Table 1 Plant resources and indications for therapeutic targets with physical and spiritual causes in Morrinhos

Amaranthaceae

Alternanthera bettzichiana (Regel) G.Nicholson

chá-preto

e

Headache, vomiting

lf

H

2

–

32,676

Alternanthera brasiliana (L.) Kuntze

anador, penicilina

N

Fever, headache, general pain, sore throat

lf

H

4

–

32,672

Dysphania ambrosioides (L.) Mosyakin & Clemants

Mastruz

e

Bone fracture, flu, cough, measles, bone pain, worms, gastritis, inflammations, wounds, back pain, bronchitis, pneumonia, bruises, leg pain, gastric ulcer, stomachache, menstrual cramps, appendicitis, female inflammation, asthma, cancer, headache, healing ointmen, general pain

lf, br

H

24

–

32,559

Amaryllidaceae

Allium sp.

cebolinha-branca

e

Cough, colic in babies ("espremedeira")

bb

H

2

–

NC

Allium cepa L

cebola/onion

e

Ward off evil spirits, protection from negative energies, bad memories

bb

H

–

3

NC

Allium sativum L

alho/garlic

e

Flu, cough, gastric ulcer, covid, asthma

Protection from negative energies, envy, brokenness ("quebranto"), evil eye

bb

H

5

4

NC

Anacardiaceae

Anacardium occidentale L

caju/cashew

n

Healing ointmen, wounds, flu, abdominal pain, diarrhea, stop bleeding, toothache, diabetes, sore throat, urinary tract infection, female inflammation, indigestion

ba, ib, lf

T

12

–

32,560

Astronium urundeuva (M. Allemão) Engl

aroeira

n

Inflammations, kidney pain, back pain, uterine inflammation, ovarian inflammation, female inflammation, vaginal discharge, healing ointmen, wounds, diarrhea, urinary tract infection, bone pain, sore throat, flu, prostate problems

ba, ib, lf

T

15

–

32,805

Mangifera indica L

manga/mango

e

Flu, indigestion, fever, bone pain, kidney pain

lf

T

5

–

32,561

Schinopsis brasiliensis Engl

braúna

n

Abdominal pain, gastritis, wounds, healing ointmen, sinusitis

ba, lf

T

5

–

32,802

Spondias purpurea L

seriguela

e

Diarrhea, abdominal pain

lf

T

2

–

32,562

Spondias tuberosa Arruda

imbu

n*

Flu

lf

T

1

–

32,563

Annonaceae

Annona muricata L

graviola

e

Cancer

lf

T

1

–

32,654

Annona squamosa L

ata

e

Abdominal pain, indigestion, healing ointmen

lf, fr

T

3

–

32,564

Apiaceae

Anethum graveolens L

endro

e

Indigestion, abdominal pain, constipation (laxative)

sd

T

3

–

32,671

Coriandrum sativum L

coentro/cilantro

e

Abdominal pain, indigestion, menstrual cramps, delay aging

sd, lf

T

4

–

32,565

Foeniculum vulgare Mill

erva-doce/fennel

e

Tranquilizer, indigestion, abdominal pain, flu, vomiting, insomnia

sd

T

6

–

32,566

Apocynaceae

Aspidosperma pyrifolium Mart. & Zucc

pereiro

n

Abortion

lf

T

1

–

32,666

Calotropis procera (Aiton) W.T.Aiton

flor-de-seda

e

Cutaneous warts

lt

S

1

–

32,567

Araceae

Dieffenbachia seguine (Jacq.) Schott

comigo-ninguém-pode

n

Evil eye, envy

wp

H

–

2

32,695

Zamioculcas zamiifolia (G.Lodd.) Engl

amilculca

e

Evil eye

wp

H

–

1

32,703

Arecaceae

Cocos nucifera L

coco/coconut

e

Urinary tract infection, diarrhea, abdominal pain, indigestion

fr

PT

4

–

32,655

Asparagaceae

Aloe vera (L.) Burm.f

babosa

e

Wounds, flu, cough, expectorant, hair loss, cancer, skin cancer, burn, healing ointmen, inflammations, gastritis, stomachache, worms, constipation (laxative), furuncle, ringworm, female inflammation, dandruff, skin cleansing, hemorrhoid

