Table 1 Medicinally Utilized Plants in the Eastern Highlands of Papua New Guinea
From: An ethnobotanical survey of medicinal plants used in the eastern highlands of Papua New Guinea
| Genus and species [References] | Voucher number | Family | Local name [Dialect : Village] | Disease | Plant part | Medicinal preparation | Route |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Abrus sp. [9, 11] | WL065 | Leguminosae | Amanani-Aginogo [U : A] | GIT / Swelling [Magic] | L | Concoction | O |
| Adenostemma sp. [13, 14]*, [15]* | SK057 | Asteraceae | Hovepa [B : S] | Swollen skin & skin infection | L, F & vines | Sun drying | E |
| Ageratum conyzoides L. [8, 9, 11, 13, 14, 16]*, [15]* | SK013 | Asteraceae | Govu suva [S : O] | Diarrhea | L & F | F / Succus | O |
| Alpinia sp. [8, 9, 11, 13, 14, 16]*, [17] | WL052 | Zingiberaceae | Amo-o [Ki : A] | GIT / Swelling [Magic] | Stem | Concoction | O |
| Alpinia sp. [8, 9, 11, 13, 14, 16]*, [17] | SK056 | Zingiberaceae | Sinogepuna [B : S] | Swollen joints | L | Chopped leaves are cooked together with pig meat | O |
| Alpinia sp. [8, 9, 11, 13, 14, 16]*, [17] | SK030 | Zingiberaceae | Gini giye [S : O] | Flatulence | yf L | Cut into pieces & cooked with pig meat in bamboo | O |
| Alpinia sp. [8, 9, 11, 13, 14, 16]*, [17] | RJ006 | Zingiberaceae | Koikadene [I : J] | Ovulation / Fertility | Fruit/Seeds | Fresh | O |
| Alpinia sp. [8, 9, 11, 13, 14, 16]*, [17] | SK020 | Zingiberaceae | Gavu [S : O] | Sever fever | yf L & shoot | Cut into pieces & cooked with pig meat in bamboo | O |
| Alstonia brassii Monach. [8–11, 13, 16, 18] | SK064 | Apocynaceae | Gigipe [B : S] | Skin infection | Sap (Milkywhite) | Fresh / Succus | E |
| Alstonia scholaris (L.) R.Br. [8–11, 13, 16, 18] | RJ011 | Apocynaceae | Yaknalae's Ita [I : M-B] | Malaria | L, B | Fresh / dry | O |
| Alstonia sp. [8–11, 13, 14, 16]*, [15, 18, 19]* | SK046 | Apocynaceae | Hihipa [B : S] | To gain strenght during warfare | L & B | Cut into small pieces & cooked with pig meat in bamboo | O |
| Alyxia sp. [14]*, [18] | RJ034a | Apocynaceae | Kevitingoje [I : J] | Dyspnea | soft L | Fresh | O |
| Aristolochia indica L. [20] | RJ001 | Meliaceae | Yaki'Itchale [I : J] | Malaria, Abortion, uterine inflammation | L, B | Fresh, Decoction | O |
| Ascarina philippinensis C.B.Rob. [21]*, [14]* | RJ036 | Chloranthaceae | Nebotniari [I : J] | High fever | L, fruit | Fresh | O |
| Ascarina philippinensis C.B.Rob. [21]*, [14]* | WL021 | Chloranthaceae | Pawasa [F : Y] | GIT / Swelling [Magic] | L | Concoction | O |
| Aspium sp. | WL034 | Unidentified | Waise [F : Y / E] | Diarrhea / abdominal pain / Cachexia | L | Concoction | O |
| Bacopa sp. | SK033 | Scrophulariaceae | Momoto [G : U] | For gaining weight | L, F & Stem | Cut into pieces & cooked with pig meat in bamboo | O |
| Barringtonia sp. [8, 9, 13, 15–17]* | SK054 | Barringtoniaceae | Lahapa [B : S] | Stomach ache | L & sap | Sap & chopped leaves are mixed together and cooked with pig meat in bamboo | O |
| Begonia rex Putz. | RJ012 | Begoniaceae | Woyatchale [I : J] | Sores / Boils (esp. on neck) | L, Stem | Fresh or dried | O |
| Begonia sp. [9, 10, 21]*, [13, 14]*, [15, 20, 22–24]* | WL031 | Begoniaceae | Awaya [F : Y] | Excessive menstrual bleeding | L | Concoction | O |
| Begonia sp. [9, 10, 21]*, [13, 14]*, [15, 22–24]* | RJ002 | Begoniaceae | Saiguwong'giye [I : J] | Strong cough / general good health | L / or A | Fresh | O |
| Bidens pilosa L. [9, 11, 13, 15, 16, 19, 24]* | WL045 | Asteraceae | Kamena [K : E] | Sores & Wounds | L | Heated / Succus | E |
