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Table 2 Wild food plants collected by at least two informants

From: Wild food plants used by the Tibetans of Gongba Valley (Zhouqu county, Gansu, China)

Family

Species

Part collected

Local Chinese name

Local Chinese name (pinyin)

Local Tibetan name (broad transcription of pronunciation according to IPA)$

Actinidiaceae

Actinidia tetramera Maxim.

F

-

-

dz ɨmә dz ile

Amaranthaceae

Amaranthus retroflexus L.*

L

绿苋

Liu Xian

ɕir

 

Chenopodium album L.

L

灰灰菜, 灰条

Hui Hui Cai, Hui Tiao

(ng)tieni

 

Acroglochin persicarioides Moq.*

L

复灰条

Fu Hui Tiao

tieniliәmә [literally ‘sheep Chenopodium’]

Amaryllidaceae

Allium victorialis L.

L

鹿角菜

Luo Er Jiu

ʐe:/ʐɨ:

 

Allium sp.

L

老葱, 野蒜, 野葱

Lao Cong, Ye Suan, Ye Cong

dz uɔma , guɔ

Anacardiaceae

Rhus verniciflua Stokes

L

刺菜

Ci Cai

sihei

Apiaceae

Carum carvi L.

F(SP)

野茴香

Ye Hui Xiang

gɨni

Araliaceae

Eleutherococcus giraldii (Harms) T.Nakai ,

L

五爪菜

Wu Zhua Cai

si:zana, sɨriana

 

Eleutherococcus leucorrhizus Oliv.

L

五爪菜

Wu Zhua Cai

si:zana, sɨriana

 

Aralia chinensis L.

L

木兰头

Mu Ian Tou

liæ(n)mə, liәmu

Asteraceae

Artemisia subdigitata Mattf.*

L

牛尾蒿

Niu Wei Hao

k(h)ɨeba, k(h)aba

 

Ixeris chinensis Nakai.

L, R

苦麻菜

Ku Ma Cai

kuga, kuhua

 

Prenanthes macrophylla Franch.*

L

山尖子

Shan Jian Zi

pahu:, paɣu:

 

Saussurea sp.

L

筒筒菜

Tong Tong Cai

ini

 

Sinacalia tangutica (Maxim.) B.Nord.**

R

毛鞋

Mao Hai

paibɔ, piaba, paibie

 

Sonchus oleraceus L.

L

筒筒菜

Tong Tong Cai

wu: [mainly], (ng)wu:, muwawu:, muwawu:

 

Taraxacum cf mongolicum Han.-Mzt

L, R

蒲公英

Pu Gong Ying

aukuɣua, aukəɣa

Athyriaceae

Athyriopsis sp.

L

白蕨

Bai Jue

ala

Brassicaceae

Brassica campestris L.

L

油菜

You Cai

gu, gɔu

 

Cardamine macrophylla Willd.

L

湿根菜

Shi Gen Cai

idi

 

Thlaspi arvense L.

L

苦根菜

Ku Gen Cai

a : n

Campanulaceae

Adenophora stricta Miq.

L, R

泡参

Pao Shen

әmu dʐәla

Caprifoliaceae

Lonicera standishii Carr.

F

荞皮子

Qiao Pi Zi

(k)alaɨala, asa, kagu ie , kai/gai, ɕiese(ng)

 

Lonicera tragophylla Hemsl. ex Forb. & Hemsl.

Fl

鱼鱼花

Yu Yu Hua

mudesɨbe, nɨmenu, dz ɨmutza :

 

Triosteum pinnatifidum Maxim.

F

白蛋

Bai Dan

kelu, keɨü, kalɔilɔ, alaɨala

 

Triosteum himalayanum Wall.

F

-

-

dz ɨben , ib i en , isxxxniuga , dz ɨmasɨ , ɨma

 

Viburnum betulifolium Batalin

F

-

-

dz ɨsɨlib i әe , dz ɨsɨ libiәe , isɨ

 

Viburnum glomeratum Maxim.