Evil eye

lf, wp

H

20

1

32,694

Sansevieria cylindrica Bojer ex Hook

flecha-de-são-jorge

e

Evil eye, envy

wp

H

–

2

32,697

Sansevieria trifasciata Prain

espada-de-são-jorge

e

Evil eye, envy, ward off evil spirits

wp

H

–

3

32,698

Asteraceae

Acanthospermum hispidum DC

carrapicho-cigano

n

Flu, abdominal pain

Brokenness ("quebranto"), fallen wind ("vento-caído")

rt, lf

H

2

2

32,568

Acmella oleracea (L.) R.K.Jansen

agrião

e

Flu

fl

H

1

–

32,569

Bidens pilosa L

picão

e

Urinary tract infection

fr

H

1

–

32,663

Egletes viscosa (L.) Less

macela

n

Indigestion, vomiting, abdominal pain, gastritis

fl

H

4

–

NC

Helianthus annuus L

girassol/sunflower

e

headache

sd

H

1

–

32,670

Lepidaploa chalybaea (Mart. ex DC.) H.Rob

balaio-de-velho

n*

Indigestion

lf

S

1

–

32,570

Matricaria chamomilla L

camomila/chamomile

e

Tranquilizer, insomnia

fl

H

2

–

NC

Bignoniaceae

Fridericia chica (Bonpl.) L.G.Lohmann

caninana

n

Flu, kidney pain, back pain, urinary tract infection, blood cleansing

rt

L

5

–

32,675

Handroanthus impetiginosus (Mart. ex DC.) Mattos

pau-d'árco

n

Wounds, flu

ba

T

2

–

32,665

Mansoa hirsuta DC

alho-brabo

n*

Flu, sore throat

rt

L

2

–

32,677

Bixaceae

Bixa orellana L

corante

n

Cholesterol

lf

T

1

–

32,571

Boraginaceae

Cordia rufescens A.DC

grão-de-galo

n*

Snakebite

rt

S

1

–

32,572

Heliotropium elongatum (Lehm.) I.M.Johnst

crista-de-galo

n

Flu, vaginal discharge, uterine inflammation

fl, rt

H

3

–

32,573

Bromeliaceae

Ananas comosus (L.) Merril

abacaxi/pineapple

n

Flu, cough, low immunity

fr

H

3

–

32,700

Burseraceae

Commiphora leptophloeos (Mart.) J.B.Gillett

imburana-de-abelha, imburana-de-imbu

n

Wounds, female inflammation, uterine inflammation, ovarian inflammation, vaginal discharge, abdominal pain, kidney problems, urinary tract infection

ba

T

8

–

32,574

Cactaceae

Pereskia aculeata Mill

ora-pro-nóbis

n

Bone pain, gastritis

lf

S

2

–

32,804

Cereus jamacaru DC

mandacaru

n*

Flu, kidney problems

Evil eye, protection from negative energies, envy, postpartum confinement broken ("resguardo quebrado")

rt, wp, fl

T

2

4

32,558

Echinopsis oxygona (Link & Otto) Pfeiff. & Otto

espinzinho, coroa-de-frade

n

envy, evil eye

wp

H

–

2

32,704

Melocactus zehntneri (Britton & Rose) Luetzelb

coroa-de-frade

n*

Evil eye, envy, protection from negative energies

wp

S

–

3

32,555

Pilosocereus pachycladus F.Ritter

facheiro

n*

Evil eye, envy

wp

S

–

2

32,699

Xiquexique gounellei (F.A.C.Weber) Lavor & Calvente

xique-xique

n*

Evil eye, envy

wp

S

–

2

32,560

Cannabaceae

Cannabis sativa L

maconha/cannabis

e

Facial paralysis, asthma, headache, abdominal pain, epilepsy, muscle cramps

sd, lf

H

6

-

32,575

Capparaceae

Crateva tapia L

trapiá

n

Toothache

ib

T

1

–

32,661

Caricaceae

Carica papaya L

mamão/papaya

e

Diabetes, worms, constipation (laxative), indigestion, abdominal pain, vomiting, asthma

