Ethnobotanical study of traditional medicinal plants used by the local Gamo people in Boreda Abaya District, Gamo Zone, southern Ethiopia

Zemede, Juhar; Mekuria, Tegenu; Ochieng, Clintone Onyango; Onjalalaina, Guy Eric; Hu, Guang-Wan

doi:10.1186/s13002-024-00666-z

Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine

Table 3 Ethnomedicinal plants used by Gamo people of Boreda Abaya District and their traditional methods of remedy preparation (sorted by family name)

From: Ethnobotanical study of traditional medicinal plants used by the local Gamo people in Boreda Abaya District, Gamo Zone, southern Ethiopia

Family	Scientific name /species use report (Ur)	Local Name	Treated disease type	PU	Hb/Hbt	MP	Application mode	RA	V.N	Uses
Acanthaceae	Acanthus sennii Chiov. (5)	Kosheshlt	Cancer, Malaria	Leaves	S/W	Pounding and filtering, then mix with butter	Drenching	Oral	JZ082	Hm
	Hypoestes forskaolii (Vahl) R.Br. (1)	Dergu	Diabetes	Leaves	H/W	Pounding	Drenching	Oral	JZ043	Hm
	Justicia schimperi (Hochst.) Dandy (21)	Algi	Tapeworm	Leave, Seed	CL/W	Pounding	Drenching	Oral	JZ006	Hm
	Thunbergia abyssinica Turrill (3)	Abeba hareg	Fever, wart	Leaves, fruit	CL/W	Pounding	Drenching	Oral	JZ001	Hm
Alliaceae	Allium cepa L. (11)	key tumo	Hypertension	Bulb	H/Hg	Cooking	Eating	Oral	JZ169	Hm
Alliaceae	Allium sativum L. (20)	Nech shinkurt	Malaria, common cold, sexual impotence, hypertension	Bulb	H/Hg	Pounding, crushing Zingiber officinale	Eating	Oral, Nasal	JZ053	Both
Aloaceae	Aloe spps (23)	Ret	Malaria	Latex	H/Rs	Cutting and eating after removing the skin from the bulb	Eating	Oral	JZ168	Hm
Amaranthaceae	Achyranthes aspera var. sicula L. (1)	Telenji	Headache, fever	Leaves	H/W	Squeezing	Sniffing	Nasal	JZ134	Hm
	Alternanthera pungens Kunth (2)	kindicho	Kidney, mate organ burn (male)	Leave	H/W	Cooking	Drenching	Oral	JZ186	Hm
	Beta vulgaris L.(4)	Key sir	Hypertension, migraine	Root, leave	H/Hg	Cooking	Eating	Oral	JZ075	Hm
	Celosia trigyna L. (5)	Majimala	Internal parasite	Leave	H/W	Pounding	Rubbing	Oral	JZ089	Hm
Anacardiaceae	Mangifera indica L. (15)	Mango	Heartburn, diabetes, gastric	Fruit	T/Fl	Cutting and eating fruits directly	Eating	Oral	JZ091	Hm
	Rhus ruspolii Engl. (1)	Maldaye	Trachoma/eye disease	Leaves, root	S/W	Grinding and pounding	Rubbing around eye	Optical	JZ090	Lv
	Sclerocarya birrea (A. Rich.) Hochst. (1)	Yebereha lomii	Diarrhea	Fruit	T/W	Cutting and eating fruits	Eating	Oral	JZ147	Both
Annonaceae	Annona senegalensis Pers. (8)	Gishta	Gastric, heart problems, diabetes, toothache, pneumonia	Fruit, Leave, bark	S/Hg	Cutting the fruit, pounding the bark	Eating	Oral	JZ061	Hm
Apiaceae	Coriandrum sativum L. (9)	Debo	Malaria	Seed	H/Hg	Powdering and mix with water	Drenching	Oral	JZ179	Hm
Apiaceae	Foeniculum vulgare Mill. (15)	Katikala	kidney stone, headache, asthma	Leave, flower, seed	H/Hg	Dry and pounding	Chewing, drenching	Oral	JZ072	Hm
Apocynaceae	Acokanthera schimperi (A.DC.) Schweinf. (11)	Yeshincha	Wound, dermatitis	Leave, Roots	T/W	Crushing, powdering, and cooking	Eating, rubbing	Oral, dermal	JZ151	Both
	Leptadenia hastata Vatke (1)	Bosatura	Hypertension	Leave	CL/W	Pounding and mixing water	Drenching	Oral	JZ185	Hm
	Pentatropis nivalis (J.F.Gmel.) D.V.Field & J.R.I.Wood (1)	Marena	Mate organ burn	Leave	CL/W	Pounding, rubbing	Drenching and rubbing	Oral, dermal	JZ093	Hm
