Taxon [voucher]a | Maijuna name | Spanish name | Use | Harvesting method | Time of harvestb | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Annonaceae | ||||||
Annona sp. 1c [668] | aña mica ñi | anonilla | fruits: edible | picked | unknown | |
Duguetia sp. 1c [715] | yai j ɨ tɨ ada ñi , ɨ sɨbo ñi | tortuga caspi | trunk: house construction material | felled | year round | |
trunk: firewood | felled | year round | ||||
Guatteria decurrens R.E. Fr. [648] | nea c a ñi(‘black strap tree’) | carahuasca negra | trunk: house construction material | felled | year round | |
bark: strips used as a strapping to carry things | stripped from felled tree | year round | ||||
Oxandra euneura Diels [685] | ai codiyo ñi(‘old rib tree’), bitoyo ñi(‘fishing pole tree’) | tortuga caspi | trunk: house construction material | felled | year round | |
trunk: treelets used as fishing poles | felled | year round | ||||
Unonopsis guatterioides R. E. Fr. [664] | nea c a ñi(‘black strap tree’) | carahuasca negra | trunk: house construction material | felled | year round | |
bark: strips used as a strapping to carry things | stripped from felled tree | year round | ||||
Unonopsis peruviana R. E. Fr. [704] | nea c a ñi(‘black strap tree’) | carahuasca negra | trunk: house construction material | felled | year round | |
bark: strips used as a strapping to carry things | stripped from felled tree | year round | ||||
Apocynaceae | ||||||
Aspidosperma sp. 1c [666] | yototo ñi(‘canoe buttress tree’) | remo caspi | buttress roots: used to make canoe paddles and ax handles | cut from buttress root (not felled) | year round | |
trunk: firewood | felled | year round | ||||
Aspidosperma sp. 3c [673] | sɨño come toto(‘yellow paddle buttress tree’) | remo caspi amarillo | buttress roots: used to make canoe paddles and ax handles | cut from buttress root (not felled) | year round | |
trunk: firewood | felled | year round | ||||
Himatanthus sucuuba (Spruce ex Müll. Arg.) Woodson [776] | dodo ñi | bellaco caspi | latex: medicinal (abscesses/boils) | tap trunk | year round | |
Parahancornia peruviana Monach. [692] | s ɨ e ca ñi | naranjo podrido | fruits: edible | collected from felled tree | ~April-July | |
Araceae | ||||||
Dracontium sp. 1c [724] | aña cajo (‘snake’s tuber’) | jergón sacha | tuber: medicinal (used to treat snake bites) | extracted from ground | year round | |
leaf/petiole: medicinal/traditional beliefs (used to prevent snake bites) | cut from plant | year round | ||||
Arecaceae | ||||||
Astrocaryum chambira Burret [767] | beto ñi , ñuca ñi | chambira | fruits: edible (toast and eat mature fruits and eat liquid/spongy endosperm of immature fruits) | collected from ground, by using pole, or felling tree | ~January-March | |
spear leaf: fiber extracted from immature pinnae used to make handicrafts (hammocks, bags, baskets, etc.); handicrafts sold | cut from plant (plant not felled except when tall) | year round | ||||
spear leaf: midrib of immature pinnae used to make brooms | same as above | same as above | ||||
spear leaf: remaining portions of immature pinnae used in basket making after removal of fibers and midribs; baskets sold | same as above | same as above | ||||
spear leaf: small immature pinnae toward top of spear leaf used to make fans for tourist trade and fanning fires; fans sold | same as above | same as above | ||||
Astrocaryum macrocalyx Burret [782] | chida ñi | huicungo | fruits: edible (liquid/spongy endosperm) | collected from felled tree | unknown | |
sprouting seeds: medicinal oil (pimples) | collected from ground | year round | ||||
trunk: construction material (house and floor support posts) | felled | year round | ||||
trunk: pry bars for canoe construction | felled | year round | ||||
seeds: seed coat used to adorn ear disksd | collected from ground | year round | ||||
spear leaf: immature leaflets used to make “crowns” and “flags” for special occasions and traditional ceremonies | cut from plant (harvested from small plants) | year round | ||||
Attalea insignis (Mart. ex H. Wendl.) Drude [763] | edi ñi | inayuga, shapaja | fruits: edible | picked | year round | |
petioles: used to stretch animal hides during the drying process | cut from plant | year round | ||||
petioles: used to make blowgun dartsd | portion cut from petiole (leaves not removed) | year round | ||||
Attalea maripa (Aubl.) Mart. [778] | edi ñi | shapaja | fruits: older fruits host beetle larvae that are eaten and used as fishing bait | collected from ground | year round | |
