Table 1 Medicinal plants use in Chail valley

Achyranthes aspera L.

H

Stem

Dried ground stem mixed with powdered leaves of Menthalongifolia and taken orally.

High Fever, Chest problems

49

0.34

1 ●, 2 ▲, 3 ●, 4 ▲

ISL 582

Amaranthaceae

Spay Butay

Aconitum chasmanthum Stapf ex Holmes

H

Rhizome

Powder of dried rhizomes is used.

Joint pain, High fever, Stupor, Soothing

111

0.78

1 ●, 2 ●, 3 ●, 4 ●

ISL 614

Ranunculaceae

Zahar Mora

Aconitum heterophyllum Wall. ex Royle

H

Roots and rhizomes

The dried pulverized roots are mixed with butter oil and taken orally.

Mild fever, Sexual weakness, Anthelminthic

69

0.48

1 ●, 2 ●, 3 ●, 4 ●

ISL 615

Ranunculaceae

SarbaZelai

Acorus calamus L.

H

Root

Dried powdered roots are mixed with sugar and taken orally.

Digestive disorders, Chronic dysentery

43

0.30

1 ●, 2 ●, 3 ■, 4 ■

ISL 587

Aracaceae

Skhawaja

Ajuga bracteosa Wall. ex Benth

H

Leaves

Leaves are washed, boiled in water and left overnight in dew; this decoction is taken before breakfast.

Skin infections, High fever

35

0.24

1 ■, 2 ●, 3 ●, 4 ●

ISL 599

Lamiaceae

Khawaja booti

Amaranthus spinosus L.

H

Leaves and young shoots

Leaves and young shoots are boiled in water and this decoction is directly used.

Biliousness

45

0.31

1 ▲, 2 ●, 3 ▲, 4 ●

ISL 583

Amaranthaceae

Chalveray

Ammi visnaga (L.) Lam.

H

Fruit and flower

Dried fruits and flowers mixed with dried fruits ofBuniumpersicum, ground and taken.

Heart diseases, Bronchial asthma/Breathing problems, Whooping cough

107

0.75

1 ●, 2 ●, 3 ●, 4 ●

ISL 585

Apiaceae

Sperkai, Gangahai

Artemisia biennis Willd.

H

Leaves

Leaves are boiled in water and decoction is taken, Warm poultice of leaves is applied externally.

Digestive disorders, Anthelminthic, Skin infections

27

0.19

1 ●, 2 ●, 3 ●, 4 ●

ISL 590

Asteraceae

Tarkha

Atropa acuminate Royle ex Lindl.

H

Leaves, roots and floral buds

Powdered roots, leaves and floral parts are taken with milk twice a day.

Urinary disorders, Stupor, Asthma/breathing problems

32

0.22

1 ●, 2 ●, 3 ●, 4 ●

ISL 626

Solanaceae

Bargak

Berberis lyceum Royle

S

Root

Roots are dried and ground, butter oil is mixed with powder drug and taken with milk.

Hepatitis, Menorrhagia, Chronic fever, Jaundice

127

0.89

1 ●, 2 ●, 3 ●, 4 ■

ISL 591

Berberidaceae

Speen Kwaray

Bergenia ciliata (Haw.) Sternb.

H

Rhizome

Decoction of rhizome is taken thrice a day.

Urinary disorders, Skin infections, Demulcent

44

0.30

1 ●, 2 ●, 3 ●, 4 ■

ISL 623

Saxifragaceae

Gat panra,

Bistorta amplexicaulis (D.Don) Greene

H

Roots

Powdered roots are mixed with sugar and used with milk.

Urinary disorders, Cough, Sore throat, Joint pain

65

0.45

1 ●, 2 ●, 3 ●, 4 ●

ISL 611

Polygonaceae

Anjabar, Tarvapanra

Bunium persicum (Boiss.) B. Fedtsch

H

Fruits and leaves

Fresh ground leaves are taken orally, Fruits are boiled in water and decoction is used.

