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Table 2 Ethnozoological uses of animals of Kala Chitta hills of Pothwar region, Pakistan

From: An ethnobiological study in Kala Chitta hills of Pothwar region, Pakistan: multinomial logit specification

S. no

Animal names/local name

Family/class

Phylum

Ethnozoological uses

01

Acridotheres gigninianus/Kattar, Bank Myna.

Sturnidae/Aves

Chordata

It is captured and used as pet. It is trained and used to speak like parrot. It is also used as alarming bird against snakes, mongoose, jackal etc.

02

Acridotheres tristis/Kattar, Common Myna

Sturnidae/Aves

Chordata

It is captured and used as pet. It is trained and used to speak like parrot. It is also used as alarming bird against snakes, mongoose, jackal etc.

03

Alectoris chukar/Chakor

Phasianidae/Aves

Chordata

Hunted for meat and for fun. Stuffed chakor is also used for ornamentation. It is also used as sports bird for partridge fight.

04

Amphisema stolatum

Coloubridae/Reptilia

Chordata

Used as pet by jugglers.

05

Anas platyrhynchos/Batukh

Anatidae/Aves

Chordata

Kept in houses and used for meat and eggs.

06

Apis mellifera /Shehd di makhi

Drosiphilidae/Insecta

Arthropoda

Honey is not only used as food but also used for a number of medicinal values. Wax is used for making candles and articles for ornamentation. Empty honey comb is also used in interior decoration.

07

Bos tarus/Gaan, cow

Bovidae/Mammalia

Chordata

Used as pet for milk and meat. Milk is also used to make curd, cheese, butter and deesi ghee. They are also used in ploughing fields, in Raahatt for water-well, in carts etc. Bulls are used in bull race. Dung is used as fertilizer. Hides are used in leather industry.

08

Bubalus bubalis/Buffalo, Munj, Bheins

Bovidae/Mammalia

Chordata

Used as pet for milk and meat. Milk is also used to make curd, cheese, butter and deesi ghee. Hides are used in leather industry. Dung in used as fertilizer. Curved hornes are used as decoration article. Bones are used in making utensil handles.

09

Bunglaris spp/Sang choor, Krait

Elapidae/Reptilia

Chordata

Deadliest poisonous snake, its venome is used for production of anti-venome.

10

Calotes versicolor/Rat-mundia

Agamidae/Reptilia

Chordata

Often hunted and kept by jugglers to attract people.

11

Camelus dromedaries/Oont, Dachi, Camel

Camelidae/Mammalia

Chordata

Used as pet animal for carriage and also used for meat. Its meat is salty. Its milk is used for the treatment of Hepatitis B and C.

12

Canis lupus familiaris/Kutta, Dog

Canidae/Mammalia

Chordata

Used as pet animal for dog fight, dog race, for monitoring and alarming at home.

13

Capra hircus/Bakri, Goat

Bovidae/Mammalia

Chordata

Used as cattle for milk and meat. Its hide is used in making leather articles. Its milk is preferred for infants.

14

Catla Catla/Machli, Thaila

Cyrinidae/Actinopteriygii

Chordata

Used as food after cooking. Its oil is used in joint pain. Scales are used in paintings with glue and paint spray.

15

Chana marulius/Sap machli, Saul

Chanidae/Osteichthyes

Chordata

Used as food. Its oil is used in joint pain.

16

Cirrhinus mrigala/Mori

Cyprinidae/Actinopterygii

Chordata

Used as food after cooking. Scales are used in paintings with glue and paint spray. Its oil is also used in joint pain.

17

Clupisoma naziri/Bachwa

Shilbeidae/

Chordata

Used as food after cooking. Its oil is used in joint pain. Scales are used in paintings with glue and paint spray.

18

Columba livia/Kabootar, Pigeon

Columbidae/Aves

Chordata

Kept as pet birds and used for meat. Its is also given to patient for treatment of paralysis. It is also used for early onset of puberty in young girls. Its a sports bird and used in pigeon race. Its feathers are used in decoration articles, dolls and in shuttle cocks.