| Bidens pilosa L. [9, 11, 13, 15, 16, 19, 21, 24]* | RJ013 | Asteraceae | Toiporeyie [I : J] | Cuts/Wounds/Scratches (Hemostatis) | L & shoot | Succus (crushed) | E |
| Blumea sp. [9, 10, 13, 14, 21] | WL020 | Asteraceae | Aleu [F : Y] | Weight decrease due to abdominal problems / nausea | L | Concoction | O |
| Boerlagiodendron eminens (W. Bull) Merr.*** | SK050 | Araliaceae | Sofa [B : S] | Control sexual desire of men | L | Leaves cut into pieces and cooked with pig meat in bamboo | O |
| Bubbia sp. | RJ021 | Winteraceae | Pangwe [I : J] | Aches and pains, cough, arthritis, dyspnea | L, B | Decoction | O |
| Calycacanthus magnusianus K. Schum | RJ029 | Acanthaceae | Ikowote/Wusale [I : W / AD] | Sores (all types) | L | Fresh (Mascerated) | E |
| Castanopsis acuminatissima (Blume) Rehder [10, 21]*, [14]* | SK009 | Fagaceae | Nege [S : G] | Otitis media | B | F /Succus (Scraped and juice extracted) | E |
| Casuarina oligodon L.A.S. Johnson [21]*, [14]*, [25] | WL062 | Casuarinaceae | Alaeva / Karavefa [Ki / K : A] | GIT / Swelling [Magic] | B | Concoction | O |
| Chionanthus ramiflorus Roxb. | SK045 | Oleaceae | Hagavi [B : S] | Malnutrition/Growth retardation | L & B | Scrapped bark & chopped leaves are cooked in bamboo with pig meat | O |
| Chrysanthemum sp. | SK015 | Asteraceae | Seveya [S : O] | Boil | F | F /Succus | E |
| Cinnamomum sp. [9, 10, 21]*, [13, 14]*, [15, 20, 22–24]* | WL007 | Lauraceae | Yaravu [F : U] | Weakness / nausea / vomiting | B | Concoction | O |
| Cinnamomum sp. [9, 10, 21]*, [13, 14]*, [15, 20, 22–24]* | SK036 | Lauraceae | Yahoma [B : S] | Poison within body system | L & B | Scraped B is added to chopped L & pig meat and cooked in bamboo | O |
| Cladonia scabriuscula (Delise) Leight | WL075 | Cladoniaceae | Lanefa-Kikinofa [K : A] | Vaginal discharge / bleeding | A | Heated | O |
| Coleus blumei Benth. [9, 11] | SK043 | Lamiaceae | Mufler [B : S] | Induce labour in childbirth | L | Cut into pieces and cooked with other leaves & pig meat in bamboo | O |
| Coleus scutellarioides (L.) Benth. [9, 21]*, [13, 15]* | RJ007 | Lamiaceae | Wuririta [I : J] | Strong productive cough | f soft L | Heated and Fresh | O |
| Commelina sp. [8, 9, 11, 14]*, [15]* | WL042 | Commelinaceae | Hitirifa [K : E] | Headache [Analgesic] | A | Fresh | O |
| Commersonia bartramiana (L.) Merr. [8, 21]* | WL001 | Sterculiaceae | Kalaifa [K : E] | Emetic | B | Concoction | O |
| Coprosma sp. [14]* | WL066 | Rubiaceae | Loanoya [Ki : A] | GIT / Swelling [Magic] | L | Concoction | O |
| Cordyline fruticosa (Linnaeus) A. Chevalier [8, 13, 14, 16]*, [15] | SK019 | Agavaceae | Gini fono [S : O] | Anemia & Dizziness | yL | Cut into pieces & cooked with pig meat in bamboo | O |
| Cordyline terminalis (L.) Kunth [9–11] | RJ044 | Agavaceae | Alebiyei [I : KA] | Magical | soft un-sprouted shoot / L | Concoction | O |
| Cosmos sp. | SK001 | Asteraceae | Seho gihi [G : N] | Toothache | F | Decoction | O (Rinse) |
| Crassocephalum crepidioides (Benth.) S. Moore [9, 21]*, [14, 15]* | RJ037 | Asteraceae | Matchope [I : J] | Wounds and cuts (hemostasis) | L | Succus (crushed) | E |
| Crassocephalum crepidioides (Benth.) S. Moore [9, 21]*, [14]*, [15]* | SK004 | Asteraceae | Okore gihi [G : N] | Fresh cuts | yL, F & Stem | F / Succus (All are squeezed together) | E |
| Crassocephalum crepidioides (Benth.) S. Moore [9, 21]*, [14]*, [15]* | WL046 | Asteraceae | Ino-Kamena-e [K : E] | Sores & Wounds | L | Heated / Succus | E |
| Crotalaria retusa L. [9, 13] | SK071 | Leguminosae | Orupa flawa [G : G] | Chicken-pox | F | Fresh / Succus | E |
