Table 1 Diversity of plant species and methods used in management of ENT diseases in Central Kenya
From: Traditional management of ear, nose and throat (ENT) diseases in Central Kenya
Species name | Family | Kikuyu name | Disease | Part used | Method of drug preparation | Method of drug administration |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Acacia mellifera (Vahl) Benth. | Mimosaceae | Mûthigira | WC | Bark |  | Chewing |
Acacia mellifera (Vahl) Benth. | Mimosaceae | Mûthigira | Cg | Bark | Crushing | Chewing |
Ajuga remota Benth | Lamiaceae | Wanjirû wa rûriî | CC | Leaves | Boiling | Orally |
Ajuga remota Benth. | Lamiaceae | Wanjirû wa rûriî | Cg | Leaves | Boiling | Orally |
Asparagus setaceus (Kunth) Jessop | Asparagaceae | Karûrûra | Cg | Leaves | Crushing/pounding | Chewing |
Aspilia pluriseta Schweinf. | Asteraceae | Muutî | Cg | Bark | Crushing | Chewing |
Aspilia pluriseta Schweinf. | Asteraceae | Muutî | OM | Sap | Squeezed from stems | Directly installed |
Bidens pilosa L. | Asteraceae | Mûcege | NB | Leaves | Boiling | Orally |
Caesalpinia volkensii Harms | Caesalpiniaceae | Mûbûthî | CC | Roots | Crushing to release sap | Topically by rubbing nasal region |
Carissa edulis Forssk. | Apocynaceae | Mûkawa | As | Roots Leaves | Boil | Orally |
Carissa edulis Forssk. | Apocynaceae | Mûkawa | CP | Roots | Boiling Soup added | Orally |
Carissa edulis Forssk. | Apocynaceae | Mûkawa | CC | Roots | Boiling | Orally |
Citrus aurantiifolia (Christm.) Swingle | Rutaceae | Ndimu | As | Fruit | Boiling | Orally |
Citrus aurantiifolia (Christm.) Swingle | Rutaceae | Ndimû | CC | Fruit | Boiling | Orally |
Clematis brachiata Thunb. | Ranunculaceae | Mûgaya ng'ûndu | CC | Leaves | Boiling to release steam | Inhalation of steam |
Clutia abyssinica Jaub. & Spach | Euphorbiaceae | Mûthimambûri | To | Leaves | Boiling | Orally |
Coffea arabica L. | Rubiaceae | Kahûa/Mûhûa | Cg | Root | Boiling | Orally |
Colocasia antiquorum Schutt | Araceae | Kîrûtû | OM | Sap | Direct | Directly installed |
Combretum collinum Fres. | Combretaceae | Mûranjîkî | OM | Leaves | Sap extracted | Directly installed |
Crinum macawanii Bak. | Liliaceae | Gûtûngûrû kîa ngoma | As | Tuber | Boiling | Topically |
Crinum macawanii Bak. | Liliaceae | Gîtoka | OM | Leaves | Heated, sap squeeze | Directly installed |
Crinum macawanii Bak. | Liliaceae | Gîtûngûrû kîa ngoma | To | Bulb | Crushing | Massage |
Crotalaria agatiflora Schweinf. | Papilionaceae | Mûcingiri wa ngambainî | OM | Leaves | Crushing, some water added | Directly installed |
Croton megalocarpus Hutch. | Euphorbiaceae | Mûkindûri | Cg | Bark | Pounding | Chewing |
Croton megalocarpus Hutch. | Euphorbiaceae | Mûkindûri | To | Roots | Pounded | Chewing |
Cuscuta kilimanjari Oliv. | Convolvulaceae | Thîna | OM | Sap | Collected from stems | Directly installed |
Cussonia holstii Engl. | Araliaceae | Mûruruku | Cg | Bark | Pounding | Chewing |