F

-

-

 

Cephalotaxaceae

Cephalotaxus sinensis (Rehder & E.H.Wilson) H.L.Li

F

水柏子

Shui Bai Zi

eɣu , eɣu

Cornaceae

Cornus japonica Thunb.

F

荔枝

Li Zhi

 

Corylaceae

Corylus sieboldiana Blume

F

榛子

Zhen Zi

tsɨ ga , iga

 

Corylus heterophylla Fisch. ex Besser

F

榛子

Zhen Zi

tsɨ ga , iga

 

Corylus ferox Wall.

F

榛子

Zhen Zi

tsɨ ga , iga

Dennstaedtiaceae

Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn var. latiusculum

L

阳蕨

Yang Jue

ɕi : ala

Eleagnaceae

Elaeagnus umbellata Thunb.

F

尖子

Jian Zi

hələ, ʂilə

 

Hippophae rhamnoides L.

F

  

la its ɨma , ɨmɨ e , la its ɨmәgu , laigә

Fabaceae

Sophora alopecuroides L.

S(SP)

苦豆

Ku Dou

not recorded

Helwingiaceae

Helwingia japonica (Thunb.) F.

L

叶里开花

Ye Li Kai Hua

susaɕi

Juglandaceae

Juglans cathayensis Dode

F, FL

野核桃

Ye He Tao

nina, dienanu, dienane = walnut flɔwers[die = walnut tree]

Lamiaceae

Caryopteris divaricata Maxim.

L

-

-

nina

 

Mentha haplocalyx Briq.*

L

薄荷

Bo He

ɕiucә, ɕiәʐә

 

Stachys affinis Bunge

R

-

-

baʐɨ

Lardizabalaceae

Decaisnea fargesii Franch

F

鬼指头

Gui Zhi Tou

iar ә , uar ә

 

Akebia trifoliata (Thunb.) Koidz.

F

-

-

dz әme iәu

Liliaceae

Lilium sp.

R

大花, 百合

Da Hua, Bai He

ɕiebu

Malvaceae

Malva verticillata L.

L

锦葵

Jin Kui

(ng)nagu, nɨnagu, ɨamuda

Meliaceae

Toona sinensis (A.Juss.) M.Roem.

L

香椿

Xiang Chun

ts aiʐɨme

Moraceae

Morus australis Poir.

F

野桑子,野桑葚,

Ye Sang Zi, Ye Sang Shen

dusɨbielu, anaʐɨna

Onocleaceae

Matteucia intermedia C.Chr.

L

白蕨

Bai Jue

ala

 

Matteucia struthiopteris (L.) Tod.

L

白蕨

Bai Jue

ala

Pinaceae

Pinus armandii Franch.

S

黄松, 苏木头

Huang Song, Su Mu Tou

tɔm(u)gu, tɔm(u)gə tɔr(ə), tɔʐɨ

Plantaginaceae

Plantago depressa Willd.*

L

车前

Che Qian

u ia , ts u iang i , samɔdɔdeɕi, sɨmatutaɕie

Polygonaceae

Persicaria alata (Buch.-Ham.) Nakai*

L

鬼荞

Gui Qiao

khiere ɔulemə , tuanle ɔu , lianmen

Ranunculaceae

Caltha palustris L.

L

黄花菜

Huang Hua Cai

huamien ts ai , abububa

Rhamnaceae

Berchemia sinica C.K.Schneid.

F

提格儿

Ti Ge Er

saü, sawi, saɨu

 

Rhamnus rosthornii E.Pritz. ex Diels

F

-

-

ts ɨde ts ɨma , ts ɨma , ts ɨdәgɨ

Rosaceae

Crataegus wilsonii Sarg.

F

面梨

Mian Li

da:da:

 

Crataegus kansuensis E.H.Wilson

F

面梨

Mian Li

da:da:

 

Fragaria pentaphylla Losinsk.

