Table 1 Traditional food and medicinal uses of wild plants and mushrooms in Mundimitar/Montemitro
Botanical taxon and family | Local name(s) in Mundimitar | English name | Part(s) used | Folk use(s) in Mundimitar | Frequency of citation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Allium sativum L. (Amaryllidaceae) (CULTIVATED) | Luk | Garlic | Flowering shoots | Boiled, then preserved in olive oil or vinegar; in tomato sauces | +++ |
Amaranthus retroflexus L. (Amaranthaceae) | Pjedruš | Amaranth | Leaves | Raw in salads, or boiled | +++ |
Apium nodiflorum (L.) Lag. (Apiaceae) | Kanijola | Fool's water-cress | Aerial parts | Raw in salads or between two slices of bread | +++ |
Armillaria mellea (Vahl) P. Kumm and related species (Marasmiaceae) | Rekkie mušil | Honey fungus | Fruiting body | Blanched, then fried | + |
Asparagus acutifolius L. (Asparagaceae) | Sparuga | Wild asparagus | Shoots | Boiled, then fried in omelets | +++ |
Beta vulgaris subsp. maritima (L.) Arcang. (Amaranthaceae) | Blitva | Wild beet | Leaves | Boiled, then fried | +++ |
Borago officinalis L. (Boraginaceae) | Bureina | Borage | Young leale | Boiled. | +++ |
Coated with bread crumbs, then deep fried | |||||
Bunias erucago L. (Brassicaceae) (?) | Rapanača | Crested warty cabbage | Whorls | Boiled and fried | + |
Calendula arvensis L. (Asteraceae) | Kalendula | Marigold | Flowers | In salads | + |
Cantharellus cibarius Fr. (Cantharellaceae) | Galuč | Chanterelle | Fruiting body | Blanched, then fried | + |
Centaurium erythraea Rafn. (Gentianaceae) | Džencjanela | Centaury | Aerial parts | Decoction as a panacea | + |
Cichorium intybus L. (Asteraceae) | Čikoria | Wild cichory | Whorls | Boiled, then fried in olive oil with garlic | ++ |
Clavaria sp. (Clavariaceae) | Picele | Coral fungus | Fruiting body | Boiled, then fried | + |
Clematis vitalba L. (Ranunculaceae) | Škrabut | Traveller’s joy | Shoots | Boiled, then fried or in sauces; digestive aid | +++ |
Stems are directly applied on the tooth to treat toothache | |||||
Cornus mas L. (Cornaceae) | Kurnja | Cornel cherry tree | Fruits (Kurnjal) | Consumed raw, or dried/smoked; liqueurs | +++ |
Crataegus. monogyna Jacq. and C. oxyacantha L. (Rosaceae) | Glog | Hawthorn | Fruits (Glogbili) | Consumed raw as snack. | +++ |
The thorny stems were used to insert into figs for drying. | |||||
Cydonia oblonga Mill. (Rosaceae) | Kutunja | Quince | Fruits | Boiled with wine, for treating sore throats. | +++ |
Jam. | |||||
Cynara cardunculus L. (Asteraceae) | Ošnak | Wild artichocke or wild cardoon | Stems | Boiled, then fried with eggs | +++ |
Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. (Poaceae) | Gramača | Bermuda grass | Whole plant | Decoction as a diuretic | ++ |
Diplotaxis erucoides (L.) DC. (Brassicaceae) | Marijun | White wall-rocket | Leaves | Raw in salads, more often fried in the pan | +++ |
Ecballium elaterium (L.) A. Rich. (Cucurbitaceae) | Tikvica divlja | Squirting cucumber | Fruit juice | Instilled in the nose for treating malaria or spread on women breast for weaning babies | ++ |
Eruca sativa Miller (Brassicaceae) | Rucola | Rocket | Leaves | Raw in salads | +++ |
Eryngium campestre L. (Apiaceae) (?) | Sikavac | Field eryngo | Leaves | Decoction for treating eye inflammations | + |
Ficus carica L. (Moraceae) | Smokva | Fig tree | Pseudofruits | Eaten fresh or dried | +++ |
Foeniculum vulgare Mill. subsp. piperitum (Ucria) Cout. (Apiaceae) | Finoč | Wild fennel | Fruits | Seasoning for home-made sausages; decoctions as diuretic or for treating gastric reflux | +++ |
Glycyrrhiza glabra L. (Fabaceae) | Gurgulica | Licorice | Root | Consumed raw as snack. | +++ |
The aerial parts used as insect repellent. | |||||
Humulus lupulus L. (Cannabaceae) | Lupare | Wild hop | Shoots | Boiled, then fried in omelet | ++ |
Hydnum repandum L.: Fr. (Hydnaceae) | Lengaove | Wood hedgehog | Fruiting body | Blanched, then fried | ++ |
Lupinus albus L. spp. (Fabaceae) (CULTIVATED) | Lupino | Lupin | Flower shoots Aerial parts | Boiled, then fried. | + |