Dalbergia lactea Vatke | Papilionaceae | Mwaritha | As | Wet leaves | Crushed to release sap | Topically |
Datura stramonium L. | Solanaceae | Ndatura | To | Stems | Crushing | Massage |
Dombeya burgessiniae Gerrard | Sterculiaceae | Mûkeû | Cg | Bark | Pounding | Chewing |
Englerina woodfordioides (Schweinf.) Balle | Loranthaceae | Kîeha | CC | Whole | Boiling | Orally |
Erythrina abyssinica DC. | Papilionaceae | Mûhûtî | Cg | Bark | Boiling | Orally |
Erythrina abyssinica DC. | Papilionaceae | Mûhûtî | NB | Bark | Boiling | Orally |
Eucalyptus saligna Smith | Myrtaceae | Mûbaû | CC | Leaves | Boiling | Inhalation of steam |
Euphorbia joyae Bally & S. Carter | Euphorbiaceae | Kariaria | To | Stem | Boiling | Orally |
Juniperus procera Engl. | Cupressaceae | Mûtarakwa | CC | Bark | Boiling | Orally |
Kigelia africana (Lam.) Benth. | Bignoniaceae | Mûratina wa thûkûrîi | CC | Rhizome | Boiling | Orally |
Kyllinga bulbosa P. Beau. | Cyperaceae | Ngothe | OM | Bulb | Bulb crushed to release sap | Directly installed |
Kyllinga bulbosa P. Beau. | Cyperaceae | Nyeki/Kîgombe | To | Leaves | Crushing | Chewing |
Lactuca inermis Forssk. | Asteraceae | Mûthûnga | To | Leaves | Dry leaves in shade and soak in hot water | Orally |
Lantana camara L. | Verbenaceae | Rûîthiki | CC | Leaves | Crushing of wet leaves | Inhalation |
Lantana camara L. | Verbenaceae | Mûkenia | OM | Leaves | Crushing | Directly installed |
Lippia javanica (Burm.f.) Spreng. | Verbenaceae | Mûthirîti | CC | Leaves | Crushing, steeped in hot water or milk | Orally |
Mangifera indica L. | Anacardiaceae | Mwîembe | As | Leaves | Boil | Orally |
Maytenus senegalensis (Lam.) Exell | Celastraceae | Mûthuthi | To | Sap | Squeezed from stems | Topically |
Melia azadirachta L. | Meliaceae | Mûarubaine | To | Leaves | Boiling | Orally |
Melia azadirachta L. | Meliaceae | Mwarumbaine | CC | Leaves | Boiling | Orally |
Momordica foetida Schumach. | Cucurbitaceae | Karera | To | Leaves | Crushing | Chewing |
Ocimum basilicum L. | Lamiaceae | Mûtaa | CC | Leaves | Crushed/Ground, steeped in hot water or milk | Orally |
Ocimum gratissimum L. | Lamiaceae | Mûkandu | OM | Leaves | Crushed | Directly installed |
Ocotea usambarensis Engl. | Lauraceae | Mûthaitî | CP | Bark | Boiling | Orally |
Ocotea usambarensis Engl. | Lauraceae | Mûthaitî | Cg | Bark | Boiling | Orally |
Osyris lanceolata Hocst & Stendel. | Santalaceae | Mûthaithi | N/T | Leaves | Boiling | Orally |
Physalis peruviana L. | Solanaceae | Mûnathi | As | leaves | Boiling | Orally |
Piliostigma thonnigii (Schumach.) Milne-Redh. | Papilionaceae | Mûkûra-ûtukû | Cg | Inner bark | Pounding | Chewing |
Piper capense L. | Piperaceae | Mûrûngû | CC | Leaves | Boiling | Orally |
Pistacia aethiopica Kokwaro | Anacardiaceae | Mûheheti | CC | Leaves | Boiling | Orally |
Plectranthus comosus Sims | Lamiaceae | Maigoya | OM | Leaves | Crushing | Directly installed |
Psidium guajava L. | Myrtaceae | Mûbera | As | Leaves Dry | Boiling | Orally |