	Carissa spinarum L. (16)	Leda	Skin disease	Leave	CL/W	Pounding by water	Drenching	Oral	JZ086	Hm
Araceae	Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott (33)	Godere	Asthma, nerve	whole part	H/Hg	Cooking	Eating	Oral	JZ062	Hm
Araliaceae	Schefflera abyssinica (Hochst. ex A.Rich.) Harms (3)	Koyira	Tooth age, sudden illness	Leaves	T/W	Crushing	Tie on	Dermal	JZ084	Hm
Asparagaceae	Asparagus setaceus (Kunth) Jessop (12)	Serite	Uren problem, respiratory infection	Leave, stem	CL/W	Pounding with black cumin seed and mix with water	Drenching, tie-on	Oral, tie on	JZ117	Both
Asteraceae	Acmella caulirhiza Delile (41)	Aidamia	Earache, trypanosomiasis	Leaves, flower	H/W	Pounding by water	Ear drop	Areal	JZ063	Both
	Artemisia absinthium L. (14)	Natira	Artists, headache, abortion control, anti-parasite	Leave	H/Hg	Crushing and boiling the leave	Drink and sniffing	Oral	JZ101	Both
	Artemisia annua L. (30)	Abukee	Headache, Malaria	Leave	H/Hg	Pounding	Sniffing and drenching	Nasal and oral	JZ002	Both
	Aspilia africana (Pers.) C.D.Adams (3)	Kishikisha	Nerve, kidney problem	Leave	H/W	Crushing	Chewing	Oral	JZ077	Hm
	Conyza bonariensis (L.) Cronquist (1)	Bosha	Common cold	Leave	H/W	Crushing and pounding	Eaten or drenching	Oral	JZ020	Both
	Crassocephalum macropappum (Sch. Bip. ex A. Rich.) S. Moore (1)	yegishatele	Wound healing	Flower, leave	H/W	Pounding	Drenching	Oral	JZ149	Both
	Echinops amplexicaulis Oliv. (23)	Buris	Fever, evil eye, headache, abdominal pain	Tuber	H/W	Pounding the tuber and mix with water	Drenching	Oral	JZ183	Both
	Echinops kebericho Mesfin (27)	Dechmirich/keberich	Cancer, Sudden illness, evil eye	Tuber	H/Hg	Pounding	Fumigate, drink	Oral, dermal	JZ041	Hm
	Gnaphalium rubriflorum Hilliard (17)	Zenbano	Headache, fever, hypertension	Leave	H/W	Pounding with the Ocimum lamifolium	Sniffing and drenching	Oral	JZ173	Both
	Solanecio gigas (Vatke) C. Jeffrey (1)	Olomo	Dysentery	Leaves	S/W	Pounding the leave	Drench	Oral	JZ174	Lv
	Tagetes minuta L. (7)	Gemee	Insect repellant	Leaves	H/W	Cutting	Smoking or fumigation	Fumigation	JZ055	Hm
	Vernonia adoensis Sch.Bip. ex Walp. (3)	Buza	Wound, skin rushing	Leaves	S/W	Pounding with Aloe spp	Smearing or drenching	Oral	JZ026	Hm
	Vernonia amygdalina Delile (34)	Gera	Wound, malaria, breast pain, skin disease, evil eye	Leaves	S/W	Pounding with the leave of Withania somnifera and Datura stramonium	Bathing, drenching	Oral, dermal	JZ056	Both
	Vernonia cinerascens Sch.Bip. (5)	Ginagina	Urinary tract infections, male sterility, constipation	Stem, leaves	S/W	Cutting equal sticks and rubbing on the abdomen, pained by hotted, and pounding for internal disease	Rubbing, drenching	Dermal	JZ060	Both
	Vernonia hochstetteri Sch.Bip. ex Hochst. (2)	Mono	Wound, abdominal pain	Leaves	S/W	Pounding with Solanum incanum and filtering	Drenching	Oral	JZ098	Both
	Xanthium strumarium L. (5)	Elahotele	Dandruff, head wound, skin rushes	Leaves	H/FL	Powdering and mixing with butter	Dressing or rubbing	Dermal	JZ046	Both
Balanitaceae	Balanites aegyptiaca (L.) Delile (4)	Badena	Tapeworm, toothache	Seed	T/W	crushing and eating the seed	Eating	Oral	JZ016	Hm
Balsaminaceae	Impatiens rothii Hook.f. (5)	Wusollua/insosilla	Abortion, wound	Tuber	H/Hg	Pounding	Drenching	Oral	JZ145	Hm
Boraginaceae	Cordia africana Lam. (3)	Moha	Urine retention	Leave	T/W	Pounding	Drenching	Oral	JZ097	Hm
Boraginaceae	Ehretia cymosa Thonn. (1)	Etiwarjii/ulaga	kidney problem	Leave	T/W	Crushing and pounding	Drenching	Oral	JZ052	Hm
