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Table 3 428 applications of 315 homemade herbal remedies containing a single herb (HSHR): routes of administration, categories of use, and target animal species

From: Ethnoveterinary herbal remedies used by farmers in four north-eastern Swiss cantons (St. Gallen, Thurgau, Appenzell Innerrhoden and Appenzell Ausserrhoden)

Botanical family (Number of named plant species in this family)

Plant species with ≥ 3 named HSHR (Number of named remedies are given in brackets)

(Numbers indicate the frequency of mentioned applications, 428 applications are mentioned totally)

Routes of administration

Categories of use

Target animal species

Total different applications

External

Internal

Treatment of housing environment

 

I

A

OR

IH

IU

Skin

Gast

Infe

Mast

Musc

Resp

Others11

Cattle

No spec.

Others12

Asteraceae (11)

All Asteraceae (73)

13

77

17

 

5

 

79

16

6

1

6

 

4

92

15

5

112

Matricaria recutita L. (26)

 

17a

13

 

4

 

15a

13

5

   

1

31a

2

1

34

Flos (26)

Calendula officinalis L. (24)

4b

39b

1

 

1

 

42b

1

1

 

1

  

35b

7b

3

45

Flos and flos sine calice (24)

Arnica montana L. (8)

5c

5

    

5

   

5c

  

6c

4

 

10

Flos (8)

Senecio ovatus Willd. (4)

 

5

    

5

      

3

2

 

5

Herba (4)

Senecio alpinus (L.) Scop (3)

 

3

    

3

      

3

  

3

Herba (3)

 

Others1 (8)

4d

8d

3

   

9d

2

 

1

  

3

14d

 

1

15

Polygonaceae (1)

Rumex obtusifolius L. (21)

 

1

3

   

1

3

     

4

  

4

Radix (4)

Folium (16)

18

8

    

9

  

6

7

 

4

21

3

2

26

 

Herba cum radice (1)

  

2

    

2

     

1

 

1

2

Urticaceae (1)

Urtica dioica L. (21)

 

1

28

   

2

8

9

   

10

17

1

11

29

 

Herba (21)

Malvaceae (3)

All Malvaceae (19)

1

23

4

 

1

 

23

 

5

 

1

  

26

1

2

29

Malva neglecta Wallr. (13)

1

21

    

21

   

1

  

19

1

2

22

Herba (12)

Flos (1)

 

1

    

1

      

1

  

1

Tilia cordata Mill. (5)

  

4

 

1

   

5

    

5

  

5

Cortex (5)

Others2 (1)

 

1

    

1

      

1

  

1

Rubiaceae (1)

Coffea arabica L. (16)

  

18

    

17

1

    

16

 

2

18

Semen (16)

Boraginaceae (1)

Symphytum officinale L. (15)

10e

4

    

4

  

1

9e

  

9e

5

 

14

Radix (13)

 

Folium (2)

3

         

3

  

1

1

1

3

Rosaceae (7)

All Rosaceae (15)

  

10

  

7

7

5

2

   

3

16

 

1

17

 

Crataegus laevigata (Poir.) DC. (4)

     

4

4

      

4

  

4

Herba (4)

 

Potentilla erecta (L.) Raeusch. (4)

  

5f

    

4f

    

1

5f

  

5

Rhizoma (4)

 

Prunus spinosa L. (3)

     

3

3

      

3

  

3

Herba (3)

 

Others 3 (4)

  

5

    

1

2

   

2

4

 

1

5

Pinaceae (2)

All Pinaceae (13)

5

14

7

   

15

  

3

 

6

2

25

1

 

26

 

Picea abies (L.) H. Karst. (12)

  

5

        

4

1

5

  

5

Herba (5)

 

Resina (7)

5

14

1

   

15

  

3

 

2

 

19

1

 

20

 

Others4 (1)

  

1

         

1

1

  

1

Hypericaceae (1)

Hypericum perforatum L. (12)

7g

12g

  

2

 

14g

 

2

1

4g

  

17g

4

 

21

 

Flos (12)

Linaceae (1)

Linum usitatissimum L. (11)

1

 

12

 

1

  

10

2

 

1

 

1

14

  

14

 

Semen (11)

Lamiaceae (4)

All Lamiaceae(9)

3

1

5

1

 

2

2

3

 

2

1

2

2

10

1

1

12

 

Mentha canadensis L. (3)

3h

 

2

    

2

 

2h

1h

  

5h

  

5

Folium (3)

 

Salvia officinalis L. (3)

  

3

   

1

1

   

1

 

2

 

1

3

Folium (3)

 

Others5 (3)

 

1

 

1i

 

2

1

    

1i

2

3i

1

 

4

Apiaceae (4)

All Apiaceae (8)

 

2

5

 

1

 

2

4

2

    

8

  

8

 

Carum carvi L. (3)

  

3

    

3

     

3

  

3

Fructus (3)

 

Sanicula europaea L. (3)

 

2

  

1

 

2

 

1

    

3

  

3

Herba (3)

 

Others6 (2)

  

2

    

1

1

    

2

  

2

Brassicaceae (3)

All Brassicaceae (8)

3

4

3

   

4

2

  

2

 

2

9

1

 

10

 

Brassica oleracea L. (4)

2

3

    

3

   

2

  

4

1

 

5

Folium (4)

 

Brassica napus L. (3)

1

1

2

   

1

2

    

1

4

  

4

Oleum (3)

 

Others7 (1)

  

1

         