| Curculigo orchioides Gaertn. [9] | SK005 | Hypoxidaceae | Orupa napa [G: N] | Growth retarded children | Tubers | Maceration, then liquid is used to cook greens & meat in bamboo | O |
| Cyrtandra sp. [21]*, [13, 14]*, [15]* | SK060 | Gesneriaceae | Minise [B : S] | Malnutrition | L & Stem | Cut into pieces and cooked with pig meat in bamboo | O |
| Cyrtandra sp. [21]*, [13, 14]*, [15]* | WL032 | Gesneriaceae | Asaswa [F : Y] | Weight decrease due to abdominal problems / nausea | L | Concoction | O |
| Cyrtandra sp. [13, 21]*, [14]*, [15]* | RJ015 | Gesneriaceae | Kodatchale [I : J] | Emetic and strong cough (expectorant) | L | Fresh | O |
| Decaspermum bracteatum (Roxb.) A.J.Scott | SK047 | Myrtaceae | Sosome [B : S] | Back & joint pain, headache & toothache | L & B | Cut into pieces and cooked with pig meat in bamboo | O |
| Dendrobium sp. [9, 21]*, [13, 14]* | SK029 | Orchidaceae | Fonomuna [S : O] | Severe headache & dizziness | L & stem | Cut into pieces & cooked with pig meat | O |
| Dendrobium sp. [9, 21]*, [13, 14]* | WL048 | Orchidaceae | Kinua [K : E] | Backache [Analgesic] | A | Fresh | O |
| Dendrocnide interrupta (L.) Chew | WL035 | Urticaceae | Fai [K : U] | Muscle / joint pains / headache | L | Fresh | E |
| Dendrocnide sp. [13] | RJ048 | Urticaceae | Iwole [I : J] | Productive cough | soft L | Concoction | O |
| Desmodium sp. [8, 9, 11, 13, 14, 16]*, [22, 26] | SK021 | Leguminosae | Suwaroka ginona [S : O] | Malnutrition | L, F & Stem | Cooked with meat in bamboo | O |
| Dianella ensifolia (L.) DC. [14]*, [15]* | SK066 | Liliaceae | Mamuha [B : S] | Irritating cough & throat mucus | L & Tubers | Infusion | O |
| Diospyros sp. [13] | WL010 | Ebenaceae | Kigi Yosita-e [F : Y] | Shortness of breath w/ abdominal discomfort and bodyswelling | B | Concoction | O |
| Diospyros sp. [13] | WL037 | Ebenaceae | HamaitoYosa [K : E] | Significant weight loss | L & B | Concoction | O |
| Dodonaea viscosa Jacq. [11, 21]*, [14, 16]*, [27] | WL044 | Sapindaceae | Karu [K : E] | Bone Fractures / Painful joints | L | Heated | E |
| Drymaria cordata (L.) [9, 14]*, [15] | RJ042 | Caryophyllaceae | Motdeikedike [I : J] | Tooth ache | A | Decoction | O |
| Elaeagnus sp. [21]* | WL009 | Elaeagnaceae | Tunakafe yosita-e [U : Y] | GIT / Swelling [Magic] | L | Dried | O |
| Elaeocarpus sp. [9, 10, 13, 14, 21]*, [15, 17]* | WL051 | Elaeocarpaceae | Ukari [K : A] | GIT / Swelling [Magic] | B | Concoction | O |
| Eleutheranthera sp. [28] | WL056 | Asteraceae | Lemu [Ki : A] | Pains [general analgesic] | R | Concoction | O |
| Emilia prenanthoidea DC. [10, 13, 14]*, [9, 21] | SK022 | Asteraceae | Gambiri govu [S : O] | Rumbling stomach | L | Cut into pieces & cooked with pig meat in bamboo | O |
| Erigeron sumatrensis Retz.[14, 21]* | WL013 | Asteraceae | Kisekise / Okiopa [K : U] | GIT / Swelling [Magic] | B | Concoction | O |
| Euphorbia hirta L. [9, 15, 16] | SK032 | Euphorbiaceae | Saha gihi [G : U] | Dysentery | L, F & Stem | F / Succus | O |
| Eurya sp. [21]*, [14]* | WL070 | Theaceae | Iyaleya [Ki : A] | Headache, fatigue, GI discomfort, muscle aches and arthralgia | L | Concoction | O |
| Eustrephus latifolius R. Br. | SK075 | Philesiaceae | Haya sono [G : G] | Anti-helminthics | L | Fresh / Succus | O |
| Ficus benjamina L. [29] | SK052 | Moraceae | Makeyafa [B : S] | Joint & back pain | L & B | Scraped bark & chopped leaves are cooked with pig meat in bamboo | O |
| Ficus copiosa Steud. [8, 9, 21]*, [14, 16]* | WL047 | Moraceae | Atai-Yosita [K : E] | Chest Pains, labored breathing | L & B | Concoction | O |
