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Table 1 The semantic subcategories, together with their content

From: From the name to the popular image of the plant: the Polish names for the black elder (Sambucus nigra)

Complexes and collections

With which things and phenomena does the described plant co-occur, performing a common function

Oppositions

What are the oppositions typical of the plant and what feature becomes the basis for juxtapositions

Origin

What is the origin of the plant

Appearance and characteristics

The appearance of the defined plant (size, colour of flowers or fruit) and its characteristics (e.g. scent)

Flowering and harvest time

The flowering period of the plant and the time of harvesting its fruit

Cultivation and care

Information relating to the cultivation of the described plant

Location

Place of occurrence (growth) of the plant

Locator

Who lives/resides in the plant

Blessing

When and under what circumstances the plant is blessed

Practical use

Information on all the practical uses of the plant

Ritual use

Information on the use of the plant in annual rituals (e.g. Christmas, Easter, St. John’s Day) and family rituals (christening, wedding and funeral)

Magical use

Information on the use of the plant in magic (for protection, love, household)

Medicinal use

Information on the use of the plant in folk medicine and in folk veterinary medicine; both in medically justified practices and in magical treatments

Prophecies + divinations

How the plant is used by man to infer the future

Equivalents

A list of “cultural substitutes” for the plant, i.e. objects that appear in the same functions

Symbolism

This concludes the explication part, summarises the definition of the plant