Table 1 Ethnomycological studies with gendered data
From: Women care about local knowledge, experiences from ethnomycology
Ref | Place | Results |
|---|---|---|
16 | Chiapas, Mex | Men collect in forests while women collect closest to their houses. |
27 | Hungary | Most mushroom vendors in markets are women. |
34 | Ozumba, Mex | Women are the main mushroom collectors and vendors. Mothers teach children to distinguish the mushrooms in “good ones” and “bad ones”. |
36 | South Cameroon | Men collect in forests while women collect closest to their houses. Mothers encourage children to foray for mushrooms. Mushrooms allow women to become economically independent, acquire essentials goods, and complement their diet. |
38 | Southeastern Poland | Men are slightly more involved in mushroom gathering than women. Sex differences in knowledge transmission are slight. |
39 | Southeast Asia | In most cases the women do more gathering of mushrooms than men. |
40 | Eastern Indonesia | Women are the main mushroom collectors. Men and women have a comparable TMK. |
41 | Burkina Faso | Women are the main mushroom collectors and vendors. Women have a more profound TMK than men. |
42 | Guyana | Women are the main mushroom collectors engaging in premeditated mushrooming; meanwhile men are only ‘opportunistic’ collectors during hunting trips. Women have a more profound TMK than men. |
43 | Bahrain | Women are the main mushroom collectors and vendors. They play an almost exclusive role in developing the techniques for the consumption or storage of useful mushrooms. Mushrooms allow women to gain money, become economically independent, acquire essentials goods, and complement their diet. |
44 | Toluca, Mex | Women are the main mushroom collectors and vendors. Women often manage the income resulting from mushroom sale. Mothers teach children to distinguish the mushrooms in “good ones” and “bad ones”. |
45 | Nigeria | Women are the main mushroom collectors. |
46 | Upper-Shaba, Zaire | Women are the main mushroom collectors. |
47 | Chiapas, Mex | Women are the main mushroom collectors. Men and women have a comparable TMK. Mothers teach children to distinguish the good and the bad mushrooms. |
48 | Australia | Women are the main mushroom collectors. |
49 | Nexapa, Mex | Women are the main mushroom collectors. |
50 | Colombia | Women are the main mushroom collectors. |
51 | Eastern Europe | Women are the main mushroom collectors and vendors. |
52 | Geneva, Italy | Collecting is an exclusive masculine activity. |
53 | Chiapas, Mex | Men collect in forests while women collect those mushrooms closest to their houses. |
54 | Chihuahua, Mex | Men and women have a comparable TMK. Women play an almost exclusive role in developing the techniques for the consumption or storage of useful mushrooms. |
55 | Boyaca, Colombia | Men and women have a comparable TMK. |
58 | Benin | Men are more knowledgeable than women. |
59 | Tlaxcala, Mex | Women’s mushrooming routes are more energy-efficient, allowing them to gather the same amount and a greater variety of wild mushrooms in smaller and more accessible areas of the forest. Most mushroom vendors in markets are women. |
60 | Tlaxcala, Mex | Most mushroom vendors in markets are women. Mothers encourage children to foray for mushrooms. |
61 | Hidalgo, Mex | Men target some of the most desirable species. |
62 | Anatolia, Turkey | Women tend to collect in groups reinforcing social networks, in contrast to men who are solitary collectors. |
63 | Oaxaca, Mex | Descriptions of rituals indicate that the collectors usually are young virgin women or shamans of indistinct gender. |
64 | Puebla, Mex | Women play an almost exclusive role in developing and refining the techniques for the consumption or storage of useful mushrooms. |
65 | Mex tropics | Men guide customers to foraging for hallucinogenic species. |
69 | Hidalgo, Mex | Most mushroom vendors in markets are women. |
70, 72 | Sierra Nevada, Mex | Most mushroom vendors in markets are women. Mushrooms are more important for poor women’s subsistence than for men’s. |
71 | Poland | Mushrooms are more important for poor women’s subsistence than for men’s. |
73 | Oaxaca, Mex | Most mushroom vendors in markets are women. |
74 | Veracruz, Mex | Most mushroom vendors in markets are women. |
75 | Tlaxcala, Mex | Most mushroom vendors in markets are women. |
80 | Burundi | Women claim rights on portions of land where edible Termitomyces fungi fruit. |