Brassicaceae	Brassica carinata A.Braun (2)	Santaayfe	Epilepsy	Seed	H/Hg	Roasting the seed and eating it with butter or alone	Drenching	Oral	JZ178	Hm
	Brassica nigra (L.) W.D.J.Koch (3)	Senafich	Nerve problems, diarrhea, vomiting, heart disease	Seed	H/Fl	Pounding the seed	Eating	Oral	JZ115	H
	Lepidium sativum L. (10)	Sibika/feto	Gastric, thorax disease, colic	Seed	H/W	Crushing and pounding by water	Drenching	Oral	JZ124	Both
Bromeliaceae	Ananas comosus (L.) Merr. (16)	Ananas	Heartburn, skin disease	Fruit	H/Fl	Cutting	Eating	Oral	JZ162	Hm
Burseraceae	Boswellia papyrifera (Caill.) Hochst. (3)	Eatan zaf	Evil eye, inflammation	Bark	T/W	Crushing and firing	Fumigating	Dermal	JZ045	Hm
Cannaceae	Canna indica L (13)	Setakurii	Malaria, gonorrhea, earache	Seed, root, flower	H/W	Pounding	Drenching	Oral	JZ118	Hm
Capparaceae	Maerua oblongifolia (Forssk.) A. Rich. (1)	Kundoro	Shivering/Gend	Leave	S/W	Pounding in water	Drenching	Oral	JZ177	Lv
Caricaceae	Carica papaya L. / (13	Papaya	Gastric, heartburn, wart	Fruit	S/Fl	Cutting	Eating	Oral	JZ108	Hm
Celastraceae	Catha edulis (Vahl) Endl. (11)	Cat	Headache, mental illness, asthma	Leave, stem	S/H	Chewing	Chewing	Oral	JZ028	Hm
Celastraceae	Hippocratea africana (Willd.) Loes. ex Engl. (1)	Daniko	Common cold	Leaves	CL/W	Pounding	Fumigation	Oral	JZ039	Hm
Combretaceae	Combretum molle R.Br. ex G.Don (4)	Sobo	Fever, constipation, headache, malaria	Bark	T/W	Pounding and mix with Ocimum lamifolium	Drenching	Oral	JZ128	Both
Commelinaceae	Commelina benghalensis L. (2)	Delisha	Skin disease, wound	Leave, flower	H/W	Pounding by water	Rubbing	Dermal	JZ042	Both
Crasulaceae	Kalanchoe petitiana A.Rich. (9)	Korde	Lung fever	Leave, Seed	H/Hg	Pounding	Drenching	Oral	JZ081	Hm
Cucurbitaceae	Cucurbita pepo L. (6)	Dubba	Tapeworm, hypertension	Seed, fruit	CL/Hg	Cooking	Eating	Oral	JZ044	Hm
	Lagenaria siceraria (Molina) Standl. (2)	Gosee/kill	Infertility, tapeworm	Seed	CL/Hg	Roasting the seed	Eating	Oral	JZ073	Hm
	Momordica foetida Schumach. (3)	Ache	Gastric, hair loss, skin disease	Leave	Cl/W	Chopping	Chewing	Oral	JZ003	Hm
Cupressaceae	Juniperus procera Hochst. ex Endl. (17)	Habesha tid	Evil eye, abdominal pain, Pasteurellosis	Leave, Seed	T/W	Squeezing the leave and crushing the cone (for animal salt is added)	Drenching	Oral	JZ137	Lv
Cyperaceae	Schoenoplectus corymbosus (Roth ex Roem. & Schult.) J.Raynal (1)	Cecha/cyperus	Wart	Seed	H/W	Pounding with Nicotiana tabacum seed	Tie on, drench, or rubbing	Oral, dermal	JZ029	Hm
Dennstaedtiaceae	Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn (9)	Simiza	Cancer, TB, arthritis	Leaves	H/W	Decoction	Bathing, drenching	Oral	JZ126	Hm
Dracaenaceae	Sansevieria forskaliana (Schult. & Schult.f.) Hepper & J.R.I. Wood (3)	Qaca	Earache, Malaria	Bulb	H/W	Cutting	Rubbing	Aerial	JZ111	Hm
Ericaceae	Agarista salicifolia (Lam.) G.Don (1)	Gaso	Itching	Leave	S/Rs	Grinding	Rubbing	Dermal	JZ176	LV
Euphorbiaceae	Croton macrostachyus Hochst. ex Delile (40)	Anka	Bleeding, skin disease, dandruff	Leave	T/W	Squeezing	Smearing, tie on	Dermal	JZ010	Both
	Euphorbia abyssinica J.F.Gmel. (1)	Akirsa	Hepatitis	Latex	S/Rs	Cutting and Eating with Ensete ventricosum product of Kocho	Eating	Oral	JZ165	Hm
	Euphorbia ampliphylla Pax (1)	Argide	Gonorrhea	Leave, Root	S/Rs	Decoction	Drenching	Oral	JZ012	Hm
