Table 1 Medicinal plants used in Maale and Ari communities with plant parts used, growth form and applications

1

Tsinkaso (M)

Eye disease (infection), Headache

Barleria ventricosa Hochst. ex Nees

Acanthaceae

210 , 356

Leaves

Herb

Topical

M

2

Moro Golodo (M)

Gastritis

Blepharis maderaspatensis (L.) Roth.

Acanthaceae

234, 637

Whole

Herb

Oral

M

3

Golodo (M)

Oral trash, Gastritis, Malnutrition

Justicia bizuneshiae Ensermu

Acanthaceae

357

Leaves

Herb

Oral

M

4

Busino (M)

Amoebiasis, Stomach ache, Diarrhea

Hypoestes forsskaolii (Vahl) R. Br.

Acanthaceae

30

Root

Herb

Oral

M

5

Kati Murso (M)

Constipation, Ascariasis

Thunbergia alata Boj. ex Sims

Acanthaceae

232,366, 391

whole

Climber

Oral

M

6

Majimaylo(M)

Tape worm

Celosia trigyna L.

Amaranthaceae

679

Leaves

Herb

Oral

M

7

Tsami shinkurt (A)

Stomach ache

Allium sativum L.

Amaryllidaceae

-

Bulb

Herb

Oral

A1, A2

8

Salvano (M)

Ascariasis

Ozoroa insignis Delile

Anacardiaceae

177 224 289 302

Stem bark

Tree

Oral

M

9

Kubri (M)

Diarrhea, Toothache, Food poisoning, Vomiting

Rhus natalensis Krauss

Anacardiaceae

28

Leaves

Shrub

Oral

M

10

Muralatse (M)

Food poisoning, vomiting

Uvaria leptocladon Oliv.

Annonaceae

24

Leaves

Shrub

Oral

M

11

Afi Deshe (A)

Evil eye

Agrocharis melanantha Hochst.

Apiaceae

309

Leaves

Herb

A 2

12

Etsewayo (M), Ountinkam (A)

Gastritis, Headache Evil eye

Centella asiatica (L.) Urban

Apiaceae

36,128

whole

Herb

Oral

M, A1, A2

Swelling

Centella asiatica (L.) Urban

Whole

Herb

Topical

13

Ambelto (M), Almi (A)

Tonsilites

Carissa spinarum L.

Apocynaceae

33,119

Leaves

Tree

Oral

M, A1

Snake protection

Carissa spinarum L.

Root

Tree

Smoke

Stomach ache,

Carissa spinarum L.

Root

Tree

Oral

Evil eye

Carissa spinarum L.

Root

Tree

Inhale

14

Pijie (M)

Ascariasis

Pergularia daemia (Forssk.) Chiov.

Apocynaceae

304

Root

Climber

Oral

M

Malnutrition (Child)

Pergularia daemia (Forssk.) Chiov.

Leaves

Oral

M

15

Metse (M)

Retained placenta

Leptadenia hastata (Pel's.) Decne.

Apocynaceae

101

Leaves

Shrub

Oral

M

Liver disease(Ara)

Leptadenia hastata (Pel's.) Decne.

Leaves

Inhale

16

Zolpe (M)

Liver disease (Ara)

Stereospermum kunthianum Cham.

Bignoniaceae

282,402

Leaves

Tree

Inhale

M

17

Achenti (A)

Stomach ache

Cynoglossum lanceolatum Forssk.

Boraginaceae

2

Root

Herb

Oral

A2

18

Kolpo (M)

Common cold

Brassica carinata A. Braun

Brassicaceae

Leaves

Herb

Oral

M

19

Feto

Common cold

Lepidium sativum L.

Brassicaceae

-

Seed

Herb

Oral

A2

20

Afi Deshe (A)

Evil eye

Monopsis stellarioides (Presl) Urb.

Campanulaceae

246

Leaves

Herb

Oral

A2

Guni deshe (A)

Snake bite

Monopsis stellarioides (Presl) Urb.

21

Chedi (A)

Oral trash

Garcinia livingstonei T.Anders.

