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Table 5 Organs of different vulture species used for mystical practises

From: Cultural attitudes and human pressure towards vultures around the Comoé National Park, Côte d’Ivoire (West Africa)

Species

Organ

CF

FL

Use

Hooded Vulture

Feather

3.8

2.3

Used to cast bad spells, makes a business grow, used by poachers to lure animals to water, used to gain supernatural strength

Heart

3.8

2.3

Used by poachers to disappear in a dangerous situation

Entire bird

11.5

6.8

Protection against evil spells, attracting customers to a business

White-headed Vulture

Head

27.3

8.2

Protection against bad spells, makes rain come

Foot/leg

6.1

1.8

Protection against bad spells

Feather

36.4

10.9

Used by hunters to fly away

Stomach

6.1

1.8

Used to make poison

Brain

3.0

0.9

Protection against bad spells

Bone

6.1

1.8

Used to have a long life

Entire bird

18.2

5.5

Attracting customers to a business, protection against bad spells

White-backed Vulture

Foot/leg

6.1

1.8

Protection against bad spells

Feather

44.4

26.7

Settling disputes in one’s favour

Bone

22.2

13.3

Attracting luck to oneself

Eye

11.1

6.7

Used by hunters to locate animals

Blood

11.1

6.7

Dedicating the clothing of traditional hunters

Lappet-faced Vulture

Head

8.3

4.4

Increases the number of guests in hotels and bars

Foot/leg

8.3

4.4

Allows hunters to avoid missing their targets

Feather

16.7

8.7

Makes a business grow

Entire bird

14.3

1.8

Protection against bad spells

Palm-nut Vulture

Foot/leg

14.3

1.8

Promotes wish fulfilment

Feather

28.6

3.6

Banishes evil spirits, protection against mystical attacks

  1. Shown is the citation frequency (CF) and fidelity level (FL) for each organ separated by species