F

瓢子

Piaozi

ɕü

 

Maddenia hypoleuca Koehne

F

-

-

ɕiana

 

Malus baccata (L.) Borkh.

F

山定子

Shan Ding Zi

sәmәnia

 

Neillia sinensis Oliv.

L

茶格

Cha Ge

mahadәʐә, wahadәʐә, wahadәr, mahuɔtu

 

Prunus davidiana Franch.

F

野毛桃

Ye Mao Tao

ti:, ting, kuaʐә, kuebu, kuɔʐuɔ, kuumɔ

 

Prunus salicina Lindl

F

苦李子, 野李子

Ku Li Zi, Ye Li Zi

ile , dz ilә

 

Prunus tomentosa Thunb.

F

-

-

nesɨ

 

Pyrus xerophila T.T.Yu

F

野酸梨

Ye Suan Li

ɕieʐɨ, ɕiedɔ, aʐә ɕiɔ:, ɕialә(ng)

 

Rosa brunonii Lindl.

F

刺格

Ci Ge

ie ɨ ts ɨma , ts ɨmadudu , ts ɨmadɔdɔ , ts ɨmate , ɕidie iu , ia ts ɨma , ts ɨ imagu , i i

 

Rubus amabilis Focke

F

红帽子

Hong Mao Zi

ʐәna, ʐɨna, eɕiehɔlɔ , ʐɨna mɨngʐɨ, ʐɨna ɕiʐu

 

Rubus mesogaeus Focke

F

黑帽子

Hei Mao Zi

ʐәna, ʐɨna

 

Rubus thibetanus Franch

F

黑帽子

Hei Mao Zi

ʐәna, ʐɨna, uәr , duheni, ɕiehele, wunihebie

 

Rubus xanthocarpus Bureau & Franch.

F

黄帽子

Huang Mao Zi

ts ɨma , diuhɨn, diuheni, u l e , ʐɨna i

 

Sorbus xanthoneura Rehder

F

黄脉花楸

Huang Mai Hua Qiu

duɔsi(ɕieduɔ), umaɕiaɔ , umaɕieda

Rutaceae

Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim.

L, F

椒芽, 花椒

Jiao Ya, Hua Jiao

ɨime

Salicaceae

Populus davidiana Dode

FL

杨树花

Yang Shu Hua

-

 

Salix spp.

FL

柳花

Liu Hua

ɨanilɔ

Santalaceae

Buckleya henryi Diels

F

-

 

әma

Saxifragaceae

Rodgersia aesculifolia Batalin**

R

鬼灯擎

Gui Deng Qing

hamahaʐɨ

Schisandraceae

Schisandra sphenanthera Rehder & E.H.Wilson

F

五味子

Wu Wei Zi

wi:, wәi

Staphyleaceae

Staphylea holocarpa Hemsl.

L

亮子尖

Liang Zi Jian

zәmәduɕiә, amuduɕie , amuduɕie ɕiegie, liang dz ɨ , ruanma

Thelypteridaceae

Pseudocyclosorus subochthoides (Ching) Ching

L

白蕨

Bai Jue

ala

Urticaceae

Urtica fissa E.Pritz. ex Diels*

L

荨麻

Qian Ma

sana [mainly], sapa a [rarely]

Vitaceae

Vitis piasezkii Maxim.

F

野葡萄

Ye Pu Tao

zɨmuguan u , zɨmugu u , zɨmugu ɨ , ɨemuguɔ

  1. Plant parts: L – young leaves, buds or other aerial parts; F – fruits; FL – inflorescences; R – roots, rhizomes etc.; S – seeds; SP – used as spice.
  2. *controversial food plants, nowadays used by very few informants; regarded by most people as inedible or unattractive but usually widely used as food for pigs.
  3. **used only as famine food in 1959–61.
  4. $the accent always falls on the last syllable of the word.