fruits: edible | collected from ground, by climbing leaning pole, or felling tree | year round | ||||
leaves: thatch for houses | collected from felled tree | year round | ||||
leaves: thatch for the ridges of roofs | cut from plant (harvested from small plants) | year round | ||||
spathe: used as a dish to store things and as a child’s toy canoe | collected from ground | year round | ||||
seeds: used to smooth and/or polish clay during the production of ceramics | collected from ground | year round | ||||
Bactris maraja Mart. | bi ñi | chontilla | fruits: edible | picked | ~March-April | |
Desmoncus mitis Mart. [781] | jijebɨ meme(‘sieve vine’) | stem: used to lash together the frames of sieves | stems cut from plant | year round | ||
Desmoncus polyacanthos Mart. | jijebɨ meme(‘sieve vine’) | stem: used to lash together the frames of sieves | stems cut from plant | year round | ||
Euterpe precatoria Mart. [313e, 531e] | ɨ mɨbi ñi, ɨ mɨ bɨe ñi | huasai, chonta | fruits: edible (used to make a beverage); rarely sold | collected from felled tree | year round | |
leaves: thatch for temporary shelters | cut from plant (plant not felled except when tall) | year round | ||||
palm heart: edible; sold | extracted from felled tree | year round | ||||
roots: processed into a medicine (malaria) | extracted from ground (not felled) | year round | ||||
trunk: construction material (house railings and walls) | felled | year round | ||||
crown shaft: used to package processed blocks of Couma macrocarpa latexd | extracted from felled tree | year round | ||||
Geonoma deversa (Poit.) Kunth | n i n i ñi | palmicha | leaves: occasionally (when abundant) placed on the ground to quarter animals while hunting | cut from plant | year round | |
leaves: thatch for temporary shelters | cut from plant | year round | ||||
Geonoma macrostachys Mart. var. acaulis (Mart.) Skov [762] | n i n i ñi | leaves: occasionally (when abundant) placed on the ground to quarter animals while hunting | cut from plant | year round | ||
Mauritia flexuosa L. f. [321e, 529e] | ne ñi | aguaje | fruits: edible (eaten, used to make a beverage, and processed into an oil); sold | collected from ground and by climbing or felling tree | ~May-August | |
fruits: pieces used as fishing bait | same as above | same as above | ||||
leaves: use old, dry leaves as a fuel for drying canoes and starting fires in newly cleared and dried agricultural fields | old and hanging leaves cut off of tree | year round | ||||
petioles: strips of fiber used to make mats and used as a form for weaving palm fiber bags | cut from plant (harvested from small plants) | year round | ||||
trunk: hosts two species of beetle larvae that are eaten and used as fishing bait | from trees felled to promote larval growth and natural tree falls | year round | ||||
Mauritiella armata (Mart.) Burret | bɨe ne ñi | aguajillo | fruits: edible | collected from ground or by felling tree | ~May-August | |
Oenocarpus bataua Mart. [324e, 555e] | bosa ñi , osa ñi , g o sa ñi | hunguraui, unguraui | fruits: edible (eaten, used to make a beverage, and processed into an oil); occasionally sold | collected from ground and by climbing or felling tree | ~November-March and June-August | |
fruits (unripe): processed into a medicine (tuberculosis) | collected by climbing or felling tree | ~year round | ||||
leaves: used to make temporary baskets | cut from plant (harvested from small plants) | year round | ||||
leaves: thatch for temporary shelters | cut from plant (plant not felled except when tall) | year round | ||||
trunk: hosts a beetle larva that is eaten and used as fishing bait | from trees felled to promote larval growth and natural tree falls | year round | ||||
leaf base fibers: sharpened and used to pierce men’s ears for ear disksd | collected from plant (plant not felled) | year round | ||||
leaf base fibers: used as kindlingd | collected from felled tree | year round | ||||
Oenocarpus mapora H. Karst. [780] | bi bosa ñi, bi osa ñi, bi g o sa ñi(‘small Oenocarpus bataua tree’) | cinamillo | fruits: edible (eaten and used to make a beverage) | collected by climbing or felling tree | ~November-March and June-August | |
leaves: used to make temporary baskets | cut from plant (harvested from small plants) | year round | ||||
leaves: thatch for temporary shelters | cut from plant (plant not felled except when tall) | year round | ||||