Hearts problems

17

0.11

1 ●, 2 ●, 3 ●, 4 ●

ISL 586

Apiaceae

Thorazera, Da ghrasperkai

Calotropis procera (Aiton) Dryand

S

Stem, leaves and flowers

Decoction of stem and leaves is taken; Latex is mixed with castor oil and applied on skin.

Malarial fever, Ulcer, Eczema, Ring worms

36

0.25

1 ●, 2 ●, 3 ●, 4 ▲

ISL 589

Asclepiadaceae

Spulmai

Duchesnea indica (Andrews) Focke

H

Leaves

Black pepper is mixed with decoction of leaves and taken in morning for regulating mental disorders.

Mental disorders, Sexual weakness

23

0.16

1 ●, 2 ●, 3 ●, 4 ●

ISL 618

Rosaceae

Da zamakay toot

Elaeagnus angustifolia L.

S

Whole plant

The paste of young shoots is mixed with juice of Datis cacannabina and applied on forehead for curing headache.

Headache, Heart burning, Skin infections

113

0.79

1 ●, 2 ●, 3 ●, 4 ●

ISL 593

Elaeagnaceae

Ghanum Rangay

Fragaria nubicola (Hook. f.) Lindl. ex Lacaita

H

Leaves and roots

Leaves and roots in powdered form are mixed Berberis lycium and used directly.

Skin infections, Urinary disorders, Diarrhea

41

0.28

1 ●, 2 ●, 3 ■, 4 ●

ISL 619

Rosaceae

Da Zmakay Toot

Fumaria indica (Hausskn.) Pugsley

H

Whole plant

Decoction of plant is used thrice a day by adults.

Blood purifier, High fever, Chest pain

61

0.42

1 ●, 2 ●, 3 ●, 4 ●

ISL 596

Fumariaceae

Paprra

Geranium wallichianum D. Don ex Sweet

H

Rhizomes

Rhizomes are dried and ground into powder form. This powder is mixed in wheat flour, sugar, butter oil and traditional sweet dish is cooked and is taken once in a day.

Backache, Mouth ulceration, Chronic diarrhea

132

0.92

1 ●, 2 ●, 3 ●, 4 ●

ISL 598

Geraniaceae

Srazela, Ratanjot

Hedera nepalensis K. Koch

H

Leaves

Fresh and ground leaves are boiled in water and taken orally.

Heart disease, Cancer, Diabetes

105

0.73

1 ●, 2 ●, 3 ●, 4 ●

ISL 588

Araliaceae

Palulzelai

Isodon rugosus (Wall. ex Benth.) Codd

S

Shoots and seeds

Seeds are boiled in water and then this decoction is taken orally.

Skin infections, blood purifier, Gastric and abdominal pain

18

0.12

1 ●, 2 ●, 3 ●, 4 ●

Fresh shoots are crushed and soup is made which is taken orally.

ISL 600

Lamiaceae

Sperkai, krachai

Justicia adhatoda L.

S

Root and leaves

Dried, ground leaves mixed with sugar and root extract mixed with honey are taken orally.

Asthma, Cold, Cough, High fever

86

0.60

1 ●, 2 ▲, 3 ●, 4 ■

ISL 581

Acanthaceae

Bhaikar

Maytenus royleana (Wall. ex M.A. Lawson) Cufod

S

Whole plant

Fresh leaves are collected, cleaned, crushed and extract is used as eyes drops.

Toothache, Eyes inflammation

45

0.31

1 ●, 2 ●, 3 ●, 4 ●

ISL 592

Celastraceae

Spin Azghkay

Melia azedarach L.

T

Fruit

Ripened fruits are crushed and mixed with wheat flour.

Leprosy, Urinary disorders

49

0.34

1 ●, 2 ●, 3 ●, 4 ●

ISL 605

Meliaceae

Shandai

Mentha longifolia (L.) L.

H

Leaves, shoots and floral tops

Dried leaves are ground to form powder drug and then taken orally.

Joint pain, Digestive disorders

126

0.88

1 ■, 2 ●, 3 ●, 4 ▲

ISL 601

Leaves are boiled in water and then taken for curing digestive disorders.

Lamiaceae

Velanay

Micromeria biflora (Buch.-Ham ex D. Don) Benth.