| Ficus pumila L. [8–11, 13, 14, 16]*, [19, 22] | WL025 | Moraceae | Kasakonde [F : Y] | Malaise, fever, shaking, vomiting [sometimes] | L | Concoction | O |
| Ficus pungens Reinw. ex BL. [9, 10, 13, 14, 16]* | SK073 | Moraceae | Gegeha [G : U] | Shivering hands & feet | L & Fruit | Chopped leaves & smashed fruits are cooked together with pig meat in bamboo | O |
| Ficus pungens Reinw. ex Blume [9, 10, 13, 14, 16]* | RJ017 | Moraceae | Ayeye [I : W] | Oral trush | soft f L | Succus (crushed) | O |
| Ficus sp. [8–11, 13, 14, 16, 21]*, [19, 22] | WL015 | Moraceae | Higifa [K : Y] | GIT / Swelling [Magic] | L | Concoction | O |
| Ficus sp. [8–11, 13, 14, 16, 21]*, [19, 22] | WL038 | Moraceae | Yagarueta [K : E] | Malaise, fever, shaking, vomiting [sometimes] | L | Concoction | O |
| Finschia sp. | SK037 | Proteaceae | Yakof [B : S] | Abdominal swelling | L | Cut into pieces & cooked with pig meat | O |
| Gardenia sp. [14]*, [21]* | SK007 | Rubiaceae | Amanini [G : N] | Faintness / Epilepsy | L | Chopped into pieces & cooked with meat in bamboo | O |
| Glochidion sp. [14]*, [15]* | SK024 | Euphorbiaceae | Poroqui [S : O] | Frequent dizziness | yf L | Cut into pieces & cooked with pig meat in bamboo | O |
| Gordonia papuana Kobuski [21]*, [14]* | WL069 | Theaceae | Oasiri / Kogaisiri [Ki / K : A] | GIT / Swelling [Magic] | B | Concoction | O |
| Graptophyllum pictum (L.) Griffith [8, 21]*, [14]*, [22] | WL017 | Acanthaceae | Otoro [U : Y] | Excessive menstrual bleeding | L | Concoction | O |
| Grevillea papuana Diels [10, 13, 21] | SK072 | Proteaceae | Mumusopa yaha [G : G] | F cuts & Ulcer sores | L | Poultice | E |
| Hemigraphis sp. [8–10, 21]*, [13, 14]*, [20] | WL074 | Acanthaceae | NamKatoga [K : NI (E)] | GIT / Swelling [Magic] | L | Concoction | O |
| Hemigraphis sp. [8–10, 21]*, [13, 14]*, [20] | RJ041 | Acanthaceae | Bukmeye/Murie [I : KA] | Magical | L | Concoction | O |
| Hyptis sp. [9, 11, 13, 23] | SK017 | Labiatae | Seve moiba [S : O] | Spear wounds | L | F / Succus | E |
| Hyptis sp. [9, 11, 13, 23] | SK018 | Labiatae | Gekesagu [B : S] | Otitis media | Soft stem & Stem skin | F / Succus | E |
| Impatiens hawkeri W.Bull [10, 21]*, [14]* | RJ043 | Balsaminaceae | Meyebui [I : KA] | Magical | L | Concoction | O |
| Impatiens hawkeri W.Bull [10, 21]*, [14]* | RJ045 | Balsaminaceae | Kolumbota [I : KA] | Magical | L | Concoction | O |
| Kibara katikii Philipson | SK025 | Monimiaceae | Suwa nara [S : O] | Epilepsy | L | Cut into pieces & cooked with pig meat in bamboo | O |
| Laportea decumana (Roxb.) Wedd. [9, 10, 21]*, [13, 16, 19, 22, 24, 26, 30] | RJ009 | Urticaceae | Nabotne (green) [I : J] | Liver pain | soft L | Heated and Fresh | O |
| Laportea decumana (Roxb.) Wedd. [9, 10, 21]*, [13, 16, 19, 22, 24, 26, 30] | RJ018 | Urticaceae | Nabotne (Pink) [I : J] | Joint pain (analgesic); magical | L | Fresh | O |
| Laportea sp. [9, 10, 21]*, [13, 14, 16, 19, 22, 24, 26, 30] | RJ004 | Urticaceae | Keletichale [I : J] | Liver pain (Epigatric pain) | f soft L | Fresh | O |
| Leucosyke capitellata (Poir.) Wedd. [8] | SK063 | Urticaceae | Hagaza [B : S] | Skin itchiness | L & stem | Fresh / Succus | O & E |
| Litsea exsudens Kosterm. [14]* | SK048 | Lauraceae | Sagifa [B : S] | Cleanes bodysystem | L & B | Leaves & barks are cut into pieces and cooked with pig meat in bamboo | O |
| Ludwigia hyssopifolia (G. Don) exell apud A.R. Fernandes [21]* | WL040 | Onagraceae | Lawolawosa [K : E] | Blood in urine, yellow tongue, headache with high fever, aching joints [all ocurring together] | A | Concoction | O |
| Ludwigia octovalvis (Jacq.) Raven [14]* | SK069 | Onagraceae | Goluwaiyo [G : G] | Ulcer sores | Fruit & seeds | Fresh / Succus | E |