Psidium guajava L. | Myrtaceae | Mûbera | CC | Leaves | Boiling | Orally |
Pterolobium stellatum (Forssk.) Brenan | Caesalpiniaceae | Mûtandambogo | CC | Roots | Boiling | Orally |
Rhamnus prinoides L'Herit | Rhamnaceae | Mûkarakinga | CP | Roots | Boiling Soup added | Orally |
Rhamnus prinoides L'Herit | Rhamnaceae | Mûkarakinga | CC | Leaves | Boiling | Orally |
Rhamnus prinoides L'Herit | Rhamnaceae | Mûkarakinga | To | Roots/Stem | Boiling | Orally |
Ricinus communis L. | Euphorbiaceae | Mûbarîki | Cg | Seeds | Grinding the seeds and cooking the fatty part | Orally |
Rubus apetalus Poir | Rosaceae | Mûtare | To | Fruit and leaves | Boiling | Orally |
Sarcostemma viminale (L.) R. Br. | Euphorbiaceae | Ndarû | OM | Stem | Heated, Sap squeezed | Directly installed |
Schkuhria pinnata (Lam.) Thell. | Asteraceae | Gakuinini | CC | Leaves | Boiling | Orally |
Schkuhria pinnata (Lam.) Thell. | Asteraceae | Gakuinini | Cg | Roots/Leaves | Boiling | Orally |
Senna didymobotrya (Fresen.) Irwin & Barneby | Caesalpiniaceae | Mwenû | To | Leaves | Boiling | Orally |
Solanum aculeastrum Dunal | Solanaceae | Gîtûra | To | Root | Boiling | Orally |
Solanum anguivi Lam. | Solanaceae | Gatongu | OM | Fruits | Juice squeezed | Directly installed |
Sonchus oleraceus L. | Asteraceae | Mahiû | CP | Roots | Boiling Soup added | Orally |
Sonchus oleraceus L. | Asteraceae | Mahiû | To | Roots | Boiling | Orally |
Sphilanthes mauritiania (Pers.) DC. | Asteraceae | Gatharaita | CC | Flowers | Crushing | Chewing |
Sporobolus pyramidalis P. Beauv. | Poaceae | Kagutu | Cg | Root | Boiling | Orally |
Tagetes minuta L. | Asteraceae | Mûbangi | As | Leaves | Boiling | Orally |
Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsl.) A. Gray | Asteraceae | Marûrû | CC | Leaves | Boiling | Orally |
Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsl.) A. Gray | Asteraceae | Marûrû | Cg | Leaves/Roots | Boiling | Orally |
Toddalia asiatica (L.) Lam. | Rutaceae | Mûrûrûwe | CC | Roots | Boiling | Orally |
Toddalia asiatica (L.) Lam. | Rutaceae | Mûrûrûwe | CC | Roots | Boiling | Inhalation |
Toddalia asiatica (L.) Lam. | Rutaceae | Mûrûrûwe | Cg | Leaves | Boiling | Orally |
Urtica massaica Mildbr. | Urticaceae | Thabai | CC | Leaves | Boiling | Orally |
Vernonia lasiopus O.Hoffm. | Asteraceae | Mûchatha | CC | Leaves | Boiling | Orally |
Vernonia lasiopus O.Hoffm. | Asteraceae | Mûchatha | OM | Flowers | Sap squeezed | Directly installed |
Warburgia ugandensis Sprague | Canellaceae | Mûthîga | CC | Bark and leaves | Boiling | Orally |
Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal | Solanaceae | Mûrumbae | As | Roots | Boiling | Orally |
Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal | Solanaceae | Mûrumbae | CC | Leaves | Boiling | Orally |
Zanthoxyllum usambarensis (Engl.) Kokwaro | Rutaceae | Mwikunya | CC | Leaves | Boiling | Orally |
Zehneria scabra (L.f.) Sond. | Cucurbitaceae | Rwegethia | CC | Leaves | Boiling | Orally |