From: Wild edible plants of Belarus: from Rostafiński’s questionnaire of 1883 to the present
Scientific name | Rel. | Local name in 19th c. | Part used | Use | Vo. | Letter**** |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Names used by Poles marked with PL | ||||||
Acer platanoides L. | H | klon | sap | fresh or added to sour soups | 50 | FED, WOJ |
Acorus calamus L. | L | ajer, tatarak | leaves | leaves added under baking bread (which was supposed to have carminative properties as well) | LAS | |
Aegopodium podagraria L. | H | śnitka, snitka, sznitka, śniatka, PL: śnitka | aerial parts | soups, sour and non-sour, potherb, rarely dried for winter use | 4 | CZA, DYB, FED, KOR, LAS, LES, NAR, OSS, SLO, TWA, WOJ |
Allium sp. ? | N | PL: czosnek dziki | n.d. | n.d. | LAS | |
Anchusa arvensis (L.) M.Bieb. | H | padasocik, PL: podosocik | aerial parts | non-sour soups | 11 | FED |
Anethum graveolens L. (?) | N | kopr | aerial parts | spice | LES | |
Armoracia rusticana G.Gaertn., B.Mey. & Schreb | O | chrin, PL: chrzan | n.d. | so obvious that use not given, only one author wrote about salad with vinegar | (LAS, LES, NAR, NIE, OSS, TWA,WOJ) | |
Berberis vulgaris L. | N | berberys (also PL) | fruits | raw | FED | |
Betula spp. | H | bereza, bieroza, PL: brzoza | sap | fresh, added to sour soups, fermented into a refreshing drink with dried apples, bread rinds and oak bark, or sugar | 45 | FED, NIE, WOJ |
Carum carvi L. | L | kmin | fruits | spice for bread, sauerkraut, fresh cheese, spirits | CZA, DYB, FED, OSS, SLO, WOJ, (LAS, ONU) | |
Centaurea cyanus L. | H | wałoszka, PL: wołoszka, włoszka, bławatki | very young shoots | non-sour soups | 9 | FED, KOR |
Chenopodium album L. | H | lebieda, PL: lebioda | aerial parts | non-sour soups, dried for winter use | 14 | FED, KOR, CZA, ONU, OSS, WOJ, (TWA) |
Cirisum arvense (L.) Scop. | H | asot, PL: oset | aerial parts | non-sour soups | 10 | FED |
Convolvulus arvenis L. | H | bierozka,PL: bierozka, brzózka | aerial parts | non-sour soups | 7 | FED |
Corylus avellana L. | H | harieszyna; PL: orzechy, orzeszyna, leszczyna | fruits | n.d. | 48 | FED, LAS |
Fallopia convolvulus (L.) Á.Löve | H | podbierozka (also PL) | aerial parts | non-sour soups | 8 | FED |
Fragaria spp., mainly F. vesca L. | H | sunicy, paziomki, poziemi, sunyca, PL: poziomki | fruits | raw | 26 | FED, OSS, (LAS, NIE, WOJ) |
Glyceria fluitans (L.) R.Br. and most likely other related Glyceria species | L | manna (also PL), majńo | grains | made into groat (kasha), mainly boiled in milk, sold in the market of Pińsk, in many places stopped being used in the 1850-60s | FED, LAS, NIE, ONU, OSS, SLO, TWA, WOJ | |
(in the letters as Glyceria and Glyceria fluitans) | ||||||
Helianthus tuberosus L.* | N/D | bulba, bulwa | bulbs | roasted or fried, mainly planted but one report says that it was very persistent and ”self-sowing” | (DYB, NAR, ONU, TWA, WOJ) | |
Heracleum sphondylium L. | H | borszcz, barszcz, barszczewnik, PL: borszcz, barszcz | sour soups, potherb, often dried for winter | 19 | CZA, DYB, FED, OSS, SLO, TWA, (LAS) | |
Lamium sp. or Pulmonaria sp.? | N | miedunka | aerial parts | potherb | CZA | |
Nymphaea alba L. | L | [grzybienie] | seeds | n.d. | NIE | |
Oxalis acetosella L. | H | zazulin szczawiej, PL: szczaw kukawki, szczaw zajęczy | leaves | sour soups | 17 | FED, (WOY) |
Papaver somniferum L.* | L | samosiejka, widuk | seeds | “for ordinary use ”, i.e. bread and sweets | - | DYB |
Plantago major L. | H | babka (also PL) | leaves | non-sour soups | 6 | FED2 |
Plantago sp. | L | tryputnik | leaves | sour soups, potherb | OSS, SLO | |
Polygonum aviculare L. or Plantago major L. ? | N | podorożnik | aerial parts | sour soup | OSS | |
Polygonum bistorta L. (syn. Bistorta major S. E. Gray) | H | oborocień, obaracień, oberek, ober, PL: ober | leaves, seeds | sour soup, seeds for flatbread, particularly in the 1855 famine | 2 | DYB, FED |
Prunus padus L. | O | czeremcha czeremszyna, czeromcha, PL: czeremcha | fruits | n.d. | 23** | FED |
Prunus spinosa L. | L | PL: tarnina | fruits | n.d. | (LAS) | |
Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn | H | paporocień, paporotnik, PL: paproć | rhizomes | dried, ground and mixed with ordinary flour to make bread | 1 | FED2 |
Pyrus pyraster L. | L | PL: gruszki dziczki | fruits | raw and conserved | ONU | |