Clusiaceae

14

Fruit

Tree

Topical

A2

22

Yemdir Berbere (A)

Tooth ache, Tonsillitis

Acmella caulirhiza Delile

Compositae

89,313

Flower

Herb

Topical

A1

23

Dunko (M), Duno (A)

Stomach ache

Artemisia absinthium L.

Compositae

-

Leaves with stem

Herb

Oral

M, A1

Evil eye, Sudden disease, Headache

Artemisia absinthium L.

Leaves with stem

Oral/Inhale

24

Hachenti (M)

Diarrhea

Bidens pilosa L.

Compositae

233

Root

Herb

Oral

M

25

Azi deshe (A)

Swelling(eti)

Conyza gouanii (L.) Willd.

Compositae

311

Leaves

Herb

Topical

A2

26

Rebasho (M) Haro mato (M)

Rheumatism

Tagetes minuta L.

Compositae

203

Leaves

Herb

Topical

M

Amoebiasis

Tagetes minuta L.

Leaves

Herb

Oral

27

Gera (A)

Malaria

Vernonia amygdalina Delile

Compositae

-

leaves

shrub

Oral

M, A1

28

Kwakuch deshe (A)

Skin disease (‘Kwakucha)

Cuscuta campestris Yuncker

Convolvulaceae

259

Leaves with succulent stem

Herb

Topical

A1

29

Lago (M)

Malnutrition (Child) Diarrhea, Hheart disease, Gastritis

Ipomoea obscura (L.) Ker-Gawl.

Convolvulaceae

211

Leaves

Herb/climber type

Oral

M

30

Welanke (M)

Liver disease

Ipomoea spathulata Hall.f.

Convolvulaceae

173,404

Leaves

Herb

Inhale

M

31

Kamakarsho (M)

Ascariasis

Combretum aculeatum Vent.

Combretaceae

287,504

Leaves

Shrub

Oral

M

32

Gaal (M)

Typoid

Terminalia brownii L.

Combretaceae

Leaves

Tree

Oral

M

Snake bite

Terminalia brownii L.

Bark

Oral/Topical

33

Hachirindo (M)

Lower extremity weakness

Cucumis dipsaceus Ehrenb. ex Spach

Cucurbitaceae

15

Leaves

Herb

Topical

M

Amoebiasis

Cucumis dipsaceus Ehrenb. ex Spach

Whole

Oral

34

Botayilashe (M), Bota (A)

Tape worm

Cucurbita pepo L.

Cucurbitaceae

-

Seed

Herb

Oral

M, A1

Bota

Tape worm

Cucurbita pepo L.

Seed

Herb

Oral

35

Shuntee (M)

Mouth wound

Kedrostis foetidissima (Jacq.) Cogn

Cucurbitaceae

84

Leaves

Herb

Topical

M

36

Choko (M)

Amoebiasis

Momordica foetida Schumach.

Cucurbitaceae

204, 242

Whole

Herb

Oral

M

37

Najie (M)

Evil eye

Momordica pterocarpa Hochst. ex A. Rich.

Cucurbitaceae

20

Leaves

Climber

Topical

M

Amoebiasis

Momordica pterocarpa Hochst. ex A. Rich.

Leaves

Climber

Oral

38

Ounsi (M)

Stomach ache

Euclea divinorum Hiern

Ebenaceae

26

Root

Shrub

Oral

M

39

Sauto zao (M)

Stomach bloating, food poisoning, Vomiting

Acalypha fruticosa Forssk.

Euphorbiaceae

98

Leaves

Shrub

Oral

M

Stomach ache

Acalypha fruticosa Forssk.

Stem

Oral

M

40

Sauti (M)

Eye injury

Acalypha volkensii Pax

Euphorbiaceae

223

Leaves

Herb

Topical

M

41

No local name

Eye disease (Cataract)

Euphorbia hirta L.

Euphorbiaceae

496

Latex

Herb

Topical

M

42

Tsedo (M)

Rabies

Euphorbia tirucalli L.

Euphorbiaceae

285

Root

Shrub

Oral

M

43

Tsamo desho (M)

Wound

Ricinus communis L.