fr, fl, lf

S

7

–

32,557

Cleomaceae

Tarenaya aculeata (L.) Soares Neto & Roalson

mussambê

n

Flu

Brokenness ("quebranto")

rt, lf

H

1

1

32,576

Combretaceae

Combretum leprosum Mart

moita-branca

n

Flu, cough, prostate problems

ba, fl

S

3

–

32,577

Terminalia catappa L

castanhola

e

Kidney pain, kidney stones, gastritis

lf

T

3

–

32,578

Convolvulaceae

Operculina macrocarpa (L.) Urb

batata-de-purga

n

Flu, cough, bronchitis

rt

L

3

–

32,656

Crassulaceae

Kalanchoe daigremontiana Raym.-Hamet & H.Perrier

aranto

e

Cancer, urinary tract infection, diabetes, cholesterol, female inflammation

lf

H

5

–

32,701

Kalanchoe pinnata (Lam.) Pers

malva-santa

e

Wounds, furuncle, flu, cough, tranquilizer, inflammations, cancer, uterine inflammation, ovarian inflammation, menstrual cramps, stomachache

lf

H

11

–

32,579

Cucurbitaceae

Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. & Nakai

melancia/watermelon

e

Abdominal pain, fever, urinary tract infection

sd, lf

L

3

–

32,580

Cucurbita pepo L

abóbora/pumpkin

e

Worms

sd

L

1

–

32,669

Lagenaria siceraria (Molina) Standl

cabaça

e

Wounds, furuncle

lf

L

2

–

32,660

Luffa operculata (L.) Cogn

cabacinha

n

Sinusitis, abortion

fr

L

2

–

32,803

Momordica charantia L

melão-são-caetano

e

Itchy skin, diarrhea, appendicitis, prostate problems

lf

L

4

–

32,581

Euphorbiaceae

Cnidoscolus quercifolius Pohl

favela

n*

Wounds, inflammations, toothache

ba, lt

T

3

–

32,582

Cnidoscolus urens (L.) Arthur

cansanção

n

Toothache

lt

S

1

–

32,583

Croton blanchetianus Baill

mameleiro

n*

Flu, cough, abdominal pain

ba

S

3

–

32,584

Croton grewioides Baill

canilinha

n

Flu, sinusitis, cough, nasal decongestant, post-radiotherapy irritation

lf, br

S

5

–

32,585

Croton heliotropiifolius Kunth

velame

n

Flu, angular cheilitis ("boqueira")

lt, rt

S

2

–

32,586

Euphorbia lactea Haw

cara-de-seu-pai

e

Envy, evil eye

wp

S

–

2

32,705

Euphorbia milii Des Moul

coroa-de-cristo

e

Envy

wp

S

–

1

32,587

Euphorbia tirucalli L

cachorro-pelado, avelós

e

Cancer

lt

S

1

–

32,588

Jatropha gossypiifolia L

pinhão-roxo

n

Wounds, cutaneous warts

Evil eye, envy, witchcraft, brokenness ("quebranto"), fallen wind ("vento-caído"), weakness, spiritual possession, spiritual cleansing, ward off evil spirits, sleepiness

lt, lf, wp

S

2

10

32,589

Fabaceae

Amburana cearensis (Allemão) A.C.Sm

imburana-de-cheiro

n

Healing ointmen, wounds, flu, cough, uterine inflammation, bronchitis, pneumonia, sinusitis, fever, migraine, headache, stroke, sore throat, indigestion, vomiting, abdominal pain, gallbladder pain, nasal decongestant