H

Stem and leaves

Stem and leaves are chewed and juice swallowed.

Urinary disorders, Digestive disorders

71

0.5

1 ●, 2 ●, 3 ●, 4 ●

ISL 602

Lamiaceae

Naraishamakai

Olea ferruginea (Sol.) Steud.

T

Leaves

Leaves are boiled in water and decoction is used thrice a day.

Gonorrhoea, High fever, Skin infections

65

0.45

1 ●, 2 ●, 3 ●, 4 ●

ISL 606

Oleaceae

Khona

Origanum vulgare L.

H

Whole plant

Decoction of plant is taken orally.

Skin infections, Sexual weakness, Digestive disorders, Intestinal pain, Urinary disorders

135

0.95

1 ●, 2 ●, 3 ●, 4 ●

Juice made from crushed plant is used for curing stomach and urinary pain.

ISL 603

Lamiaceae

Shamakai

Otostegia limbata (Benth.) Boiss.

S

Leaves

Leaves are dried, ground and powder is mixed with honey. A table spoon is taken once a day for wound healing.

Gum disease, Wounds

73

0.51

1 ●, 2 ●, 3 ●, 4 ●

ISL 604

Lamiaceae

SpeenAzghakay

Oxalis corniculata L.

H

Whole Plant

Juice of fresh plant is used in stomach problems.

Digestive disorders, wounds,

46

0.32

1 ●, 2 ●, 3 ●, 4 ●

ISL 607

Fresh leaves are crushed and applied to wounds to stop bleeding.

Jaundice,

Oxalidaceae

ManzakeenTarukay

Paeonia emodi Royle

H

Roots

Dried ground roots are fried and taken orally.

Diarrhea, Rheumatic pain, Gynecological disorders, Vomiting

92

0.64

1 ●, 2 ●, 3 ●, 4 ●

ISL 608

Powdered roots mixed with butter oil and taken orally.

Paeoniaceae

Mamaikh

Picrorhiza kurrooa Royle.

H

Roots and rhizomes

Decoction of rhizome is taken twice a day for a week.

Digestive complaints, Heart disease

29

0.20

1 ●, 2 ●, 3 ●, 4 ●

ISL 624

Scrophulariaceae

Karroo

stacia integerrima J.L. Stewart ex Brandis

T

Bark and fruit

The boil extract of bark is used.

Jaundice, Bronchial disorder

66

0.46

1 ●, 2 ●, 3 ●, 4 ●

ISL 584

Fruit is roasted in mustard oil, ground and then used.

Anacardiaceae

Shanai, Kakarsinghai

Plantago lanceolata L.

H

Leaves and fruits

Leaves and fruits are boiled in water. The extract is cooled and mixed with sugar which is used for curing dysentery.

Urinary disorders, dysentery, Skin sores, Burns, Wounds

112

0.78

1 ●, 2 ●, 3 ▲, 4 ●

ISL 609

Plantaginaceae

BaltangaJabai

Podophyllum emodi Wall. ex Royle

H

Roots

A decoction of dried ground roots is taken thrice a day.

Vomiting, Purgative, Abdominal pain

57

0.40

1 ●, 2 ●, 3 ●, 4 ●

ISL 610

Podophyllaceae

Gangora, Kakorra

Quercus incana Bartram

T

Bark and fruits

Half roasted fruit powder is mixed in honey and taken.

Urinary disorders, Asthma/breathing problems, Diarrhea, Gonorrhoea

50

0.35

1 ●, 2 ●, 3 ●, 4 ●

ISL 595

Fagaceae

Spin Banj

Rheum australe D. Don

H

Whole plant

Powder of plant is sprayed over the wounds for early healing.

Intestinal pain, Skin infections, blood purifier

71

0.5

1 ●, 2 ●, 3 ●, 4 ●

ISL 613

Polygonaceae

Chontal

Ricinus communis L.

S

Leaves and seeds

Leaves are heated and applied over the abdomen.