Euphorbiaceae

350

Seed

Shrub

Topical

M,A2

44

Beto (M) Beta (A)

Gonorrhea ,Tape worm

Croton macrostachyus Hochst. ex Ferret & Galinier

Euphorbiaceae

Leaf bud

Tree

Oral

M, A1, A2

45

Gaina deshe/Azi deshe (A)

Stomach bloating,

Geranium arabicum Forssk.

Geraniaceae

312,445

Leaves

Herb

Oral

A2

Swelling

Geranium arabicum Forssk.

Leaves

Herb

Topical

46

Bato ketero deshe (M)

Amoebiasis

Pelargonium quinquelobatum Hochst. ex A.Rich.,

Geraniaceae

227

Whole

Herb

Oral

M

47

Afi Deshe (A)

Evil eye

Hypericum peplidifolium A.Rich.

Hypericaceae

263

Leaves

Herb

Oral

A1,A2

48

Harsi deshe/ Gaina deshe/Shai Shar (A)

Diarrhea

Ajuga leucantha Lukhoba

Lamiaceae

274, 278, 441

Leaves

Herb

Oral

A1,A2

49

Baye Apo Desho (M)

Stomach ache, Heart, Rheumatism

Becium filamentosum (Forssk.) Chiov.

Lamiaceae

196,221,324

Whole

Herb

Oral

M

50

Bokolo (M), Dumfeken (A)

Stomach bloating, vomiting

Clerodendrum myricoides (Hochst.) Vatke

Lamiaceae

195,346

Leaves

Shrub

Oral

M, A1, A2

Evil eye

Clerodendrum myricoides (Hochst.) Vatke

Lamiaceae

38

Root

Shrub

Oral ,Inhale

51

Apo Desho (M)

Evil eye

Endostemon tereticaulis (Poir.) M.Ashby

Lamiaceae

99,165

Whole

Herb

Topical

M

52

Tsamo desho (M)

Cold

Fuerstia africana T.C.E. Fr.

Lamiaceae

230

Leaves

Herb

Topical

M

53

Pelo Tsala (M)

Stomach ache, Amoebiasis, Stomach bloating, Head ache, Food poisoning, Vomiting

Leucas abyssinica (Benth.) Briq.

Lamiaceae

167,321

Leaves

Shrub

Oral

M

Rheumantism

Leucas abyssinica (Benth.) Briq.

Leaves

Topical

54

Chergicola

Pus from Ear, nose, mouth; Eye disease (cataract), Rheumatism

Leucas glabarata (Vahl) Sm. in Rees

Lamiaceae

237, 281, 320, 365

Leaves

Herb

Topical

M

Headache

Leaves

Oral/inhale

55

Azi deshe

Swelling

Leucas martinicensis (Jacq.) R.Br.

Lamiaceae

315

Leaves

Herb

Topical

A2

56

Lamo (M)

Stomach ache

Ocimum basilicum L.

Lamiaceae

222 ,317

Leaves

Herb

Oral

M

57

Gurdarindo (M)

Headache, Diarrhea Stomach bloating, Stomach ache, Vomiting

Ocimum forskolei Benth.

Lamiaceae

214 , 235

Whole

Herb

Oral

M

58

Pasi kedo

Heart disease

Ocimum laliifolium Hochst. ex Benth.

Lamiaceae

225,37

Leaves

Herb

Oral

M,

Demakesse

Headache

Ocimum lamiifolium Hochst. ex Benth.

134

Leaves

Oral/Inhale

A1, A2

59

Kuliti kup (M)

Herpes simplex ( “Mich”)

Ocimum urticifolium Roth

Lamiaceae

133

Leaves

Shrub

Topical

A1,A2

Stomach ache, Vomiting

Ocimum urticifolium Roth

Oral

Headache

Ocimum urticifolium Roth

Inhale

60

Pero (M)

Amoebiasis, Stomach ache

Plectranthus barbatus Andrews

Lamiaceae

85

Root

Herb

Oral

M

61

Dumio (M)

Lower extremity weakness

Plectranthus cylindraceus Hochst. ex Benth.

Lamiaceae

229,503

Leaves

Herb

Topical

M

62

Ketero Desho Solelo (M)

Stomach ache, Amoebiasis, Diarrhea

Plectranthus longipes Baker

Lamiaceae

464

whole

Herb

Oral

M

63

Banjirindo (M)

Ease of Birth

Plectranthus punctatus (L.f) L.'Hér.