| Maclura sp. | RJ020 | Moraceae | Iveriate [I : J] | Malaria | soft L | Fresh | O |
| Medinilla sp. | SK028 | Melastomataceae | Lunu aira [S : O] | Anemia | L | Cut into pieces & cooked with pig meat | O |
| Melastoma malabathricum L. [14]* | WL014 | Melastomataceae | Tawakaya [F : U] | GIT / Swelling [Magic] | L & B | Concoction | O |
| Melastoma sp. [8, 9, 11, 13, 14]* | WL006 | Melastomataceae | Kora Yosa / Au Yosaita [F / K : Y] | Heart Problems | L | Concoction | O |
| Mucuna stanleyi C.T.White [8, 9, 13] | RJ014 | Leguminosae | Kang'ole [I : J] | Contraception | soft L | Succus (crushed) | O |
| Murraya paniculata (L.) Jack [28] | SK068 | Rutaceae | Onupa yaha [G : N] | Mentallydisturbed | L | Leaves are cut into pieces and cooked with meat in bamboo | O |
| Murraya sp. [28] | SK031 | Rutaceae | Nuva yaha [G : G] | Nasal congestion | L | Steaming | I |
| Musa sp. [8, 9, 11, 13, 14, 16, 21]*, [23, 24, 30] | WL053 | Musaceae | Abu [Ki : K] | GIT / Swelling [Magic] | Stem | Concoction | O |
| Myrmecodia sp. [8, 21]*, [13] | RJ046 | Rubiaceae | Kleklina [I : KA] | Magical | soft L | Concoction / Fresh | O |
| Ophiorrhiza nervosa RidL. [14]* | SK049 | Rubiaceae | Atu [B : S] | Poison within body system | L | Cooked with pig meat in bamboo | O |
| Ophiorrhiza sp. [14, 21]* | WL011 | Rubiaceae | Temu / Afela Hefi [F / K : Y] | Epigastric pain, nausea, vometing, abdominal swelling [Stomach cancer] | L & soft stem | Concoction | O |
| Orania sp. | WL072 | Arecaceae | Vayave [K : AN (E)] | Difficult breathing, cough and wheezing | B | Concoction | O |
| Oxalis corniculata L. [9, 14, 16]*, [19] | SK041 | Oxalidaceae | Sokolo [B : S] | Dysmenorrhoea | L, F & Stem | Cut into pieces & cooked with pig meat in bamboo | O |
| Oxalis corniculata L. [9, 14, 16]*, [19] | SK035 | Oxalidaceae | Gehani gihi [G : M] | Labour pain | L, F & Stem | F / Succus | O |
| Pandanus sp. [9, 13, 14, 16, 21]*, [22] | RJ047 | Pandanaceae | Awangwe [I : J] | Asthma | soft L | Succus (squeezed) | O |
| Phyllanthus niruri L. [9, 11, 13, 16] | SK070 | Euphorbiaceae | Saha gihi [G : G] | Stings from insects/bees | L & F | Fresh / Succus | E |
| Piper aduncum L. [29] | WL043 | Piperaceae | Kamani-Lucefa [K : E] | Bone Fractures | L | Heated | E |
| Piper betle L. [9, 10, 16] | SK061 | Piperaceae | Yagerere [B : S] | Malnutrition | L | Chopped and cooked together with pig meat | O |
| Piper gibbilimbum C.DC. [14]*, [31, 32] | RJ038 | Piperaceae | Kutmunne [I : J] | Improves platability of other TrM | L | Wrapper | O |
| Piper sp. [8–10, 21]*, [13, 14, 16]*, [17, 18, 22] | RJ039 | Piperaceae | Mudutganan'ne [I : KA] | Magical | soft L | Concoction | O |
| Piper sp. [8–10, 21]*, [13, 14, 16]*, [17, 18, 22] | SK026 | Piperaceae | Gegiya [G : U] | Toothache | yf L | Succus | E |
| Pipturus argenteus (G.Forst.) Wedd. [9, 10, 13, 16, 18, 26] | SK067 | Urticaceae | Ase yaha [G : N] | Remove worms | L | Chopped leaves are cooked together with pig meat | O |
| Pittosporum sinuatum BL. [14]* | WL058 | Pittosporaceae | Ilawau-u [Ki : A] | GIT / Swelling [Magic] | L | Concoction | O |
| Pittosporum sp. [9, 21]*[13, 14, 16]* | RJ027 | Pittosporaceae | Wununghe [I : W | Scabies, ulcerative sores | A | Decoction | O |
| Planchonella sp. [14]* | RJ024 | Sapotaceae | Ik'klake [I : J] | Abdominal swelling / Magical | Seed, L, B | Decoction (bark) / fresh | O |
| Plantago major L. [21]* | SK044 | Plantaginaceae | Getuya [B : S] | Diarrhea | Whole | Either cooked separately or with pig meat in a bamboo | O |