ba, ib, sd

T

18

–

32,806

Anadenanthera colubrina (Vell.) Brenan

angico

n

Flu, bronchitis, cough, expectorant, inflammations, wounds, urinary tract infection, kidney pain

ba

T

8

–

32,593

Cenostigma bracteosum (Tul.) Gagnon & G.P.Lewis

catingueira

n*

Abdominal pain, stomachache, constipation (laxative), gastritis, gastric ulcer, flu, cough

ba, fl

T

7

–

32,659

Cenostigma macrophyllum Tul

canela-de-velho

n

Bone pain, leg pain, inflamed nerve, erectile dysfunction

ba, fl

T

4

–

32,594

Enterolobium timbouva Mart

tamburil

n

Gastritis

ba

T

1

–

32,664

Erythrina velutina Willd

mulungu

n

Insomnia

ba

T

1

–

32,702

Hymenaea velutina Ducke

jatobá

n*

Kidney pain, back pain, bone pain, flu, abdominal pain, stomachache, vomiting, diarrhea, indigestion, inflammations

ba, sd

T

10

–

32,595

Libidibia ferrea (Mart. ex Tul.) L.P.Queiroz

pau-ferro

n

Flu, cough, expectorant, bronchitis, sore throat, stomachache, liver inflammation, diabetes, uterine inflammation

fr, ba

T

9

–

32,596

Macropsychanthus grandiflorus (Mart. ex Benth.) L.P.Queiroz & Snak

mucunã

n*

Whooping cough

lt

L

1

–

32,590

Mimosa pudica L

maliça

n

Urinary tract infection, sore throat, flu, itchy skin

rt

H

4

–

32,591

Mimosa tenuiflora (Willd.) Poir

jurema-preta

n

Wounds, inflammations, stop bleeding, dental hemorrhage, tooth inflammation, uterine inflammation, healing ointmen, bone pain

Brokenness ("quebranto"), fallen wind ("vento-caído")

ba, ib, lf

T

8

2

32,597

Phaseolus vulgaris L

feijão/bean

e

Anemia

sd

H

1

–

32,668

Pityrocarpa moniliformis (Benth.) Luckow & R.W.Jobson

rama-de-bezerro

n*

Abdominal pain, indigestion, diarrhea, flu, wounds, uterine inflammation

ba

T

6

–

32,598

Pterodon emarginatus Vogel

sucupira

n

Headache, flu, gastritis

sd

T

3

–

NC

Senna occidentalis (L.) Link

fedegoso

n

Fever

Brokenness ("quebranto"), fallen wind ("vento-caído")

lf, rt

S

1

2

32,592

Tamarindus indica L

tomarina

e

Constipation (laxative), diarrhea, fatty liver, cholesterol

lf, fr

T

4

–

32,599

Lamiaceae

Plectranthus amboinicus (Lour.) Spreng

malva-do-reino

e

Flu, cough, expectorant, bronchitis, sore throat, inflammations, abdominal pain, tranquilizer, insomnia, delay aging

lf

S

10

–

32,603

Plectranthus barbatus Andr

boldo sete-dor

e

abdominal pain, indigestion, stomachache

lf

S

3

–

32,604

Plectranthus ornatus Codd

boldo

e

Indigestion, heartburn, abdominal pain, stomachache, vomiting, intestinal gas, gastritis, diarrhea, fatty liver, liver inflammation, hangover, covid

lf

H

12

–

32,693

Mentha arvensis L

hortelã-vique, vique

e

Flu, sore throat, nasal decongestant

lf

H

3

–

32,600

Mentha × villosa Huds

hortelã, hortelã-pimenta

e

Flu, sore throat, abdominal pain, bronchitis, sinusitis, cough, earache, fatty liver, fever, colic in babies ("espremedeira"), headache, hypertension, tranquilizer, vomiting, nasal decongestant, kidney problems, indigestion

lf

H

17

–

32,601

Ocimum basilicum L

manjericão/basil

e

Earache, toothache, sinusitis, headache, expectorant, fever, cough, flu, nasal decongestant, tranquilizer, itchy skin