Lamiaceae

207,318,369

Whole

Herb

Oral

M

64

Anchip (M)

Amoebiasis, Diarrhea, Stomach bloating, Stomach ache, Food poisoning

Pycnostachys abyssinica Fresen.

Lamiaceae

205, 319

Leaves

Herb

Oral

M

65

Sheto (M)

Constipation

Satureja abyssinica (Benth.) Briq.

Lamiaceae

292, 690

Leaves

Herb

Oral

M

66

Zene gaime Deshe (A)

Stomach ache

Satureja paradoxa (Vatke) Engl. ex Seybold

Lamiaceae

310, 371

Leaves

Herb

Oral

A2

67

Kayneka/Digita (A)

Stomach ache

Calpurnia aurea (Ait.) Benth.

Leguminosae

247,272

Leaves

shrub

Oral

A1, A2

Diarrhea

Calpurnia aurea (Ait.) Benth.

Root

Herb

Oral

68

Aro Dor deshe (M)

Malnutrition (Child)

Chamaecrista mimosoides (L.) Greene

Leguminosae

197,322

Whole

Herb

Oral

M

69

Dongordoso (M)

Tonsilites

Indigofera spicata Forssk.

Leguminosae

202, 251, 256,261, 345,388

Root

Herb

Oral

M, A1

Afi Deshe/Gaina Deshe/Wesfat deshe (A)

Diarrhea, Evil eye Ascariasis, Stomach ache

Indigofera spicata Forssk.

467

Whole

Oral

70

Birbira (A)

To close wound caused by Jiggers

Millettia ferruginea (Hochst.) Baker

Leguminosae

-

Seed

Tree

Topical

A2

71

Dawrake (M)

Liver disease

Piliostigma thonningii (Schumach.) Milne-Redh.

Leguminosae

117

Leaves

Tree

Inhale

M

72

Ara Deshe (A)

Liver disease (Ara)

Senna petersiana (Bolle) Lock

Leguminosae

260

Leaves

Shrub

Inhale

A1, A2

73

Karhaleko (M)

Stomach ache, Diarrhea , Food poisoning, Vomiting, Ascariasis

Senna singueana (Delile) Lock

Leguminosae

59,28

Root

Shrub

Oral

M

74

Dino desho (M)

Diarrhea ( Children)

Stylosanthes fruticosa (Retz.) Alston

Leguminosae

Leaves

Herb

Oral

M

Snake bite

Stylosanthes fruticosa (Retz.) Alston

Root

Oral

75

Dolkoiso (M)

Stomach ache, Vomiting

Tephrosia bracteolata Guill. & Perr.

Leguminosae

291

Leaves

Shrub

Oral

M

76

Seringo demo golodo (M)

Gastritis

Zornia pratensis Milne-Redh.

Leguminosae

192, 328

Leaves

Herb

Oral

M

77

Polo Golodo (M)

Stomach ache, Diarrhea, Gastritis

Abutilon longicuspe Hochst. ex A.Rich

Malvaceae

193

Leaves

Herb

Oral

M

78

Puta (M)

Heart, food poisoning

Gossypium herbaceum L.

Malvaceae

621

Leaves

Shrub

Oral

M

Ear ache

Gossypium herbaceum L.

Leaf bud

Topical

79

Wari Beshe (M) Civil deshe (A)

Oral trash, Diarrhea , Malnutrition (Child)

Kosteletzkya adoensis (Hochst. ex A.Rich.) Mast.

Malvaceae

209,368,465

Leaves

Herb

Oral

M,

Fresh cut to stop bleeding

Kosteletzkya adoensis (Hochst. ex A.Rich.) Mast.

Leaves

Herb

Topical

A1

80

Chuksha (A )

Swelling

Sida rhombifolia L.

Malvaceae

93, 314

Leaves

Herb

Topical

A2

81

Kautso (M)

Vomiting, Food poisoning

Sterculia africana (Lour.) Fiori

Malvaceae

47

Leaves

Tree

Oral

M

82

Gontersa (M)

Snake bite, Liver disease

Bersama abyssinica Fresen.