	Jatropha curcas L. (2)	Jatrova	Wound	Latex	S/Rs	Cutting and dropping the mucus	Hold on	Dermal	JZ068	Hm
	Manihot esculenta Crantz (26)	Cassava	Hypertension, arthritis	Root	S/Hg	Powdering, cooking	Eating	Oral	JZ027	Hm
	Ricinus communis L. (5)	Guloo	Wound, tonsillitis	Fruit, root	S/W	Pounding	Painting or rubbing, drenching	Oral, dermal	JZ064	Hm
	Sapium ellipticum (Hochst.) Pax (2)	Wuzingie	Skin disease, digestive problem	Leaves, root	T/W	After decocting the leave or root, it is taken with honey	Drenching and rubbing	Oral, dermal	JZ146	Lv
	Tragia cinerea (Pax) M.G.Gilbert & Radcl.-Sm. (3)	Aleblabit	Snake bit	Root	S/W	Pounding	Drenching	Oral	JZ004	Hm
Fabaceae	Albizia gummifera (J.F.Gmel.) C.A.Sm. (3)	Sisa	Hypertension, eye disease, diabetes	Seed, root	T/W	Pounding with water	Drenching	Oral	JZ127	Hm
	Cicer arietinum L. (2)	Shimbira	Cholesterol, kidney problem	Seed	H/Fl	Powdering	Eating	Oral	JZ120	Hm
	Erythrina abyssinica Lam. (1)	Korch	Diarrhea	Root, leave	T/W	Pounding	Drenching	Oral	JZ080	Both
	Erythrina brucei Schweinf. (3)	Quora	Snake bit, cancer, Nerve/paralysis	Root, leave	T/W	Pounding	Drenching	Oral	JZ161	Both
	Millettia ferruginea (Hochst.) Hochst. ex Baker (2)	Zagie	Skin disease	Leave	T/W	Pounding	Drenching	Oral	JZ153	Hm
	Parochaetus communis D. Don (1)	Yemidir koso	Abdominal pain	Leave, seed	H/W	Pounding	Drenching	Oral	JZ150	Hm
	Pterolobium stellatum (Forssk.) Brenan (3)	Pinduki	Chickenpox, TB, stomachache	Leaves	CL/W	Chewing for TB, pounding and filtering with food for hen or inject	Chewing, inject	Dermal, oral	JZ109	Both
	Senna occidentalis (L.) Link (2)	Shoshainxersa	Snake bit	Leaves	S/W	Pounding	Tie on and Drenching	Oral	JZ122	Hm
	Tamarindus indica L. (9)	Roqa	Tape worm, malaria	Seed	T/W	Cutting	Drenching	Oral	JZ113	Hm
	Tephrosia pumila (Lam.) Pers. (1)	Charend	Back pain	Leaves	H/W	Pounding	Rubbing and tying on	Dermal	JZ030	Hm
	Vigna subterranea (L.) Verdc. (5)	Lewz	Digestive problem, sexual impotence	Seed	H/Hg	Roasting the seed and eating it with butter	Eating	Oral	JZ087	Hm
Lamiaceae	Ajuga integrifolia Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don (19)	Harmagusa	Diarrhea, eye disease, placenta problem, wound	Leave	H/W	Squeezing	Drenching	Oral	JZ067	Hm
	Becium grandiflorum (Lam.) Pic.Serm. (3)	Pitisa	Smallpox (kufign, mich, malaria	Leave	H/W	Crushing and pounding	Bathing and drenching	Dermal, Oral	JZ110	Hm
	Clerodendrum alatum Gürke (1)	Alga	Urinary problems	Leave	H/W	Squeezing the juice	Rubbing, drenching	Oral, dermal	JZ005	Lv
	Clerodendrum myricoides (Hochst.) R.Br. ex Vatke (7)	Boymech	Hypertension	Leave	S/W	Pounding	Drenching	Oral	JZ022	Hm
	Coleus abyssinicus (Fresen.) A.J.Paton (1)	Shona	Gend/shivering disease	Leaves	S/W	Pounding by water and filter	Injection or drenching	Oral	JZ121	Lv
	Fuerstia africana T.C.E. Fr. (8)	Yeteja lebeq	Toothage, eye disease, febrile illness	Leaves	H/W	Squeezing	Drenching and creaming	Oral, dermal	JZ152	Hm
	Leonotis ocymifolia (Burm.f.) Iwarsson (3)	kata lush	Headache, depression	Leave	S/W	Crushing	Sniffing	Nasal	JZ071	Hm
	Leucas tomentosa Gürke (3)	Daracha	Headache, skin rashes, fever	Leave	H/W	Pounding	Drink and rub	Oral, dermal	JZ172	Both
	Mentha spica L. (23)	Sheyketal	Headache, common cold	Leave	H/Hg	Boiling the leave and drink	Sniffing/ inhaling the vapor as fumigate	Dermal	JZ100	Hm
	Ocimum basilicum L. (13)	Besobila	Digestive problem	Leave, seed	H/Hg	Cooking	Eating	Oral	JZ017	Hm