Witchcraft, spiritual cleansing

lf

S

11

2

32,602

Rosmarinus officinalis L

alecrim/rosemary

e

Flu, headache, nasal decongestant, insomnia, tranquilizer, hypertension

Protection from negative energies, spiritual cleansing, evil eye

br

S

6

3

32,605

Lauraceae

Cinnamomum verum J.Presl

canela/cinnamon

e

Heartburn

Ward off evil spirits, spiritual cleansing, internal agitation

ba

T

1

3

NC

Persea americana Mill

abacate/avocado

e

Kidney pain, kidney stones, urinary incontinence

sd

T

3

–

32,800

Loranthaceae

Struthanthus flexicaulis (Mart.) Mart

erva-de-passarinho

n

Kidney pain

br

H

1

–

32,558

Lythraceae

Punica granatum L

romã/pomegranate

e

Sore throat, hoarseness, cough, flu, indigestion

Attract prosperity

fr, sd

T

5

1

32,606

Malpighiaceae

Malpighia emarginata DC

acerola

e

Flu, low immunity

fr

T

2

–

32,607

Malvaceae

Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench

quiabo/okra

e

Anemia

fr

S

1

–

32,674

Pseudobombax marginatum (A.St.-Hil., Juss. & Cambess.) A.Robyns

barriguda

n

Prostate problems, erectile dysfunction

ba

T

2

–

32,801

Gossypium hirsutum L

algodão/cotton

e

Wounds, uterine inflammation, ovarian inflammation, inflammations, flu, cough, sinusitis, uterine cleansing, diarrhea, blood cleansing, sore throat, fever, female inflammation

lf, fl, sd

S

13

–

32,608

Hibiscus sabdariffa L

vinagueira

e

Weight loss, anemia, low immunity

lf, fr

S

3

–

32,673

Luehea divaricata Mart

açoita-cavalo

n

Back pain, urinary incontinence

ba

T

2

–

32,657

Meliaceae

Azadirachta indica A.Juss

nim

e

Back pain

lf

T

1

–

32,609

Moraceae

Morus nigra L

amora

e

Cholesterol, cancer, menopausal hot flashes

lf

S

3

–

32,610

Musaceae

Musa paradisiaca L

banana

e

Bone pain, tranquilizer, flu

fr, fl

H

3

–

32,658

Myristicaceae

Myristica fragrans Houtt

noz-moscada/nutmeg

e

Stomachache, headache, indigestion, dizziness

sd

T

4

–

NC

Myrtaceae

Eucalyptus globulus Labill

eucalipto/eucalyptus

e

Fever, flu, sinusitis, tranquilizer, nasal decongestant

lf

T

5

–

32,611

Psidium guajava L

goiaba/guava

e

Diabetes, diarrhea, abdominal pain, colic in babies ("espremedeira"), indigestion, anemia, urinary tract infection, kidney pain, liver inflammation, hair loss