1

1

  

1

Geraniaceae(2)

All Geraniaceae (8)

 

6

4

   

6

 

2

  

1

1

8

1

1

10

 

Geranium robertianum L.s.str. (7)

 

6

3

   

6

 

2

   

1

7

1

1

9

Herba (7)

 

Others8 (1)

  

1k

        

1k

 

1k

  

1

Amaryllidaceae (2)

All Liliaceae (6)

1

 

4

1

       

1

5

4

 

2

6

 

Allium sativum L. (4)

1

 

3

         

4

2

 

2

4

Bulbus (4)

 

Others 9 (2)

  

1

1

       

1

1

2

  

2

Theaceae (1)

Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze (6)

  

7

    

7

     

6

 

1

7

 

Folium (6)

Adoxaceae (1)

Sambucus nigra L. (5)

  

5

    

4

1

    

5

  

5

 

Herba (5)

Fagaceae (1)

Quercus robur L. (5)

 

1

3

 

1

 

1

3

1

    

5

  

5

 

Cortex (5)

Aquifoliaceae (1)

Ilex aquifolium L. (4)

     

3

2

     

1

3

  

3

Herba (3)

 

Folium (1)

  

2

        

2

 

2

  

2

Poaceae (1)

Avena sativa L.s.str. (3)

1

 

2

    

1

   

1

1

3

  

3

Fructus (3)

Rhamnaceae (1)

Rhamnus cathartica L. (3)

     

3

3

      

3

  

3

 

Herba (3)

Others 10 (26)

26 other plant species (34)

5

10l

18

  

6l

8l

9

3

4

3

1

11l

34l

3l

2

39

Total (76)

 

71

164

159

2

11

21

182

94

36

18

37

14

47

359

37

32

428

  1. I – intact skin; A – alterated or sore skin; OR – oral; IH – inhalation; IU – intravaginal/intrauterine; Skin – skin afflictions and sores; Gast – gastrointestinal disorders and metabolic dysfunctions; Infe – Infertility and diseases of female genitals; Mast – Mastitis; Musc – Musculoskeletal system (including hematomas in the connective tissue; Resp – diseases of the respiratory tract; No spec. – no specification of the animal species (external administration).
  2. 1Arnica chamissonis Less. (2), Solidago virgaurea L. (2), Achillea millefolium L. (1), Helianthus annuus L. (1), Tanacetum vulgare L. (1), Tanacetum parthenium (L.) Sch. Bip.(1); 2Althaea officinalis L. (1); 3Alchemilla vulgaris L.Agg. (1), Rubus idaeus L. (1), Malus domestica Borkh.(1), Prunus domestica L. (1); 4Abies alba Mill. (1); 5Lavandula angustifolia Mill. (2), Thymus vulgaris L. (1); 6Petroselinum crispum (Mill.) Fuss (1), Foeniculum vulgare Mill. (1); 7Capsella bursa- pastoris (L.) Medik (1); 8Pelargonium sidoides DC (1); 9Allium cepa L. (2); 10Beta vulgaris subsp. vulgaris Conditiva group (1) (Amaranthaceae); Dryopteris filix-mas (L.) Schott (1) (Aspidiaceae); Betula pendula Roth (1) (Betulaceae); Cannabis sativa L. (1) (Cannabaceae); Chenopodium bonuscphenricus L. (1) (Chenopodiaceae); Juniperus communis L.s.str. (2) (Cupressaceae); Thuja occidentalis L. (2) (Cupressaceae); Equisetum arvense L. (1) (Equisetaceae); Vaccinium myrtillus L. (2) (Ericaceae); Anthyllis vulneraria L.s.str. (1) (Fabaceae); Gentiana lutea L. (1) (Gentianaceae); Juglans regia L. (1) (Juglandaceae); Cinnamomum verum J.Presl (1) (Lauraceae); Lycopodium clavatum L. (1) (Lycopodiaceae); Myristica fragrans Houtt. (2) (Myristicaceae); Melaleuca alternifolia Maiden&Betche ex Cheel (2) (Myrtaceae); Fraxinus excelsior L. (2), Olea europaea L. (1) (Oleaceae); Pedicularis verticillata L. (1) (Orobanchaceae); Euphrasia officinalis L. (1), Plantago lanceolata L. (2) (Plantaginaceae); Citrus x limon (L.) Burm.f. (1) (Rutaceae); Salix caprea L. (1) (Salicaceae); Quassia amara L. (1) (Simaroubaceae); Solanum tuberosum L. (2) (Solanaceae); Tropaeolum majus L. (1) (Tropaeolaceae);11parasites, general strengthening, behaviour, sensory organs, varia; 12horses, pigs, donkeys, goats, sheep, dogs, hens, rabbits.
  3. aKamillosan® Liquidum used for two applications; bCalendula tincture (pharmacy) used for two applications, calendula unguent (pharmacy) used for five applications; cArnica oil (pharmacy) used for one application, arnica ointment (pharmacy) used for one application; dGoldenrod unguent (pharmacy) used for three applications; eComfrey emulsion (pharmacy) used for one application; fCommon tormentil tincture (pharmacy) used for one application, gSt John's wort oil (pharmacy) used for four applications; hNPJ Liniment® and OPIFIX® (both containing Mentha arvensis L. var. piperascens) used for three applications; 1Thyme oil used for one application; kPelargonium Spray® used for one application;1Tea Tree oil used for two applications.
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Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine

ISSN: 1746-4269

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