petioles: strips of fiber used to make sieves | cut from plant (harvested from small plants) | year round | ||||
trunk: construction material (support posts for small structures) | felled | year round | ||||
Socratea exorrhiza (Mart.) H. Wendl. [315e, 530e] | j ɨ co ñi | cashapona | stilt roots: spiny sections used as graters | cut from stilt root (not felled) | year round | |
trunk: construction material (floors of houses and temporary shelters; walls of houses; slats also used to weave thatch around); occasionally sold | felled | year round | ||||
trunk: used to make platforms above cooking fires to dry and smoke food | felled | year round | ||||
trunk: used to make spears for hunting and warfared | felled | year round | ||||
Burseraceae | ||||||
Protium spp. [716] | bayidi ñi | copal | resin balls: used to seal/caulk canoes, etc. | picked from tree (not felled) | year round | |
resin balls: used as a fuel to start fires | same as above | same as above | ||||
resin balls: used as a fuel for a type of candled | same as above | same as above | ||||
Chrysobalanaceae | ||||||
Licania heteromorpha Benth. [718, 736] | cobe ao ñi(‘Eira barbara’s food tree’) | fruits: edible | collected from felled tree | unknown | ||
Parinari parilis aff. J.F. Macbr. [655] | mateto ñi | parinari | fruits: edible | collected from ground | ~October-November and January-March | |
Parinari sp. 1c [706] | mateto ñi | parinari | fruits: edible | collected from ground | ~October-November and January-March | |
Clusiaceae | ||||||
Chrysochlamys ulei Engl. [757] | ñase sada ñi | trunk: firewood | felled | year round | ||
Symphonia globulifera L. f. [743] | maja ñi(‘tar tree’) | brea caspi | latex: used to seal/caulk canoes, etc. | collected from felled tree | year round | |
Tovomita sp. 2c [744] | maja ñi(‘tar tree’) | brea caspi | latex: used to seal/caulk canoes, etc. | collected from felled tree | year round | |
Combretaceae | ||||||
Buchenavia sericocarpa Ducke [647] | nanu ñi | trunk: construction material | felled | year round | ||
bark: strips used as a strapping to carry things | stripped from felled tree | year round | ||||
Cyclanthaceae | ||||||
Asplundia sp. 1c [670] | noca | leaves: wrap and cook food in (i.e. fish, fruits, animal intestines, etc.) | cut from plant | year round | ||
Euphorbiaceae | ||||||
Hevea guianensis var. lutea (Spruce ex Benth.) Ducke & R.E. Schultes [688] | ejebe ñi | shiringa | seeds: used to make toy tops for childrend | collected from ground | unknown | |
Hyeronima alchorneoides Allemão [727] | pɨ pɨdi ñi | purma caspi | trunk: firewood | felled | year round | |
trunk: used to make the hulls, seats, and keels of canoes | felled | year round | ||||
Nealchornea yapurensis Huber [711] | fósforo caspi, keresone caspi | trunk: firewood | felled | year round | ||
Fabaceae | ||||||
Hymenaea palustris cf. Ducke [701] | s o j o ñi | azúcar huayo | fruits: edible | collected from ground | unknown | |
bark: medicinal (rheumatism and paleness) | cut from trunk (not felled) | year round | ||||
Inga spp. [660, 661, 699, 708, 761, 764] | mene ñi | shimbillo | fruits: edible | picked or collected from cut branches or felled tree | ~April-June and October-November | |
Pterocarpus amazonum (Mart. ex Benth.) Amshoff [739] | bo come toto ñi(‘white paddle buttress tree’) | remo caspi blanco | buttress roots: used to make canoe paddles | cut from buttress root (not felled) | year round | |
Lauraceae | ||||||
Aniba sp. 2c [731] | bɨ ya ñi | muena | trunk: house construction material | felled | year round | |
trunk: used to make the hulls, seats, and keels of canoes | felled | year round | ||||
Endlicheria sp. 1c [683] | bɨ ya ñi | isma muena | trunk: house construction material | felled | year round | |
trunk: used to make the hulls, seats, and keels of canoes | felled | year round | ||||
Licaria sp. 2c [740] | nea bɨ ya ñi | cunchi muena | trunk: house construction material | felled | year round | |
trunk: used to make the hulls, seats, and keels of canoes | felled | year round | ||||
Lecythidaceae | ||||||
Eschweilera coriacea (DC.) S.A. Mori [729] | ɨ oma ñi, ɨ omɨ ja ñi | machimango | bark: strips used as a strapping to carry things | stripped from trunk (not felled) | year round | |
Malvaceae | ||||||
Theobroma subincanum Mart. [700] | ch o cotu ñi (‘bald tree’) | cacao amarillo | fruits: edible | collected by climbing or felling tree | ~April-June | |
