Table 2 Variation in local knowledge of Blighia sapida according to five ethnic groups from Benin
Category/Criteria | Variant | Batombu (n = 40) | Yoruba (n = 60) | Otamari (n = 30) | Natemba (n = 30) | Fon (n = 80) | Total | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Â | Â | Â | F | % | FL | F | % | FL | F | % | FL | F | % | FL | F | % | FL | F | % |
Motivation | Â | Market | 0 | 0.0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.0 | 0.00 | 11 | 36.7 | 15.28 | 6 | 20.0 | 12.24 | 0 | 0.0 | 0.00 | 17 | 7.1 |
| Â | Â | Shade | 3 | 7.5 | 6.12 | 0 | 0.0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.0 | 0.00 | 1 | 3.3 | 2.04 | 15 | 18.8 | 20.83 | 19 | 7.9 |
| Â | Â | Medicine | 15 | 37.5 | 30.61 | 12 | 20.0 | 26.67 | 22 | 73.3 | 30.56 | 6 | 20.0 | 12.24 | 3 | 3.8 | 4.17 | 58 | 24.2 |
| Â | Â | Soap | 0 | 0.0 | 0.00 | 1 | 1.7 | 2.22 | 9 | 30.0 | 12.50 | 12 | 40.0 | 24.49 | 2 | 2.5 | 2.78 | 24 | 10.0 |
| Â | Â | Food | 28 | 70.0 | 57.14 | 32 | 53.3 | 71.11 | 30 | 100.0 | 41.67 | 24 | 80.0 | 48.98 | 51 | 63.8 | 70.83 | 165 | 68.8 |
| Â | Â | Myth | 3 | 7.5 | 6.12 | 0 | 0.0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.0 | 0.00 | 1 | 1.3 | 1.39 | 4 | 1.7 |
| Â | Â | ÎŁF | 49 | - | - | 45 | - | - | 72 | - | - | 49 | - | - | 72 | - | - | - | - |
Uses | Food | Fresh aril | 29 | 72.5 | 19.59 | 27 | 45.0 | 42.19 | 25 | 83.3 | 20.49 | 22 | 73.3 | 22.22 | 51 | 63.8 | 72.86 | 154 | 64.2 |
| Â | Â | Dried aril | 29 | 72.5 | 19.59 | 21 | 35.0 | 32.81 | 25 | 83.3 | 20.49 | 22 | 73.3 | 22.22 | 3 | 3.8 | 4.29 | 100 | 41.7 |
| Â | Â | Fried aril | 29 | 72.5 | 19.59 | 3 | 5.0 | 4.69 | 1 | 3.3 | 0.82 | 6 | 20.0 | 6.06 | 0 | 0.0 | 0.00 | 39 | 16.3 |
| Â | Â | Boiled aril | 29 | 72.5 | 19.59 | 10 | 16.7 | 15.63 | 25 | 83.3 | 20.49 | 21 | 70.0 | 21.21 | 8 | 10.0 | 11.43 | 93 | 38.8 |
| Â | Â | Vegetable | 0 | 0.0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.0 | 0.00 | 3 | 10.0 | 3.03 | 0 | 0.0 | 0.00 | 3 | 1.3 |
| Â | Fisheries | Fisheries | 1 | 2.5 | 0.68 | 0 | 0.0 | 0.00 | 22 | 73.3 | 18.03 | 10 | 33.3 | 10.10 | 0 | 0.0 | 0.00 | 33 | 13.8 |
| Â | Soap | Soap | 23 | 57.5 | 15.54 | 1 | 1.7 | 1.56 | 19 | 63.3 | 15.57 | 15 | 50.0 | 15.15 | 6 | 7.5 | 8.57 | 64 | 26.7 |
| Â | Â | Capsule to wash | 7 | 17.5 | 4.73 | 2 | 3.3 | 3.13 | 4 | 13.3 | 3.28 | 0 | 0.0 | 0.00 | 2 | 2.5 | 2.86 | 15 | 6.3 |
| Â | Repellent | Repellent | 1 | 2.5 | 0.68 | 0 | 0.0 | 0.00 | 1 | 3.3 | 0.82 | 0 | 0.0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.0 | 0.00 | 2 | 0.8 |
| Â | Â | ÎŁF | 148 | - | - | 64 | - | - | 122 | - | - | 99 | - | - | 70 | - | - | - | - |
Variation in fruits traits | Differentiation in fruits traits | Fruit size | 29 | 72.5 | 38.67 | 13 | 21.7 | 39.39 | 21 | 70.0 | 33.87 | 20 | 66.7 | 42.55 | 5 | 6.3 | 45.45 | 88 | 36.7 |
| Â | Â | Fruit shape | 1 | 2.5 | 1.33 | 1 | 1.7 | 3.03 | 1 | 3.3 | 1.61 | 0 | 0.0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.0 | 0.00 | 3 | 1.3 |