19

Corvus splendens/Kaan, Kawwa

Corvidae/Aves

Chordata

Presence of this bird at home is said to be an indication for arrival of some guests.

20

Cyprinius carpia/Gulfam

Cyprinidae/

Chordata

Used as food after cooking. Its oil is used in joint pain. Scales are used in paintings with glue and paint spray.

21

Danus plexipus /Butterfly, Tittlee

Nymphalidae/Insecta

Arthropoda

Preserved forms are used in horticulture.

22

Dendrocitta vagabunda/Kamadi Kukkarh

Corvidae/Aves

Chordata

Kept as pet and used for meat.

23

Echis carinatus/ghoona, krait

Viperidae/Reptilia

Chordata

Captured by some people to sell to snake charmers or to bio-medical laboratories for anti-venome production.

24

Equs asinus Xe. Cabalus/Khachar, Mule

Equidae

Chordata

Uses for carriage purpose.

25

Equs caballus/Horse, Gorha

Equidae/Mammalia

Chordata

It is used as pet animal. It is used for carriage, horse-race, naiza-bazi etc.

26

Equus asinus/Khoota, Gaddha, Donkey

Equidae/Mammalia

Chordata

Kept as pet animal and used for carriage purpose.

27

Eryx johani/Domoi

Boidae/Reptilia

Chordata

Biological control for Mus musculus etc. Which destroy crops.

28

Felis silverstris ornate/Cat, Billi

Felidae/Mammalia

Chordata

Kept as pet and controls mouse and lizards.

29

Gallaus gallus domestica/Kukkar, Kukri

Phasianidae/Aves

Chordata

Kept at home for meat and eggs. Its meat is cooked in various forms.

30

Germen eve/Sheep, Bhairh

Bouidugs-caprinae/Mammalia

Chordata

Kept as pet and used for milk, meat and wool. Its hide is used in making leather articles. It is also sacrificed by muslims at Eid-ul-Azha.

31

Hamidactylus flavividus/Chipkli, Lizard

Gekkonidae/Reptilia

Chordata

Biological controller for insects, cockroach, flies, mosquitoes etc.

32

Haplobatrachus tigerinus/Mendak, Frog, Duddu

Ranidae/Amphibia

Chordata

Used in dissection experiments, also captured and used for snake diet.

33

Helis aspera/Seepi

Helicidae/Gastropoda

Mollusca

Shells are used as ornamental after painting.

34

Helogale parvula-herpestes edwardsi/Mongoose, Neola

Herpestidae/Mammalia

Chordata

Some people it to drive away snakes. Jugglers also keep it for fight with snakes.

35

Homo sapien/Insan, Banda

Hominidae/Mammalia

Chordata

It is highly social animal which is used in art, culture, as labour and in many other professions from social welfare to life saving.

36

Hypomelas micrpus/Hedghog, chayya

Erinaceidae/Mammalia

Chordata

It is kept in houses to drive away snakes, lizards and mouse.

37

Labeo rohita/Rohu, machli

Cyprinidae/

Chordata

Used as food after cooking. Its oil is used in joint pain. Scales are used in paintings with glue and paint spray.

38

Laepus nigricollis/Sayya, Khargosh

Leporidae/Mammalia

Chordata

It is hunted for its meat, which is also used for treatment of bronchial diseases. Its fur is used in wallets, warms caps etc.

39

Lumbricus terrestris/Ketchwa, Earthworm

Lumbricidae/Polychaetae

Annelida

It is used to capture fish.

40

Mabyua carinata/Fatmi guddi, Skink

Scindidae/Reptilia

Chordata

Some people believe it as noble reptile, and kept it as pet for short time because it cannot survive long captivity.

41

Melanoperdix niger/Black partridge, Kala Teetar

Phasianidae/Aves

Chordata

Kept as pet-bird. Used for meat and its soup is used to treat bronchitis. It is used in games for prolonged singing voice competition. It is also used to attract other wild partridges for capturing.

42

Milvus migrans/Eill, Cheel

Accipitriformes/Aves

Chordata

Sold for zoo and wildlife sanctuaries.