lf, fr

T

10

–

32,612

Syzygium aromaticum (L.) Merr. & L.M.Perry

cravo

e

Sinusitis, sore throat, cough

fl

T

3

–

NC

Nyctaginaceae

Boerhavia coccinea Mill

pega-pinto

e

Urinary tract infection

rt

H

1

–

32,613

Passifloraceae

Passiflora cincinnata Mast

maracujá-do-mato

n

Tranquilizer, insomnia, hypertension, mental disorders

fr, lf

L

4

–

32,614

Passiflora edulis Sims

maracujá-peroba

n

Insomnia, tranquilizer

fr, lf

L

2

–

32,615

Pedaliaceae

Sesamum indicum L

gergelim/sesame

e

Wounds, erysipelas, bone pain, delay aging, burn, inflammations

sd

H

6

-

32,616

Phyllanthaceae

Phyllanthus amarus Schumach. & Thonn

quebra-pedra/stonebreaker

n

Kidney stones, kidney pain

rt, lf

H

2

–

32,617

Piperaceae

Piper tuberculatum Jacq

pimenta-de-macaco

n

Back pain

fl

S

1

–

32,667

Plantaginaceae

Scoparia dulcis L

vassourinha

n

Chickenpox, flu

Brokenness ("quebranto"), sleepiness

rt, br

H

2

2

32,618

Poaceae

Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf

capim-santo

e

Tranquilizer, insomnia, stress, hypertension, vomiting, abdominal pain, hair loss, fatty liver, flu

lf

H

9

-

32,619

Saccharum officinarum L

cana-de-açúcar/sugarcane

e

Hypertension

lf

H

1

-

32,692

Zea mays L

milho/corn

e

Urinary tract infection

st

H

1

–

32,620

Rhamnaceae

Sarcomphalus joazeiro (Mart.) Hauenschild

juazeiro

n

Teeth cleaning, head wound, asthma

ba, ib

T

3

–

32,621

Rubiaceae

Morinda citrifolia L

noni

e

Cancer

fr

T

1

–

32,662

Rutaceae

Citrus limon (L.) Osbeck

limão/lemon

e

Flu, cough, sinusitis, weight loss, cholesterol, triglyceride, gastritis, heartburn, intestinal gas, indigestion, anemia, abdominal pain, diarrhea, fatty liver, ringworm, low immunity

fr, lf

T

16

–

32,622

Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck

laranja/orange

e

Flu, migraine, abdominal pain, indigestion, insomnia, tranquilizer, fever, low immunity, diarrhea, vomiting, heartburn, labyrinthitis, pregnancy nausea

fr, lf, sd

T

13

–

32,623

Ruta graveolens L

arruda/rue

e

Fever, vomiting, headache, abdominal pain, eye irritation, uterine pain after childbirth ("mãe-do-corpo"), earache, toothache, menstrual cramps, indigestion, migraine, lice, bone pain, stroke, sore throat, tranquilizer, stomachache

Envy, evil eye, brokenness ("quebranto"), fallen wind ("vento-caído"), protection from negative energies, bad luck, bad memories, ward off evil spirits, spiritual cleansing, internal sadness, low fontanelle ("moleira-baixa"), witchcraft

lf, ep, br

H

17

12

32,624

Solanaceae

Capsicum frutescens L

pimenta-malagueta

e

Furuncle, wounds

Envy

lf, wp

S

2

1

32,625

Solanum lycopersicum L

tomate/tomato

e

Wounds

fr

S

1

–

32,626

Solanum tuberosum L

batatinha

e

Gastritis

tb

S

1

–

NC

Verbenaceae

Lippia alba (Mill.) N.E.Br. ex Britton & P.Wilson

erva-cidreira

n

Tranquilizer, insomnia, stress, migraine, headache, hypertension, fever, appetite stimulant, intestinal gas, diarrhea, flu, hangover, indigestion, constipation (laxative), edema (poor circulation), vomiting, abdominal pain, heartburn

lf

S

18

–

32,627

Violaceae

Pombalia calceolaria (L.) Paula-Souza

papaconha

n

Flu, bronchitis, cough, expectorant, sore throat, teething

rt

H

6

-

32,628

Ximeniaceae

Ximenia americana L

ameixa

n

Wounds, healing ointmen, female inflammation, uterine inflammation, ovarian inflammation, inflammations, flu, blood cleansing, kidney pain, prostate problems, back pain, urinary tract infection

ba, ib

T

12

-

32,696

Zingiberaceae

Curcuma longa L

açafrão

e

Sore throat, flu

rz

H

2

–

32,629

Zingiber officinale Roscoe

gengibre/ginger

e

Weight loss, sore throat, cough, flu, hoarseness, delay aging, fatty liver

rz

H

7

–

32,630