Melianthaceae

436,475

Stem bark

Shrub

Oral/

Topical

A1,

A2

83

Chorahe (M)

Amoebiasis

Chasmanthera dependens Hochst.

Menispermaceae

100

Stem

Herb

Oral

M

Swelling

Chasmanthera dependens Hochst.

Topical

84

Balari (M)

Amoebiasis, Diarrhea, Rabies, Stomach ache

Cissampelos mucronata A.Rich.

Menispermaceae

29,96

Root

Herb

Oral

M

85

Haleko, Kellengi (A)

Eye disease (cataract)

Moringa stenopetala (Bak.) Cuf.

Moringaceae

-

Stem bark

Tree

Topical

M,

Malaria

Moringa stenopetala (Bak.) Cuf.

Leaves

Tree

Oral

A1

86

Musi (A)

Diarrhea

Musa paradisiaca L.

Musaceae

-

Fruit

Herb

Oral

A1

87

Enkoko (A)

Tape worm

Embelia schimperi Vatke

Myrsinaceae

-

Seeds

Shrub

Oral

A2

88

Diko (M)

Lower extremity weakness, Rheumatism

Commicarpus grandiflorus (A.Rich) Standley

Nyctaginaceae

Leaves

Herb

Topical

M

89

Mukalle (M)

Wound

Ximenia caffra Sond.

Olacaceae

22

Seed

Tree

Topical

M

90

Chamo (M)

Tape worm

Jasminum grandiflorum L subsp. floribundum (R.Br. ex Fresen.) P.S.Green:

Oleaceae

415,727

Climber

Oral

M

91

Rimiti (M)

Ascariasis, Gonorrhea

Olea europaea L. subsp. cuspidata (Wall.ex G.Don) Cif.

Oleaceae

108

Leaves

Tree

Oral

M

92

Afi deshe (Bere Keno) (A)

Evil eye

Biophytum umbraculum Welw.

Oxalidaceae

264

Leaves

Herb

Oral

A2

93

Solcarindo (M), Kinsa kins (A)

Malnutrition (children) Diarrhea, Tooth ache, Stop fresh cut bleeding

Oxalis radicosa A. Rich.

Oxalidaceae

212, 326

Leaves with succulent stem

Herb

Oral

M, A1

94

Azi (ite) deshe

Swelling

Phyllanthus ovalifolius Forssk.

Phyllanthaceae

200

Leaves

Shrub

Topical

A1,A2

95

Afi Deshe (A)

Evil eye

Phyllanthus rotundifolius Willd

Phyllanthaceae

244, 305

Leaves

Herb

Oral

A1

96

Tolsi (M), Andod (A)

Gonorrhea, Stomach bloating

Phytolacca dodecandra L 'Hérit.

Phytolaccaceae

97,241

Leaves

Climber

Oral

M,A1

97

Kurupe (M), Guni deshe (A)

Tooth ache

Plumbago zeylanica L.

Plumbaginaceae

90, 279, 284,306,367

Root bark

Climber

Topical

M, A1,A2

Snake bite

Plumbago zeylanica L.

Whole

Oral

98

Tsoralle (M)

Skin burns

Portulaca quadrifida L.

Portulacaceae

Leaves

Herb

Topical

M

99

Wuchanbe (M)

Tape worm

Myrsine africana L.

Primulaceae

178

Seed

Shrub

Oral

M

100

Gero (M)

Tooth ache

Faurea speciosa Welw.

Proteaceae

109,413

Leaves

Tree

Topical

M

101

Dishoo (M)

Ear ache

Clematis hirsuta Perr. & Guill.

Ranunculaceae

110,231

Leaves

Climber

Topical

M

Headache

Clematis hirsuta Perr. & Guill.

Leaves

Oral

102

Afi Deshe (M)

Evil eye

Ranunculus multifidus Forssk.

Ranunculaceae

381,111, 270

Leaves

Herb

Topical

A2

Tonsillitis

Ranunculus multifidus Forssk.

Oral

103

Ziambee

Ascariasis

Caylusea abyssinica (Fresen.) Fisch. & Mey

Resedaceae

16

Leaves

Herb

Oral

M

104

Kulmi (A)

Tonsilities

Rhamnus prinoides L.'Hérit.