43

Mystus singhala/Singhare

Bagridae/Actinopterygii

Chordata

Used as food after cooking. Its oil is used in joint pain. Scales are used in paintings with glue and paint spray.

44

Naemorhedus goral/Deer, Hiran

Bouidugs/Mammalia

Chordata

It is hunted for its meat, which is also used in treatment of asthma. After stuffing it is used in ornamentation and in scientific labs.

45

Naja naja/Naag, chajlap, Cobra

Elapidae/Reptilia

Chordata

Fat of cobra is used in muscular pain, sexual weakness and arthritis. It is also captured and sold to laboratories for anti-venome production.

46

Oenanthe fusca/Pahari chirili

Muscicapidae/Aves

Chordata

Its faeces are used in constipation and other gastric problems in infants.

47

Oryctolagus cuniculus/Rabbit, Sayya, Khargosh

Leporidae/Mammalia

Chordata

It is hunted for its meat, which is also used for treatment of bronchial diseases. Its fur is used in wallets, warms caps etc.

48

Pachydondyla vernae/Ant

Formicidae/Insecta

Arthropoda

Fine mud of their houses is mixed with water to make a paste, which is applied on mumps affected area to get relief.

49

Passer domesticus/Chirhi

Passeridae/Aves

Chordata

Meat is used as food. Faeces paste is used orally in gas trouble and constipation.

50

Perdix perdix/Bhoora Teetar, Grey Teetar

Phasianidae/Aves

Chordata

Used as pet-bird and for meat.

51

Photuris lucicrescens/Firefly, Jugnu

Lampyridae/Insecta

Arthropoda

Children capture them and used to play them because of their lightening.

52

Psittacula krameri/Mian Methoo, Toota. Parrot

Psittaculidae/Aves

Chordata

It is used as pet-bird, as it can speak few words like humans after trained. Many palmists use it to highlight their business as lottery chit or fate-fortune.

53

Pycnonotus cafer/Bulbul, Nightingale

Pycnonotidae/Aves

Chordata

Kept as pet-birds due to its singing habit, also used in painting.

54

Reticuliternes banyulensis/Seekh, Termite or White ant

Termitidae/Insecta

Arthropoda

Fine mud of their houses is collected and used for carving writing on walls with sharp objects, or claying writing.

55

Rhesus macaque/Monkey, Bandar, Bhuja

Circopithecoidae/Mammalia

Chordata

These are captured by jugglers and trained to amuse mob to earn money.

56

Rita rita/Khagga

Bagridae/Actinopterygii

Chordata

Used as food after cooking. Its oil is used in joint pain. Scales are used in paintings with glue and paint spray.

57

Streptopelia deceocto/Kughi, Faakhta

Columbidae/Aves

Chordata

It is often hunted for its meat, which is used to treat cough and for early onset of puberty in girls. Its feathers are used in decorations and in shuttle cock.

58

Sus sucrofa/Pig, Soor, juhi wala

Suidae/Mammalia

Chordata

It digs fields at night and makes them fertile by their faeces but destroys crops alot.

59

Tor marcolepis /Mahasheer

Cyprinidae/Teleostomi

Chordata

Used as food after cooking. Its oil is used in joint pain. Scales are used in paintings with glue and paint spray.

60

Upupa epops/Hud-hud, Tarkhan

Upupidae/Aves

Chordata

Feathers are used in art work and in making dolls.

61

Uromastyix hardwicki/Saanda

Aganidae/Reptilia

Chordata

Oil extracted is used for body massage, and also to enhance sexual power in humans.

62

Vanellus indicus/Tateeri, Red watteled lapwing

Charadriidae/Aves

Chordata

It is an alarming bird against snakes, jackals, mongoose, cats etc.

63

Varanus griseus/Kroh,

Virinidae/Reptilia

Chordata

Oil obtained from it is used for massage of body and for sexual weakness. Its skin is also used for painting and art work.

64

Vipera russelli/Russel viper

Viperidae/Reptilia

Chordata

Captured and sold for anti-venome production.

65

Wallago auto/Malli

Siluridae/Teleostomi

Chordata

Used as food after cooking. Its oil is used in joint pain. Scales are used in paintings with glue and paint spray.