| Plantago major L. [21]* | SK034 | Plantaginaceae | Masiga gihi [G : U] | Deep wound (pig/dog bite, axe/knife wound) | L & stem | F / Succus | E |
| Plectranthus scutellarioides R. Br. [3, 13, 14, 16, 18] | SK040 | Lamiaceae | Salita [B : S] | Dysentery | L | Cut into pieces & cooked with pig meat in bamboo | O |
| Podocarpus neriifolius Don. [9, 27] | WL054 | Podocarpaceae | Laso [Ki / K : A] | GIT / Swelling [Magic] | B | Concoction | O |
| Poikilospermum sp. [8, 14]* | SK058 | Urticaceae | Sikrutafa [B : S] | To gain weight/become fat | L & vine | Chopped leaves & scraped vines are cooked together with pig meat | O |
| Polygala paniculata L., [21]*, [13], [14]* | SK016 | Polygalaceae | Nuva gihi [G : O] | Malaria & High Fever | L & F | Cooked with meat in bamboo | O |
| Polygonum strigosum R. Br. [14] | RJ022 | Polygonaceae | Tungole [I : J] | Labor pain (analgesic) | soft L | Fresh | O |
| Polyscias filicifolia (C.Moore ex E.Fourn.) L.H.Bailey | RJ005 | Araliaceae | Iriduki'Imetchale [I : J] | Malaria | L | Fresh | O |
| Psidium guajava L. [8, 9, 13, 16] | SK002 | Myrtaceae | Gusigusi [G : N] | Diarrhea | L | Fresh / Succus | O |
| Psoralea sp. | SK003 | Leguminosae | Gulumeha [G : G] | White mouth sores / Candida like | L, F & Stem | F / Succus (All at once) | O (Chewed) |
| Psychotria sp. [9, 11, 21]*, [13, 14]* | WL033 | Rubiaceae | Katoya [F : Y] | GIT / Swelling [Magic] | L | Concoction | O |
| Rubus moluccanus L. [9, 14, 16, 21]* | WL023 | Rosaceae | Uruturu [F : Y] | Fevers | L | Concoction | O |
| Rungia klossii S.Moore [11, 21]*, [14, 30]* | WL004 | Acanthaceae | Hefi [K : U] | none | Herb | Major additive to Wl001- > 003 | O |
| Saccharum sp. [9, 11, 21]*, [13, 14, 16]*, [17, 23, 26] | RJ051 | Poaceae | Sale / Saimije [I : J] | Improves platability of other TrM | Crystallized | Additive (taste / texture) | O |
| Sacciolepis sp. [10, 13, 14, 21] | WL036 | Poaceae | Hufa-aigoyae [K : AN] | Small sores & minor cuts | F / Stem | Succus | E |
| Salacia sp. [14]* | WL029 | Celastraceae | Agenafa [K : Y] | GIT / Swelling [Magic] | L & Stem | Concoction | O |
| Sambucus javanica Reinw. ex Blume | SK008 | Caprifoliaceae | Golani yaha [G : N] | Chicken-pox | F | Infusion used for bathing | E |
| Sanchezia nobilis var. glaucophylla Lem. | SK076 | Acanthaceae | Girukaru [G : U] | Broken bones & joint dislocations | L | Cooked with meat or other greens | O & E |
| Saurauia andreana (F.MuelL.) Diels [8, 14]* | WL064 | Actinidiaceae | Ayano [Ki : K] | GIT / Swelling [Magic] | L | Concoction | O |
| Saurauia sp. [8, 21]*, [14]* | SK027 | Actinidiaceae | Goiva [S : O] | Ulcers | L | Poultice | E |
| Saurauia sp. [8, 21]*, [14]* | SK051 | Actinidiaceae | Kiahuyave [B : S] | Dysmenorrhoea | L & B | Leaves / bark or both are cut into pieces and cooked with pig meat in bamboo | O |
| Saurauia sp. [8, 21]*, [14]* | SK053 | Actinidiaceae | Yaketupa [B : S] | Abnormal mouth & nose bleeding | L & B | Chopped leaves & scraped bark are cooked together with pig meat in bamboo | O |
| Saurauia sp. [8, 21]*, [14]* | RJ010 | Actinidiaceae | Kokgingila [I : J] | Permanent contraceptive | B | Decoction | O |
| Saurauia sp. [8, 21]*, [14]* | RJ030 | Actinidiaceae | Gol'lik [I : W / AD] | Liver pain / epigastric pain | L | Fresh | O |
| Saurauia sp. [8, 21]*, [14]* | WL005 | Actinidiaceae | Karakieta [F : Y] | Pains, Fevers & GI Symptoms ["typhoid symptoms"] | L | Concoction | O |
| Saurauia sp. [8, 21]*, [14]* | WL018 | Actinidiaceae | Kaware [F : Y] | Excessive menstrual bleeding | L | Concoction | O |
| Schefflera sp. [21]*, [13], [14]*, [15]* | WL003 | Araliaceae | Ase [K : E] | Emetic | L | Concoction | O |
