrophulariaceae

Divizma

w/herb

Fl

Tea

O

Cough R05(2); Acute bronchitis/bronchiolitis R78(2); Pain respiratory system R01(2); Chronic enteritis/ulcerative colitis D94(1); Urinary retention U08(1);

6

0.117

Verbascum phlomoides L

St-pl-Scr-03/18IBISS

Scrophulariaceae

Divizma, Svećnjak

w/herb

Fl

Tea

O

Cough R05(2); Acute bronchitis/bronchiolitis R78(2); Pain respiratory system R01(2); Chronic enteritis/ulcerative colitis D94(1); Urinary retention U08(1);

4

0.078

Verbena officinalis L

St-pl-Ver-01/18IBISS

Verbenaceae

Verbena

w/herb

Ap

Tea

O

Feeling anxious/nervous/tense P01(1); Rheumatoid/seropositive arthritis L88(1); Urinary retention U08(1);

3

0.059

Viola tricolour L

St-pl-Vio-02/18IBISS

Violaceae

Dan i noć, Žuta ljubičica

w/herb

Ap

Tea (for a rinse and as a compress)

T

Dermatitis/atopic eczema S87(2); Skin infection other S76(2);

3

0.059

Zea mays L

St-pl-Po-02/18IBISS

Poaceae

Kukuruz

c/herb

Fl (♀, Corn silk)

Tea

O

Urinary calculus U95(5); Urinary retention U08(5);

5

0.098