The decoction of the whole aerial parts is used in external washes for treating pig erysipelas | |||||
Malva sylvestris L. (Malvaceae) | Slis | Mallow | Leaves and flowers | Decoction for treating digestive troubles, bronchitis, or as a laxative for children | +++ |
Matricaria chamomilla L. (Asteraceae) | Kamomilla | Chamomile | Flowering tops or stems | Decoction, as a mild tranquillizer | ++ |
Mercurialis annua L. (Euphorbiaceae) | Merkulela | Mercurya | Leaves | Boiled in soups (mixed with other herbs), or in purgative decoctions | ++ |
Olea europaea L. var. sylvestris Brot. (Oleaceae) | Maslina | Wild olive tree | Branches | Used for drying figs | ++ |
Origanum vulgare L. (Lamiaceae) | Pljei | Wild oregano | Flowering tops | Seasoning | +++ |
Papaver rhoeas L. (Papaveraceae) | Mak | Corn poppy | Young aerial parts | Raw in salads, or cooked | +++ |
Parietaria judaica L. (Urticaceae) | Kolana | Pellitory | Aerial parts | Decoction in external use for treating hemorrhoids (affected parts exposed to vapors). | ++ |
Necklaces for children | |||||
Picris echioides L. and P. hieracioides L. (Asteraceae) | Tustača | Oxtongue | Whorls and shoots | Shoots eaten raw as snack. | ++ |
Whorls boiled and fried. | |||||
Portulaca oleracea L. (Portulacaceae) | Prkatj | Purslane | Aerial parts | Raw in salads | ++ |
Prunus spinosa L. (Rosaceae) | Ndrnjela | Sloe | Fruits | Gathered an consumed after the frost; liqueurs | ++ |
Punica granatum L. (Punicaceae) | Šipak | Pomegranate | Fruits | Consumed raw in winter | ++ |
Pyrus pyraster Burgsd. (Rosaceae) | Trnovača | Wild pear tree | Fruits | Gathered and consumed after the frost | ++ |
Quercus virgiliana (Ten.) Ten. (Fagaceae) (?) | Sladul | Oak | Kernel | Consumed raw | + |
Rosa canina L. (Rosaceae) | Skorčavata | Dog rose | Pseudofruits | Decoction for treating sore throat (sometimes together wild dried figs, apple slices, and barley) | +++ |
Ruscus aculeatus L. (Asparagaceae) | Leprencia | Butcher’s Broom | Shoots | Boiled, then fried. | ++ |
Dried branches were used to clean the fireplace | |||||
Ruta graveolens L. (Rutaceae) | Ruta | Rue | Aerial parts | Aromatizing grappa. | +++ |
Kept under the pillow for treating worms in children. | |||||
A few leaves eaten raw by pregnant women to prevent miscarriage (in the past) | |||||
Salvia verbenaca L. (Lamiaceae) | Prsenica | Meadow sage | Leaves | Applied externally with pork fat as a suppurative or for treating insect stings | + |
Sambucus nigra L. (Caprifoliaceae) | Baz | Elderbery tree | Aerial parts and fruits | Decoction, then in external washes for treating erysipelas in pigs. | +++ |
Fruits juice used as ink in the past. | |||||
Sinapis alba L and S. arvensis L. (Brassicaceae) | Sinapa | Wild mustard | Young aerial parts | Raw in salads, more often cooked in the pan | ++ |
Sonchus arvensis L. and S. oleraceus L. (Asteraceae) | Kostriš/ Kašgn | Sow thistle | Young aerial parts | Boiled, then fried in the pan or cooked in tomato sauce | +++ |
Sorbus domestica L. (Rosaceae) | Oskoruša | Service tree | Fruits | Consumed after natural fermentation | ++ |
Stellaria media (L.) Vill. (Caryophyllaceae) | Mišakina | Chickweed | Aerial parts | Fodder for hens | ++ |
Tamus communis L. (Dioscoreaceae) | Gljuštre | Black bryony | Shoots | Boiled, then fried in the pan with eggs or tomato sauce (sometimes served on noodles) | +++ |
Teucrium chamaedrys L. (Lamiaceae) | Kametr | Wall germander | Aerial parts | Decoction for treating malaria (in the past) and hypertension | ++ |
Umbilicus rupestris (Salisb.) Dandy (Crassulaceae) | Kopič | Navelwort | Leaves | Crushed and mixed with pork fat and soot for treating furuncles | ++ |
Urtica dioica L (Urticaceae) | Kopriva | Nettle | Leaves and shoots | Boiled, then mixed with ricotta cheese, in filled pasta. | +++ |
Decoction in external washes for strengthening the hair | |||||
Ziziphus jujuba Miller (Rhamnaceae) | Džurdžula | Jujube | Fruits | Eaten after natural fermentation | + |