	Ocimum lamiifolium Hochst. ex Benth. (56)	Mechtale	Febrile illness, headache, skin disease	Leave	S/Hg	Decocting the leave alone	Drink and rubbing	Oral	JZ019	Hm
	Ocimum urticifolium Benth. (31)	Damakase/anchaf	Asthma, headache, febrile illness, mastitis	Leave	S/W	Pounded and drenched the filter with salt	Sniffing and drenching	Nasal, oral	JZ036	Both
	Rosmarinus officinalis L. (22)	Sigametbesha	Headache, depression, asthma	Leaves	S/Hg	Pounding and boiling with coffee and Ruta chalepensis leaves or seed	Drenching, sniffing	Nasal, oral	JZ125	Hm
	Salvia nilotica Juss. ex Jacq. (9)	Gasind/deladhae	Wound, maceration	Leaves	H/W	Pounding	Drenching	Oral, dermal	JZ054	Both
	Satureja genus (6)	Yesukar medanit	Hypertension, high cholesterol	Leaves	S/Hg	Crushing	Chewing	Oral	JZ021	Hm
	Thymus vulgaris L. (3)	Tosign	Headache, asthma	Leaves	H/Hg	Crushing and pounding	Sniff and smoke	Nasal	JZ139	Hm
Lauraceae	Persea americana Mill. (19)	Avocado	Skin disease, gastric, diabetes	Fruit	S/Hg	Cutting the fruits and eat	Eat	Oral	JZ015	Hm
Linaceae	Linum usitatissimum L. (5)	Telba	Dry common cold, gastric	Seed	H/Hg	Powdering and mixing with Eragrostis tef	Drenching	Oral	JZ133	Hm
Loranthaceae	Phragmanthera regularis (Steud. ex Sprague) M.G.Gilbert (2)	Tsensa	Intestinal infection	Leaves	Ep/W	Pounding	Drenching	Oral	JZ141	Hm
Malvaceae	Dombeya torrida (J.F.Gmel.) Bamps (1)	Lolashe	Wound	Root	T/W	Powdering	Dressing	Dermal	JZ182	Both
	Gossypium hirsutum L. (2)	Tit	Bleeding, wound	Seed	S/Fl	Cutting	Hold on	Dermal	JZ035	Both
	Sida ovata Forssk. (3)	Chursa	Skin infections, stomachache, thorax	Leaves	S/W	Grinding and pounding	Rubbing, washing	Dermal	JZ033	Hm
	Sida rhombifolia L. (1)	Danderuta	Constipation	Leaves	H/W	Pounding the leave and mix with butter	Drenching	Oral	JZ038	Both
	Sida schimperiana Hochst. ex A.Rich. (2)	Chifrig	Wound, fever	Root	H/W	After washing the root, it pounded	Hold on	Dermal	JZ032	Hm
Meliaceae	Ekebergia capensis Sparrm. (1)	Ononu	Cancer	Bark	T/W	Pounding	Drenching	Oral	JZ107	Hm
	Melia azedarach L. (3)	Nime	Skin disease, toothache, dandruff	Leave	T/W	Chewing	Chewing	Oral	JZ170	Both
Melianthaceae	Bersama abyssinica Fresen. (1)	Azamir	Rabies	Root	S/W	Pounding	Drenching	Oral	JZ160	Hm
Menispermaceae	Stephania abyssinica (Quart. -Dill. & A. Rich.) Walp. (2)	Kelala	Wound, vomiting	Root	CL/W	Pounding with Argemone mexicana	Hold on or tie on	Dermal	JZ074	Both
Moraceae	Ficus sur Forssk (2)	Ase/shola	Heart problem, wound	Bark	T/W	Pounding, dressing	Rubbing	Oral, dermal	JZ184	Hm
	Ficus sycomorus L. (2)	Maro	Stomach-ache	Leaves	T/W	Pounding with water	Drenching	Oral	JZ094	Hm
	Morus alba L. (2)	Enjorii	Nerve problem, headache	Leave, fruit	CL/W	Pound the leave and mix with butter, or cut and eat fruit directly	Drink the juice and eat the seeds	Oral	JZ047	Hm
Moringaceae	Moringa stenopetala (Baker f.) Cufod. (51)	Alleko	Malaria, kidney problem	whole part	T/W	Grinding or pounding	Drenching	Oral and dermal	JZ007	Hm
Musaceae	Ensete ventricosum (Welw.) Cheesman (30)	Enset	Gastric, hypertension	whole part	S/Hg	Cooking or using as food	Eating	Oral	JZ049	Both
Myrtaceae	Eucalyptus citriodora Hook. (29)	Sheto beharzaf	Headache, fever, common cold, thorax	Leave, bark	T/Fl	Crushing and firing the leave	Inhale smoke	Fumigation	JZ104	Hm