| Â | Â | Aril colour | 1 | 2.5 | 1.33 | 2 | 3.3 | 6.06 | 0 | 0.0 | 0.00 | 2 | 6.7 | 4.26 | 0 | 0.0 | 0.00 | 5 | 2.1 |
| Â | Â | Aril size | 1 | 2.5 | 1.33 | 1 | 1.7 | 3.03 | 1 | 3.3 | 1.61 | 0 | 0.0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.0 | 0.00 | 3 | 1.3 |
| Â | Â | Aril taste | 3 | 7.5 | 4.00 | 4 | 6.7 | 12.12 | 5 | 16.7 | 8.06 | 1 | 3.3 | 2.13 | 0 | 0.0 | 0.00 | 13 | 5.4 |
| Â | Â | Seed size | 12 | 30.0 | 16.00 | 1 | 1.7 | 3.03 | 12 | 40.0 | 19.35 | 5 | 16.7 | 10.64 | 1 | 1.3 | 9.09 | 31 | 12.9 |
| Â | Preference in fruits traits | Fruit size | 28 | 70.0 | 37.33 | 9 | 15.0 | 27.27 | 19 | 63.3 | 30.65 | 0 | 0.0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.0 | 0.00 | 56 | 23.3 |
| Â | Â | Fruit shape | 0 | 0.0 | 0.00 | 1 | 1.7 | 3.03 | 1 | 3.3 | 1.61 | 0 | 0.0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.0 | 0.00 | 2 | 0.8 |
| Â | Â | Aril colour | 0 | 0.0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.0 | 0.00 | 1 | 3.3 | 1.61 | 19 | 63.3 | 40.43 | 5 | 6.3 | 45.45 | 25 | 10.4 |
| Â | Â | Aril size | 0 | 0.0 | 0.00 | 1 | 1.7 | 3.03 | 1 | 3.3 | 1.61 | 0 | 0.0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.0 | 0.00 | 2 | 0.8 |
| Â | Â | Aril taste | 0 | 0.0 | 0.00 | 4 | 6.7 | 10.26 | 6 | 20.0 | 10.00 | 1 | 3.3 | 1.79 | 1 | 1.3 | 1.96 | 12 | 5.0 |
| Â | Â | ÎŁF | 75 | - | - | 33 | - | - | 62 | - | - | 47 | - | - | 11 | - | - | - | - |
Propagation and regeneration practices | Assisted tree regeneration | 18 | 45.0 | 24.00 | 2 | 3.3 | 5.13 | 17 | 56.7 | 28.33 | 19 | 63.3 | 33.93 | 5 | 6.3 | 9.80 | 61 | 25.4 | |
| Â | Â | Transplanting | 27 | 67.5 | 36.00 | 25 | 41.7 | 64.10 | 19 | 63.3 | 31.67 | 21 | 70.0 | 37.50 | 40 | 50.0 | 78.43 | 132 | 55.0 |
| Â | Â | Sowing | 30 | 75.0 | 40.00 | 5 | 8.3 | 12.82 | 16 | 53.3 | 26.67 | 15 | 50.0 | 26.79 | 5 | 6.3 | 9.80 | 71 | 29.6 |
| Â | Â | ÎŁF | 75 | - | - | 39 | - | - | 60 | - | - | 56 | - | - | 51 | - | - | Â | Â |
Management practices to improve production | Ringing | 0 | 0.0 | 0.00 | 3 | 5.0 | 7.69 | 2 | 6.7 | 3.33 | 0 | 0.0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.0 | 0.00 | 5 | 2.1 | |
| Â | Â | Grazing protection | 1 | 2.5 | 1.23 | 1 | 1.7 | 3.70 | 1 | 3.3 | 1.67 | 1 | 3.3 | 1.92 | 0 | 0.0 | 0.00 | 4 | 1.7 |
| Â | Â | Tree/crop association | 8 | 20.0 | 9.88 | 10 | 16.7 | 37.04 | 3 | 10.0 | 5.00 | 4 | 13.3 | 7.69 | 17 | 21.3 | 44.74 | 42 | 17.5 |
| Â | Â | Pruning | 25 | 62.5 | 30.86 | 4 | 6.7 | 14.81 | 20 | 66.7 | 33.33 | 22 | 73.3 | 42.31 | 1 | 1.3 | 2.63 | 72 | 30.0 |
| Â | Â | Fire protection | 27 | 67.5 | 33.33 | 12 | 20.0 | 44.44 | 22 | 73.3 | 36.67 | 16 | 53.3 | 30.77 | 20 | 25.0 | 52.63 | 97 | 40.4 |
| Â | Â | Mulching/ | 20 | 50.0 | 24.69 | 0 | 0.0 | 0.00 | 14 | 46.7 | 23.33 | 9 | 30.0 | 17.31 | 0 | 0.0 | 0.00 | 43 | 17.9 |
| Â | Â | ÎŁF | 81 | - | - | 27 | - | - | 60 | - | - | 52 | - | - | 38 | - | - | - | - |