Fig. 2

Genus-level phylogeny of the subfamily Amaryllidoideae obtained from Smith and Brown [73]. The lineage splits between the tribe Lycorideae in Central and East Asia (bottom, “Asian clade”) and a Mediterranean-centered unnamed clade (top, here “moly clade”) composed of the tribes Galantheae, Narcisseae, and Pancratieae. The moly clade includes many species with white flowers, bulbs with dark-colored outer scales, and reported AChE-inhibiting activity (Table S1). The size of the triangles is proportional to the number of species in each genus according to WFO [74]. Pictures from top to bottom: Narcissus papyraceus Ker Gawl., Narcissus cantabricus DC., Narcissus poeticus L., Sternbergia candida B.Mathew & T.Baytop, Pancratium Illyricum L., Galanthus nivalis L., Leucojum aestivum L., Acis valentina (Pau) Lledó, A.P.Davis & M.B.Crespo, Hannonia hesperidum Braun-Blanq. & Maire, Lapiedra martinezii Lag., Vagaria parviflora Herb., Lycoris aurea (L’Hér.) Herb., and Ungernia sewerzowii (Regel) B.Fedtsch. Figure: Picture of Narcissus papyraceus is protected under CC-BY 2.0 license (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Narcissus_white.jpg) and is authored by Juni; picture of Narcissus cantabricus is protected under CC-BY-NC-SA 2.0 license (https://www.flickr.com/photos/84259756@N05/15982337613) and is authored by Mark Gurney; picture of Narcissus poeticus is protected under CC-BY-SA 3.0 license (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Narcissus_poeticus_%27Recurvus%27.jpg) and is authored by Meneerke bloem; picture of Sternbergia candida is protected under CC-BY-SA 3.0 license (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Sternbergia_candida1a.UME.jpg) and is authored by Epibase; picture of Galanthus nivalis is protected under CC-BY-SA 2.0 license (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Galanthus_nivalis_2005.jpg) and is authored by Darkone; picture of Leucojum aestivum is protected under CC-BY-SA 3.0 license (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Leucojum_aestivum_2010_4×3.jpg) and is authored by Hans Bernhard; picture of Acis valentina is protected under CC-BY-SA 4.0 license (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Acis_valentina_flower.jpg) and is authored by Meneerke bloem; picture of Hannonia hesperidum is protected under CC-BY-NC 4.0 license (https://www.teline.fr/en/photos/amaryllidaceae/hannonia-hesperidum) and is authored by Xavier Bassières; picture of Lapiedra martinezii is protected under CC-BY-SA 4.0 license (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Lapiedra_martinezii_-_Flor_de_la_estrella.jpg) and is authored by Formater; picture of Vagaria parviflora is protected under CC-BY 3.0 license (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Pancratium_parviflorum_flower_1.JPG) and is authored by Gideon Pisanty; picture of Ungernia sewerzowii is protected under CC-BY-SA 4.0 license (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ungernia_sewerzowii_31659963.jpg) and is authored by Kudaibergen Amirekul