	Eucalyptus globulus Labill. (20)	Nech beharzaf	Headache, febrile illness, cough, urine burn, black leg	Leave	T/W	Fire the leave and inhale the smoke, and pounding with salt for animal	Fumigation, washing	Dermal	JZ102	Both
	Psidium guajava L. (5)	Zeytun	Gastric, infertility	Fruit	S/Hg	Cutting and eating fruits more	Eating	Oral	JZ164	Hm
	Syzygium guineense (Willd.) DC. (2)	Oche	Abdominal pain	Fruit, bark	T/W	Cutting	Eating	Oral	JZ105	Hm
Olacaceae	Ximenia americana L. (4)	Enkoy	Fever, toothache, common cold	Fruit	T/W	Cutting the fruits and eat	Eat	Oral, dermal	JZ148	Hm
Oleaceae	Jasminum grandiflorum L. (23)	Tembelel/deda tura	Hepatitis, earache, cough, sexual impotence, headache, skin disease	Leaves, flower	CL/W	Decoction, pounding, and powdering	Rubbing, washing, dropping, drink	Oral, dermal, nasal, optical	JZ163	Hm
Oleaceae	Olea europaea L. (13)	Weyra	Heart disease, malaria, stomachache	Leave, seed	S/W	Pounding the leave	Drenching	Oral	JZ144	Hm
	Olea welwitschii (Knobl.) Gilg & G.Schellenb. (1)	Damot weyra	Toothage	Stem, Leaves	S/W	Cutting and brushing by the sticks or leaves	hold on and rubbing	Oral	JZ037	Hm
Oxlidaceae	Oxalis corniculata L. (1)	Zelamata	Wound	Leave	H/W	Crushing and tying on	Tie on	Dermal	JZ154	Hm
Papaveraceae	Argemone mexicana L. (5)	Nech lebash	Wound	Stem	H/W	Cutting and dropping the mucus on the wound	Drop on	Dermal	JZ103	Both
Peraceae	Clutia abyssinica Jaub. & Spach (3)	Feyelfej	Infertility, malaria, gonorrhea	Root, leaves	S/W	Pounding	Drenching	Oral	JZ034	Both
Peraceae	Clutia lanceolata Forssk. (4)	Fyle feji	Diabetes	Leave	S/W	Pounding	Drenching	Oral	JZ171	Hm
Phyllanthaceae	Bridelia scleroneura Müll.Arg. (1)	Zuzie	Inflammation	Leave, stem	T/W	Pounding with water	Drenching	Oral	JZ157	Lv
Phytolacaceae	Phytolacca dodecandra L'Hér. (32)	Anchiche	Skin infection	Leaves	CL/W	Pounding	Rubbing	Dermal	JZ009	Hm
Plumbaginaceae	Plumbago zeylanica L. (4)	Amira	Eye disease, toothache, earache	Leaves, fruit	H/W	Squeezing and pounding	Dropping ear, drenching	Oral, Aerial	JZ008	Hm
Poaceae	Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf (6)	Frenji tejisar	Headache, blackleg, insect repellant	Leave	H/Hg	Crushing and boiling	Drenching	Oral	JZ158	Both
	Cymbopogon martini (Roxb.) Will.Watson (3)	Tejisar	Intestinal infection, headache	Leave	H/Hg	Boiling the leave and drinking tea	Drenching	Oral	JZ132	Both
	Eragrostis tef (Zuccagni) Trotter (2)	Tef	Heart problem	Seed	H/Fl	Cooking the powder	Eating	Oral	JZ076	Hm
	Panicum maximum Jacq. (1)	Tura	Bleeding	Leave	CL/W	Pounding	Tie on	Dermal	JZ143	Both
	Pennisetum sphacelatum (Nees) T.Durand & Schinz (2)	Sendedo	Wound, eye disease	Leaves	H/W	Pounding, rubbing	Holding on and rubbing	Dermal	JZ116	Both
	Saccharum officinarum L. (5)	Sugarcane	Gastric, hepatitis	Stem	S/Hg	Cutting the stem and chewing	Eating	Oral	JZ130	Both
Podocarpaceae	Podocarpus falcatus (Thunb.) Endl. (5)	Zigba	Tapeworm, eye disease, malaria	Seed	T/W	Pounding and powdering	Drenching and rubbering	Optical, oral	JZ155	Both
Polygalaceae	Securidaca longepedunculata Fresen. (5)	Sangana	Headache, stomach-ache, TB, Inflammation	Leave, root, bark	S/W	Crushing and powdering	Drenching	Oral	JZ114	Both
Polygonaceae	Rumex abyssinicus Jacq. (19)	Meqmeko	Diabetes, cancer	Leaves, root	S/W	Chewing or filter after pounding, then mix with honey	Drenching	Oral	JZ095	Hm
	Rumex nepalensis Spreng. (2)	Qtel rejim	Uterine bleeding	Root, leaves	H/W	Chewing	Eating	Oral	JZ112	Both