Constipation, Jaundice, Abdominal pain

64

0.45

1 ●, 2 ●, 3 ●, 4 ●

ISL 594

Euphorbiaceae

Aranda, Harhanda

Rumex hastatus D. Don

S

Leaves and young shoots

Decoction of leaves and young shoots is taken thrice a day for the treatment of constipation

Urinary disorders, Cooling, Constipation, Worms problem

81

0.57

1 ●, 2 ●, 3 ●, 4 ●

ISL 612

Polygonaceae

Dried ground leaves are taken orally with water for removal of tape worms.

Tarukay

Salix babylonica L.

T

Leaves

Leaves are warmed and wrapped around the infected wounds and areas of insect bites for releasing their poisonous effects.

Wounds, Insect bites

69

0.48

1 ●, 2 ●, 3 ●, 4 ●

ISL 622

Salicaceae

Aseelawala

Skimmia laureola (DC.) Siebold & Zucc. exWalp.

S

Leaves

Dried ground leaves are taken orally with water.

Small pox, Worms problems, colic

129

0.90

1 ● , 2 ● , 3 ● , 4 ●

ISL 620

Rutaceae

Nazarpanra, Nameer

Swertia chirayita Roxb. H. Karst.

H

Whole plant

An infusion of the herb is generally employed.

Digestive disorders, Hepatitis, Worms problems, Dyspepsia, Diarrhea

82

0.57

1 ▲, 2 ●, 3 ●, 4 ■

ISL 597

Gentianaceae

Chirayata

Valeriana jatamansi Jones

H

Rhizome

Dried ground rhizome is taken orally with milk.

Intestinal pain, neurosis, Insomnia, Constipation

61

0.42

1 ●, 2 ●, 3 ▲, 4 ■

ISL 628

Valerianaceae

Shingatai

Verbascum thapsus L.

H

Leaves, floral parts and seeds

Decoction of seeds is taken orally.

Diarrhea, Dysentery, Analgesic, Skin infections

42

0.29

1 ●, 2 ●, 3 ●, 4 ●

Decoction of floral part is applied externally to the burnt part of the body.

ISL 625

Scrophulariaceae

KharGhwag

Viola pilosa Blume

H

Leaves and flowers

Decoction of dried ground leaves and flowers mixed with honey is used thrice a day.

Chest pain, High and mild fever, Stomach ulcer

115

0.80

1 ●, 2 ●, 3 ●, 4 ●

ISL 630

Violaceae

Banafsha

Vitex negundo L.

S

Leaves and stem

Leaves are boiled in water, filtered and extract is use orally.

Mild fever, Urinary disorders, Worms problem anthelmintic

78

0.54

1 ●, 2 ●, 3 ●, 4 ●

ISL 629

Verbenaceae

Marwandai

Withanias omnifera (L.) Dunal

S

Whole plant

Roots are ground and mixed with wheat flour and butter oil and a traditional sweet is made which is used as tonic.

Urinary disorders, Sexual weakness, narcotic, Rheumatic pain

83

0.58

1 ●, 2 ■, 3 ●, 4 ●

ISL 627

Solanaceae

Kutilal

Zanthoxylum armatum DC.

S

Bark and fruit

Decoction of bark is use orally.

Digestive disorders, Skin infections, Gum diseases, Toothache

123

0.86

1 ●, 2 ●, 3 ●, 4 ■

ISL 621

Young shoots are chewed and juice is swallowed to treat the gum diseases and toothache.

Rutaceae

Dambara, Timbar

Zizyphus jujuba Mill.

T

Leaves and fruits

Leaves are chewed by diabetic patients to decrease sugar level.

Skin infections, Diabetes

112

0.78

1 ▲, 2 ●, 3 ●, 4 ▲

ISL 616

Rhamnaceae

Markhanai, Unnab

Zizyphus oxyphylla Edgew.

S

Roots and fruits

Roots are crushed and boiled in water. The extract is cooled, filtered and kept in dew overnight. This decoction is taken in morning for curing jaundice.

Jaundice, Burnings

79

0.55

1 ▲, 2 ●, 3 ●, 4 ▲

ISL 617

Rhamnaceae

Markhanai, Elanai