| Scindapsus sp. | SK055 | Araceae | Yage [B : S] | Severelysick patients | Stem & yf L | Chopped leaves & scraped vines are cooked together with pig meat | O |
| Selaginella emmeliana Van Geert | WL049 | Selaginellaceae | Kakasi [Ki / K : A] | Swollen Hands and Feet | L | Concoction | O / E |
| Senecio sp. [14]* | SK012 | Asteraceae | Gotu aira [S : O] | Cough with runny nose | yL & S | F / Succus | O |
| Setaria sp. [8–10, 14] | SK010 | Poaceae | Nomu suva [S : O] | Malaria | whole plant | Chopped into pieces & cooked with meat in bamboo | O |
| Sida acuta Burm. F. [9, 13, 16] | SK014 | Malvaceae | Nivinihani [G : O] | Dysmenorrhoea, Diarrhea | yf L & Rs | Eaten with food & F / Succus | O |
| Sigesbeckia orientalis L. [14]* | SK042 | Asteraceae | Mezamua [B : S] | Diarrhea | Whole | Fresh / Succus | O |
| Smilax rotundifolia L. [8, 9, 16] | WL024 | Smilacaceae | Kogana [K : Y] | Pains and Fevers [Analgesic] | L | Concoction | O |
| Smilax sp. [8, 9, 14, 16]* | WL030 | Smilacaceae | Ala-Kogana [K : U] | GIT / Swelling [Magic] | L | Concoction | O |
| Smilax sp. [8, 9, 14, 16]* | SK023 | Smilacaceae | Gatapa nara [S : O] | Epilepsy | y soft L | Cut into pieces & cooked with pig meat in bamboo | O |
| Steganthera sp. [14]* | RJ033 | Monimiaceae | Kwagisal'lik [I : AD] | Strong cough with burning/nausea | soft L & S | Fresh | O |
| Symplocos sp. [14, 21]* | WL002 | Symplocaceae | Vefa [K : E] | Emetic | B | Concoction | O |
| Symplocos sp. [14, 21]* | WL059 | Symplocaceae | Nimihavaya [Ki : A] | Epigastric pain | L | Concoction | O |
| Symplocos sp. [14, 21]* | RJ032 | Symplocaceae | Guruke [I : W | Cough | L | Fresh | O |
| Syzygium longipes Merr. & L.M.Perry [8–11, 13, 16, 18] | SK059 | Myrtaceae | Maze [B : S] | Malnutrition | L & B | Cut into pieces and cooked with pig meat in bamboo | O |
| Syzygium sp. [8–11, 21]*, [13, 14, 16]*, [18] | SK074 | Myrtaceae | Nuva yaha [G : G] | Mild-severe chest pain | L & Fruit | Dry / fresh chopped leaves are cooked with meat in bamboo | O |
| Syzygium sp. [8–11, 21]*, [13, 14, 16]*, [18] | WL019 | Myrtaceae | Yasawa [F : Y] | GIT / Swelling [Magic] | B | Concoction | O |
| Syzygium sp. [8], [9–11, 21]*, [13, 14, 16]*, [18] | SK038 | Myrtaceae | Fitome [B : S] | Swallowing of poison | L & B | Cut into pieces and cooked with pig meat in bamboo | O |
| Tagetes sp. [11] | SK006 | Asteraceae | Ukuromini [G : N] | Toothache | F & Stem near F | F (All are squeezed and applied directly) | D |
| Tasmannia piperita (Hook. f.) Miers. [13, 14] | RJ008 | Winteraceae | Iridukichale [I : J] | Malaria and strong cough | L | Fresh or dry | O |
| Tecoma sp. [21]*, [15]* | WL067 | Bignoniaceae | Na-a [Ki : A] | Vaginal discharge/bleeding | R | Concoction | O |
| Timonius belensis Merr. & L.M.Perry [14]* | SK039 | Rubiaceae | Kipe [B : S] | Joint & back pain | L & B | Scraped B is added to chopped L & pig meat and cooked in bamboo | O |
| Timonius sp. [9, 13, 14, 16]* | WL039 | Rubiaceae | Ubagu [K : E] | GIT / Swelling [Magic] | L | Concoction | O |
| Trichospermum sp. | WL071 | Tiliaceae | Aviya [Ki : A] | Headache, fatigue, GI discomfort, muscle aches and arthralgia | L | Concoction | O |
| Tridax procumbens L. [11, 16] | SK077 | Asteraceae | Lilita [G : U] | Mild-severe headache | L | Cooked with meat in bamboo | O |
| Tristiropsis sp. | RJ023 | Sapindaceae | Longola [I : J] | Malaria, cough w/ chest pain / Magical | soft L | Fresh | O |