	Drynaria volkensii Hieron.(1)	Kakiyee	Wound	Leave	EP/W	Squeezing	Tinning on	Dermal	JZ069	Hm
Primulaceae	Embelia schimperi Vatke (2)	Enkoko	Gastric	whole part	CL/W	Pounding and chopping	chew and drink	Oral	JZ048	Hm
Primulaceae	Maesa lanceolata Forssk. (3)	Terika	Skin infection, Gend/shivering disease	Leave	S/W	Pounding and filtering	Drenching or injecting	Oral	JZ140	Both
Ranunculaceae	Clematis hirsuta Perr. & Guill. (1)	Soge	Wound	Leave	CL/W	Pounding with water	Drenching	Oral	JZ129	both
Ranunculaceae	Nigella sativa L. (31)	Tikur azmud	Headache, febrile illness, athletic feet, skin infection, tonsilitis	Seed	H/Hg	Pounding, powdering	Sniffing, dropping, rubbing	Aerials, dermal, oral	JZ013	Hm
Rhamnaceae	Rhamnus prinoides L'Hér. (3)	Gesho	Blood vessel problem, ringworm	Leaves, seed	S/Hg	Grind and pound by water and filter	Drenching	Oral	JZ057	Both
Rhamnaceae	Ziziphus mauritiana Lam. (3)	Kurkura	Hepatitis, abdominal pain	Seed	T/W	Cutting	Eat	Oral	JZ085	Hm
Rosaceae	Hagenia abyssinica (Bruce) J.F.Gmel. (35)	Koso	Tapeworm	Seed	T/W	Pounding	Drenching	Oral	JZ083	Hm
	Malus sylvestris (L.) Mill. (3)	Apple	Gastric, cancer, inflammation	Fruit	T/Hg	Cutting	Eating	Oral	JZ011	Hm
	Prunus africana (Hook.f.) Kalkman (3)	Okanse	Gonorrhea, malaria	Bark, root	T/W	Pounded and filtered, mix with butter or drink with honey	Drenching	Oral	JZ106	Both
Rubiaceae	Canthium oligocarpum Hiern (3)	Galo	Headache, internal infection, skin disease	Leave	S/W	Pounding	Drenching	Oral	JZ188	Hm
	Coffea arabica L. (27)	Buna	Wound, depression, headache	whole part	S/Hg	Roasting and powdering	Drenching	Oral	JZ024	Both
	Galiniera saxifraga (Hochst.) Bridson (2)	Darume	Bone rupture	Stem, Leave	S/W	Crushing and mixing with water	Drenching	Oral	JZ180	Both
	Mussaenda arcuata Poir. (1)	Munmuno	Earache	Leave	CL/W	Squeezing and filter	Drop on	Aerial	JZ099	Hm
	Pavetta abyssinica Fresen. (2)	Dingay seber	Wound, inflammation	Leaves	S/W	Pounding, powdering	Painting, drenching	Oral, dermal	JZ187	Both
	Pentas lanceolata (Forssk.) Deflers (1)	Maratale	Bone rupture	Leaves	S/W	Pounding and mix with salt	Tie on	Dermal	JZ092	Lv
	Pentas schimperiana Vatke (4	Darense, waynagift	Urine problems, earaches, eye disease	Leaves, flower	H/W	Powdering	Rubbing, dropping on	Dermal	JZ040	Hm
	Psydrax schimperiana (A. Rich) Bridson subsp. (3)	Gila	Febrile illness, cancer	Leaves, seed	S/W	Powdering	Rubbing	Oral	JZ059	Hm
Rutaceae	Casimiroa edulis La Llave (9)	Kasmir	Diarrhea	Fruit	T/H	Cutting the fruit and eat	Eating	Oral	JZ070	Hm
	Citrus × aurantiifolia (Christm.) Swingle (23)	Habesha lomii	Gastric, dandruff	Fruit	S/Hg	Squeezing the juice and mix with a small amount of salt	Drenching	Oral	JZ066	Both
	Citrus × limon (L.) Osbeck (10)	yefernj lomi	Dandruff, cough	Fruit	S/Hg	Sucking the juice	Eating	Oral	JZ088	Hm
	Citrus × sinensis (L.) Osbeck (4)	Burtukan	Hypertension, gastric, diarrhea	Fruit	S/Hg	Sucking out the juice	Drenching	Oral	JZ025	Hm
	Clausena anisata (Willd.) Hook.f. ex Benth. (3)	Eshima/chuqutiya	Heart failure, kidney, toothache	Leave	S/W	Pounding	Drench, Brushing	Oral	JZ051	Hm
	Ruta chalepensis L. (25)	Tselote	Evil eye, asthma, headache, febrile illness, dry cough	whole part	S/Hg	Chopping, crushing the stem, and boiling the leave or pounding the seed	Sniff, fumigate, and drench	Nasal, dermal, oral	JZ136	Both
	Vepris dainellii (Pic.Serm.) Kokwaro (1)	Chawla	Vomiting/food poison	Leaves	T/W	Pounding	Drenching	Oral	JZ031	Hm