bark: processed into a tobacco admixture | cut from trunk (not felled) | year round | ||||
Theobroma obovatum Klotzsch ex Bernoulli [723] | m e ch o cotu ñi , m e sɨno ñi | cacaohuillo | fruits: edible | collected from felled tree | ~April-June | |
Marantaceae | ||||||
Calathea lutea Schult. [652] | n u ta jao sa | bijao | leaves: wrap and cook food in (i.e. fish, animal intestines, etc.) | cut from plant | year round | |
leaves: wrap and store salt and fariña (a coarse flour or meal made from Manihot esculenta) in | same as above | same as above | ||||
Meliaceae | ||||||
Guarea macrophylla subsp. pendulistica (C. DC.) T. D. Penn. [737] | m o j o ñi | trunk: house construction material | felled | year round | ||
Moraceae | ||||||
Brosimum parinarioides subsp. amplicoma (Ducke) C. C. Berg [663] | abɨ yodo ñi | caucho macho del bajo | latex: used to seal/caulk canoes, etc. | tap trunk | year round | |
Brosimum utile (Kunth) Oken ex J. Presl [779] | ayo ñi | tamamuri | fruits: edible | collected from felled tree | unknown | |
Helicostylis scabra (J.F. Macbr.) C.C. Berg [702] | yaji ñi | chimicue | fruits: edible | collected from felled tree | ~April-June | |
Naucleopsis glabra Spruce ex Pittier [717] | ch i cue ñi | fruits: edible | collected from felled tree | unknown | ||
Pseudolmedia laevis (R. & P.) Macbr. [691] | naso dei ñi(‘Lagothrix lagothricha’s Artocarpus altilis tree’) | pandisho del mono | fruits: edible | picked | unknown | |
Myristicaceae | ||||||
Iryanthera olacoides (A.C. Sm.) A.C. Sm. [719] | ɨ mɨ bi t i to ñi | cumala | fruits: edible aril (prepared by wrapping in the leaves of two plant species and heating over fire) | collected from felled tree | ~April-June | |
Virola loretensis A.C. Sm. [732] | cudu ñi | cumala | fruits: edible aril (prepared by wrapping in the leaves of two plant species and heating over fire) | collected from felled tree | ~April-June | |
seeds: used as a fuel for a type of candle | collected from felled tree | ~April-June | ||||
trunk: selectively logged and soldd | felled | year round | ||||
Virola pavonis (A. DC.) A. C. Sm. [775] | bai cudu ñi (‘Tayassu pecari’s Virola tree’), miña cudu ñi(‘small bird’s Virola tree’), mia cudu ñi(‘small bird’s Virola tree’) | cumala | fruits: edible aril (prepared by wrapping in the leaves of two plant species and heating over fire) | collected from felled tree | ~April-June | |
seeds: used as a fuel for a type of candle | collected from felled tree | ~April-June | ||||
trunk: selectively logged and soldd | felled | year round | ||||
Ochnaceae | ||||||
Cespedesia spathulata (Ruiz & Pav.) Planch. [714] | ma pede ñi(‘red board tree’) | trunk: house construction material | felled | year round | ||
trunk: firewood | felled | year round | ||||
Olacaceae | ||||||
Minquartia guianensis Aubl. [758] | yajisu ñi | huacapú | fruits: edible | collected from ground | unknown | |
trunk: house construction material | felled | year round | ||||
Poaceae | ||||||
Pariana sp. 1c [644] | mamecoco | shacapa, maronilla | leaves: used in shamanic rituals/ceremonies | cut from plant | year round | |
Rubiaceae | ||||||
Genipa spruceana Steyerm. [738] | be ñi | huito | fruits: used to dye Astrocaryum chambira fibers black | picked | ~March-April | |
Sapotaceae | ||||||
Chrysophyllum sp. 1c [741] | toa ñi(‘fire tree’), toa acue ñi(‘fire fruit tree’) | caimitillo | fruits: edible | collected from felled tree | ~January-April | |
trunk: firewood | felled | year round | ||||
Micropholis egensis (A. DC.) Pierre [721] | mɨ catoña ñi | lagarto caspi | trunk: construction material (used to construct houses, boats, etc.) | felled | year round | |
trunk: used to make the hulls, seats, and keels of canoes | felled | year round | ||||
trunk: selectively logged and soldd | felled | year round | ||||
Ecclinusa lanceolata (M. & E.) Pierre [645] | toa ñi(‘fire tree’), toa acue ñi(‘fire fruit tree’) | caimitillo | fruits: edible | collected from felled tree | ~January-April | |
trunk: firewood | felled | year round | ||||
Urticaceae | ||||||
Pourouma cecropiifolia cf. Mart. [722] | maca ede ñi | uvilla del monte | fruits: edible | collected from felled tree | unknown | |
Pourouma cucura Standl. & Cuatrec. | maca ede ñi | uvilla del monte | fruits: edible | collected from felled tree | unknown | |
Pourouma tomentosa Mart. subsp. tomentosa [650] | maca ede ñi | uvilla del monte | fruits: edible | collected from felled tree | unknown |