Rhamnaceae

-

Leaves

Shrub

Oral

A1,A2

105

Kosso (A)

Tape worm

Hagenia abyssinica (Brace) J.F.Gmel.

Rosaceae

-

Flower

Tree

Oral

M, A2

106

Afi Deshe(b)

Evil eye

Oldenlandia lancifolia (Schumach.) DC.

Rubiaceae

245

Leaves

Herb

Oral

A1

107

Wari ampi (M)

Liver disease (Ara)

Pavetta gardeniifolia A.Rich.

Rubiaceae

325

Leaves

Shrub

Inhale

M

Common cold

Pavetta gardeniifolia A Rich.

108

Afi deshe/gaina deshe (A)

Diarrhea, Evil eye, Tooth ache, Stomach ache, Head wound

Pentas lanceolata (Forssk.) Deflers

Rubiaceae

277,243,250, 276, 249

Root

Herb

Oral

A1, A2

109

Garo (M)

Ascariasis

Vangueria apiculata K. Schum.

Rubiaceae

8,157

Leaves

Shrub

Oral

M

110

Gembala (M)

Malaria

Gardenia ternifolia Schumach. & Thonn.

Rubiaceae

352

Leaves

Tree

Oral

M

111

Onaki (M)

Ascariasis

Meyna tetraphylla (Schweinf. ex Hiern) Robyns

Rubiaceae

4

Leaves

Tree

Oral

M

112

Lomi (A)

Oral trash; Food poisoning

Citrus aurantiifolia (Christm.) Swingle

Rutaceae

-

Fruit

Tree

Oral

A1

113

Tselto (M)

Stomach ache, common cold

Ruta chalepensis L. var.tenuifolia D'Urville

Rutaceae

-

Leaves with succulent stem

Herb

Oral

M, A1.A2

114

Gedai (M)

Common cold

Zanthoxylum chalybeum Engl.

Rutaceae

31

Seed

Tree

Oral

M

115

Wulchi (M)

Scorpion bite

Anemia schimperiana Presl.

Schizaeaceae

290

Leaves

Herb

Oral

M

116

Mitmita (A)

Malaria

Capsicum annuum L.

Solanaceae

-

Fruit

Herb

Oral

A1

117

Guni deshe (A)

Snake bite

Datura metel L.

Solanaceae

103

Whole

Herb

Oral/topical

A1

118

Atsefaris (M)

Toothache

Datura stramonium L.

Solanaceae

Leaf bud

Shrub

Topical

M

119

Ara Deshe (A)

Liver disease

Discopodium penninervium Hochst.

Solanaceae

339

Leaves

Tree

Inhale

A2

120

Tumbaho (M)

Leeches

Nicotiana tabacum L.

Solanaceae

-

Leaves

Herb

Topical/ Oral

A1,A2

121

Achi Kolpo (M), Garenti (A)

Amoebiasis, Stomach ache, Evil eye

Solanum dasyphyllum Schumach.

Solanaceae

9,94

Root

Herb

Oral

M,A1,A2

122

Kotse Garenti (A) Bulabulo(M)

Ascariasis, stomach ache

Solanum incanum L.

Solanaceae

94

Root

Herb

Oral

M

123

Muto (M)

Cold

Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal

Solanaceae

176, 208

Root

Herb

Oral

M

124

Azi deshe/masna (A)

Swelling

Veronica abyssinica Fres.

Scrophulariaceae

316, 334

Leaves

Herb

Topical

A2

125

Enaro (M)

Headache, Vomiting

Lantana camara L.

Verbenaceae

169

Leaves

Shrub

Oral

M

126

Dolo amede (M)

Headache

Lantana trifolia L.

Verbenaceae

190

Leaves

Shrub

Oral

M

127

Atuch

Stomach ache

Verbena officinalis subsp. africana R.Fernandes & Verdc.

Verbenaceae

268

Leaves

Herb

Oral

A2

128

Kuze (M)

Ascariasis, Food poisoning ,Vomiting

Balanites rotundifolia (van Tieghem) Blatter

Zygophyllaceae

41

Leaves

Tree

Oral

M