Sapindaceae	Dodonaea angustifolia L.f. (3)	Ktkita	Diabetics, infertility, hypertension	Leave, Root	S/W	Pounding	Drenching	Oral	JZ078	Hm
Sapindaceae	Paullinia pinnata L. / (1)	Tinchro	Skin disease	Leaves	Cl/W	Powdering	Rubbing	Dermal	JZ138	Hm
Scrophulariaceae	Verbascum sinaiticum Benth. (2)	yeahiyajero	Earache, wound	Seed, leaves	H/W	Dried, crushed, and powdered	Dropping on	Areal dermal	JZ065	Hm
Simaroubaceae	Brucea antidysenterica J.F.Mill. (3)	Shrushika	Bleeding, wound	Leave	S/W	Pounding by water	Drenching	Oral	JZ123	Hm
Solanaceae	Datura stramonium L. (4)	Atefaris	Skin disease, toothache, evil eye, head wound	Leave, Seed	H/Rs	Pounding and mixing with Withania somnifera	Bathing, rubbing, holding on	Dermal	JZ014	Hm
Solanaceae	Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. (1)	Timatim	Cancer	Fruit	H/Fl	Cooking	Eating	Oral	JZ159	Both
	Nicotiana tabacum L. (36)	Tembaho	Headache, depression, asthma, cough	Leave	H/W	Grind and crushing	Sniffing fumigates	Fumigations	JZ135	Hm
	Physalis peruviana L. (12)	Birike	Constipation, cancer, kidney problems, hepatitis	Leaves	H/W	Pounding	Drenching	Oral	JZ018	Hm
	Solanum incanum L. (9)	Buloo	Abdominal pain, tonsilitis	Root, leave, seed	S/W	Pounding	Drink, hold on	Oral	JZ023	Hm
	Solanum tuberosum L. (2)	Sweet potato	Cancer, ulcers	Tuber	H/Fl	Cooking	Eating	Oral	JZ131	Hm
	Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal (39)	Gezawa	Typhoid, evil eye, asthma, wound, skin disease, trypanosomiasis	whole part	S/W	Pounding by water with the leaves of Thymus schimperi and Datura stramonium and filter	Drink, bathing	Oral, dermal	JZ058	Hm
Thymelaceae	Gnidia stenophylla Gilg (3)	Tumano	Malaria	Bark	H/W	Pounding	Drenching	Oral	JZ142	Hm
Urticaceae	Urera hypselodendron (Hochst. ex A. Rich.) Wedd. (3)	Halilo	Constipation, inflammation	Leaves	S/W	Pounding the leave and mix with salt	Drenching	Dermal, oral	JZ175	Lv
	Urtica dioica L. (3)	Pudo	Urine problem, itching	Leaves	H/W	Pounding and rubbing	Drenching	Oral	JZ166	Both
	Urtica simensis Hochst. ex A.Rich. (5)	Sama	Heart problem	Leaves	H/W	Cooking the leave and eat	Eating	Oral	JZ167	Hm
Verbenaceae	Lantana trifolia L. / (5)	Mirimich	Gastric, bleeding, toothache	Leave	S/W	Pounding and holding on	Drench, hold on	Oral	JZ096	Hm
Verbenaceae	Lippia adoensis Hochst. ex Walp. (2)	Shasha	Breast cancer, cough	Leave	S/W	Pounding, smoking	Fumigates, drenching	Oral	JZ119	Hm
Vitaceae	Cyphostemma adenocaule (Steud. ex A.Rich.) Desc. ex Wild & R.B.Drumm.(1)	Jeljelo	Wound	Leave	CL/W	Decocting	Tie on	Dermal	JZ181	Both
Zingiberaceae	Aframomum corrorima (A.Braun) P.C.M.Jansen (15)	Korarima	Heart pain, blood circulation, Lung fever	Seed	H/Hg	Pounding and boil with Allium sativum	Drenching	Oral	JZ079	Hm
	Curcuma longa L. (9)	Erd	Stroke, diabetes, hepatitis, cancer	Rhizome	H/Hg	Pounding with the leave of Allium sativum	Drenching, eating	Oral	JZ050	Hm
	Zingiber officinale Roscoe (21)	Zingible	Bronchitis, tonsil, heart case, wart	Tuber	H/Hg	Pounding with Withania somnifera leave	Chewing, powdering	Oral	JZ156	Hm

PU part used, Ht habits, Hbt habitats, MA mode of application, RA routes of administration, V. N voucher number, S shrubs, H herbs, T trees, CL climbers, EP epiphyte, W wilds, Hg home Garden, RS roadside, FL farmland, Hm human, Lv livestock

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