| Uncaria sp. [8, 21]*, [14]* | SK062 | Rubiaceae | Glagigo [B : S] | Internal sores & candida infections | L & Stem | Candida: stem smashed to release succus which is gargled; sores: stem and leaves are cooked and eaten | O (Rinse) / O |
| Unidentified | SK011 | Araliaceae | Gororotave nara [S : O] | Toothache | L & stem | F / Succus (Cut & squeezed in hand) | E |
| Unidentified | SK065 | Not given | Nagepa [B : S] | Headache | L, F & Stem | All parts are cooked together with pig meat | O |
| Unidentified | RJ003 | Unidentified | Imetchale [I : J] | Malaria | L | Fresh | O |
| Unidentified | RJ016 | Icacinaceae | Kawikaule [I : J] | Strong cough | L | Fresh or dry | O |
| Unidentified | RJ025 | Scrophulariaceae | Imetchale [I : J] | Malaria and Asthma | A | Fresh or dry | O |
| Unidentified | RJ026 | Solanaceae | Kwagi'Kuwogie [I : J] | Persistent cough | L | Fresh | O |
| Unidentified | RJ028 | Unidentified | Kimamite (small) [I : J] | Malaria / mental enhancement | L, Stem | Leaf Fresh / Stem charred and inhaled | O |
| Unidentified | RJ031 | Unidentified | Kat'tungje [I : J] | Strong cough with rhinorrhea (decongestant) | L | Fresh | O |
| Unidentified | RJ034b | Unidentified | Ammate [I : J] | Dyspnea | soft L | Fresh | O |
| Unidentified | RJ035 | Unidentified | Kimamite (big) [I : J] | Headache / Malaise | L | Fresh | O |
| Unidentified | RJ040 | Euphorbiaceae | Klalebongbonge [I : KA] | Magical | soft shoot / L | Concoction | O |
| Unidentified | WL008 | Leguminosae | Orovia [F : Y] | Abdominal discomfort / bodyaches [also magical: make people like bearer] | F | Fresh | O |
| Unidentified | WL012 | Unidentified | Kuougo [U : Y] | GIT / Swelling [Magic] | Stem [dried] | Concoction | O |
| Unidentified | WL016 | Euphorbiaceae | Kamira [KT : F] | Excessive menstrual bleeding | L | Concoction | O] |
| Unidentified | WL026 | Unidentified | Tewesa [F : Y] | GIT / Swelling [Magic] | A | Concoction | O |
| Unidentified | WL027 | Myrtaceae | Kuta [K : Y] | GIT / Swelling [Magic] [also magical as protection for bearer] | B | Concoction | O |
| Unidentified | WL028 | Unknown | Nonhe [F : Y] | GIT / Swelling [Magic] | L & B | Concoction | O |
| Unidentified | WL041 | Unidentified | Eso-Aginogi [K : E] | Weight Loss with severe bodyaches and GI complications | A | Concoction | O |
| Unidentified | WL050 | Unidentified | Veya [Ki : A] | Swollen Hands and Feet | A | Concoction | O / E |
| Unidentified | WL055 | Lamiaceae | Natano [Ki / K : A] | GIT / Swelling [Magic] | B | Concoction | O |
| Unidentified | WL057 | Sapindaceae | M-e [Ki : A] | Pains [BodyAches] | B | Concoction | O |
| Unidentified | WL060 | Theaceae | Alau / Kalau [Ki / K : A] | GIT / Swelling [Magic] | B | Concoction | O |
| Unidentified | WL061 | Unidentified | Kaviaya / Kamagafa [Ki / K : A] | GIT / Swelling [Magic] | B | Concoction | O |
| Unidentified | WL068 | Melastomataceae | Masirita [Ki : A] | GIT / Swelling [Magic] | L | Concoction | O |
| Unidentified | WL076 | Unidentified | Hapalaga Hitirifae [K : NI (E)] | Diarrhea | F / Fruit | Fresh | O |
| Unidentified | RJ050 | Unidentified | Tungoje [I : J] | Cough | L | Fresh | O |
| Usnea strigosa (Ach.) Eaton | WL063 | Parmeliaceae | Oleazu [Ki : A] | Headache | A | Concoction | O |
| Vaccinium sp. [13], [14]*, [21]*, [15]* | RJ019 | Ericaceae | Yopengchale [I : J] | Strong cough, asthma/dyspnea, fertility, stop menstruation | L | Fresh | O |
| Zingiber officinale Roscoe [8–10, 16, 22, 26, 30] | RJ059 | Zingiberaceae | Imate [I : J] | Sore throat / Magical | Rhizome | Concoction | O |
| Zingiber officinale Roscoe [8–10, 16, 22, 26, 30] | WL073 | Zingiberaceae | Atu [K : NI (E)] | Common Ingredient | R | Concoction | Many |