Quercus robur L. | O | dub | leaves | under baking bread (added also due to its carminative properties as well) | LAS | |
Ranunculus repens L. | H | padśnitnik, PL: podśnitnik | non-sour soups | 5 | FED | |
Raphanus raphanistrum L. | A | swierzepa, sweripa, świrzepa | leaves | soups, potherb | NIE, TWA | |
Ribes nigrum L. | N | smrodziny, smorodinka, smrodyna, PL: smrodziny, czarne porzeczki | fruits, leaves | fruits raw, leaves used in manors to make a fizzy drink and to make vodka taste “older” (NIE) | FED, NIE, WOJ, (LAS) | |
Ribes spicatum Robson | N/R | parieczki, PL: porzeczki | fruits | raw | FED | |
Ribes uva-crispa L. | L | jagrest, PL: agrest | fruits | raw | FED | |
Rosa sp. | O | PL: róża | flowers | formerly fried in batter, in a Polish manor, rare | SLO | |
Rubus idaeus L. | O | maliny (also PL), małyna | fruits | raw | FED, OSS, WOJ, (LAS, NIE) | |
Rubus nessensis W.Hall | D/R | jaryna | fruits | raw | WOJ | |
Rubus saxatilis L. | H | kościanicy, PL: kościanki | fruits | raw | 28 | FED |
Rubus subgenus Rubus (probably mainly Rubus plicatus L., R. nessensis W.Hall and R. caesius L.) | H | ażyny, czornyje maliny, ożyna, PL: ożyny | fruits | raw | 24 | FED, WOJ, (NIE, LAS) |
Rumex acetosa L. | H | szczawiej, PL: szczaw | leaves | sour soups | 16 | FED |
Rumex crispus L. | H | karpacz (also PL) | leaves | sour soups | 20 | FED |
Rumex sp. (probably mainly R. acetosa L.) | szczaw, szczawel | leaves and stalks | raw and in sour soups, as OSS put: “with kvas, whey, sweet or sour milk, butter milk, cream or pig fat (slonina) with vinegar” | NIE, OSS, ONU, SLO, (CZA) | ||
Rumex thyrsiflorus Fing. | H | harabiniec, PL: szczaw polny | leaves | sour soups | 18 | FED |
Sambucus nigra L. | N | PL: bez | flowers | formerly fried in batter, in a Polish manor, rare | SLO | |
Scirpus lacustris L. | L | [sitowie] | young stalks | raw | NIE | |
Silene vulgaris (Moecnch)Garcke | H | laskouka,PL: laskówka | aerial parts | non-sour soups, dried for winter use | 12 | FED |
Silene vulgaris (?) | N | łuskawka | aerial parts | potherb | KOR | |
Sinapis arvensis L. | H | redźkouka, świerepa, PL: świrepa, świerżop | non-sour soups, dried for winter use | 15 | FED | |
Sinapis arvensis L. or Raphanus raphanistrum L. | N | świrzepa | leaves | soup or with kasha | ONU, (TWA) | |
Sorbus aucuparia L. | N | PL: jarzębina | fruits | raw after freezing | CZA | |
Stellaria media (L.) Vill. | H | makryca bieła, PL: mokrzyca biała | aerial parts | non-sour soups, dried for winter use | 62*** | FED |
Trapa natans L. | L | PL: orzechy wodne | seeds | raw and boiled | NIE | |
Urtica spp. (3 records confirm U. dioica L. and 4 rec. – U. urens L.) | H | krapiwa, kropiwa, kropywa, życzka, żyszka, żyżka, prokywa, prokiwa, pokrzywka, krapiwa piekuszcza, U. urens also rzeszka, rzyczkaja krapiwa; PL: rzeszka, pokrzywa, U. urens also: żagawka, żegawka, rzeszka | aerial parts | non-sour and sour soups | U. urens - 3 | CZA, DYB, FED, LAS, LES, NAR, ONU, OSS, TWA, WOJ, (SLO) |
Vaccinium myrtillus L. | L/O | czarnica, czernyca, czernica, czarnicy, czornyje jahody, czerniec; PL: czernice, czarne jagody | fruits | raw, commonly dried; also boiled with milk into a kind of soup | 27 | DYB, FED, OSS, NIE, WOJ, (LAS) |
Vaccinium oxycoccos L. | L/O | żurauliny, żurachwyna, PL: żurawiny, żórawiny | fruits | raw, stored for months in water, in manors made into kissel (with potato flour) | DYB, FED, OSS, NIE, WOJ, (LAS) | |
Vaccinium uliginosum L. | L/O | durnicy, bałabony, łochwaczi, PL: durnice | fruits | raw | FED, FED2, NIE, (LAS), whereas WOJ says that it is narcotic | |
Vaccinium vitis-idaea L. | L/O | brusznicy (also PL), bruśnica, brusznyca | fruits | raw, in manors made into jams and pickles | 25 | FED, OSS, WOJ, (DYB, LAS, NIE) |
Veronica cf persica Poiret | H | makryca bieła, PL: mokrzyca biała | aerial parts | non-sour soups, dried for winter use | 13, 62*** | FED |
Viola cf odorata L. | N | PL: fiołki | flowers | formerly fried in batter, in a Polish manor, rare | SLO | |
? | mirsik | aerial parts | soups | SLO | ||
? | mrzyk | aerial parts | soups | SLO | ||
? | opich | aerial parts | soups | SLO | ||
? | saładucha, smaktucha, PL: sołoducha | aerial parts | non-sour soups | FED | ||
? | zieziulina sałata | aerial parts | raw as salad (like lettuce) | FED |