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Table 7 Responses limiting the use and supporting the regeneration of ecosystem services and responses protecting ecosystem services and their fair distribution (with examples)

From: Landscape ethnoecological knowledge base and management of ecosystem services in a Székely-Hungarian pre-capitalistic village system (Transylvania, Romania)

Responses

Forest

Pasture

Meadow

Arable

Fallow

Water

Fruit, grape

Other

Total

Responses limiting use and supporting regeneration

1. permitted only in certain state (of wood, animal)

12

5

-

2

-

-

-

-

19

2. permitted only in the case of certain species (of wood, animal)

28

7

2

2

-

-

-

-

39

3. permitted only from/until given date (grazing of hay meadows, collecting of wild apple)

-

6

18

16

1

-

1

2

44

4. permitted only in certain amount (felling of trees, grazing of cattle)

14

1

1

-

-

-

1

1

18

5. permitted only on certain days (felling of trees, harvesting)

5

-

-

1

-

-

-

-

6

6. permitted only with permission/report (felling of trees, receiving of foreign sheep, selling of hay)

38

9

15

19

-

-

-

1

82

7. price according to the value (wood, grazing cattle)

9

-

4

3

-

-

-

-

16

8. cannot be marketed from the village (wood, hay, corn, fish, fruit, grape)

23

-

3

1

-

1

4

-

32

9. outsider not permitted to use local ecosystem services (acorn, pasture, hay)

11

15

3

-

2

-

2

-

33

10. must be protected against damage (putting out of forest fire, pollution of water)

2

1

-

-

-

13

-

-

16

11. permitted only in certain places (felling of trees, mowing, grazing of sheep/cattle)

103

16

59

42

-

4

-

4

228

12. permitted only for certain purposes (for tools, for sick livestock, for the need of the community)

6

-

1

1

-

1

1

-

10

13. absolutely prohibited (felling of trees, grazing, fishing)

31

3

-

3

-

3

-

3

43

14. rewarding (revealing of delinquent, shooting of wolves and bears)

2

-

-

-

-

-

-

1

3

15. permitted only by certain means ( grazing by fastening to pickets)

1

2

1

-

-

-

-

1

5

Total

285

65

107

90

3

22

9

13

596

Responses protecting ecosystem services and their fair distribution

16. community permitted to, individuals not permitted to (fell trees, graze, mow)

3

1

1

-

-

-

-

1

6

17. prohibited to steal from individuals (wood, hay, crop, fruit)

2

-

8

13

-

-

3

11

37

18. prohibited to steal from the common property (wood, hay, crop, fruit)

2

-

5

5

-

-

-

-

12

19. prohibited to damage property of other members/community (forest, pasture, hay meadows, arable lands)

71

5

85

122

-

1

9

14

307

20. damage prevention (gates must be closed, grazing in the forest only without carrying an axe, cleaning of river/stream bed)

27

2

49

64

-

6

4

3

155

21. permitted only at a certain time of the day (felling of trees, mowing, harvesting)

2

-

5

6

-

-

-

-

13

22. protected by a hayward (forest, flock, hay, green crops, grape)

5

2

15

18

-

-

-

1

41

23. permitted

1

-

1

-

-

-

-

-

2

24. must be shared fairly (wood, grass)

3

-

1

-

-

-

-

-

4

25. other

3

-

-

1

-

1

-

-

5

Total

119

10

170

229

0

8

16

30

582