Botanical identification of medicinal roots collected and traded in Morocco and comparison to the existing literature

Ouarghidi, Abderrahim; Martin, Gary J; Powell, Bronwen; Esser, Gabrielle; Abbad, Abdelaziz

doi:10.1186/1746-4269-9-59

Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine

Table 2 List of medicinal roots and their ethno-medicinal uses in Marrakech region (in order of frequency on 15 herbalists’ free lists)

From: Botanical identification of medicinal roots collected and traded in Morocco and comparison to the existing literature

Vernacular names	Botanical identification	Family	Voucher	Frequency	Uses	Reported availability	Other scientific names listed in the literature
Foua	Rubia peregrina L.	Rubiaceae	795A	12	Hepatitis, Liver problems, Tonic, Gain weight	Common	Rubia peregrina L.^a,b,c
							Rubia tinctorum L.^a,b,c
							Galium odoratum (L.) Scop.^b
Serghina (Tasserghint)	Petrorhagia illyrica (Ard.) P.W. Ball & Heywood, Corrigiola telephiifolia Pourret	Caryophyllaceae	866A, 867A	12	Gain weight, Appetizer, Incense, Headache, Migraine	Common	Corrigiola telephiifolia Pourret ^a,b,c
Kherchouf (Kherchouf Beldi)	Cynara cardunculus L.	Asteraceae	470K	11	Abdominal pain	Common	Cynara cardunculus L. ^a,b,c
							Cynara humilis L.^b
							Cynara scolymus L.^b
L’guseb	Phragmites communis Trin.	Poaceae	836A	11	Hair problems	Common	Phragmites communis Trin.^aPhragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. Ex Steud.^bArundo donax L.^a
Bereztem	Aristolochia paucinervis Pomel	Aristolochiaceae	797A	11	Aorta palpitation	Common	Aristolochia baetica L ^aAristolochia longa L. ^a,c
Fouilia	NA	NA	NA	11	Fractures	Common	---
Tasskra	Echinops spinosissimus subsp. fontqueri (Pau) Greuter	Asteraceae	478K	10	Rheumatism, Colds, Female reproductive ailments	Common	Echinops spinosissimus subsp. fontqueri (Pau) Greuter ^a,b,c
Ouden helouf	Pulicaria odora (L.) Reichenb.	Asteraceae	806A	10	Gain weight, Sterility	Common	Ranunculus bullatus L.^a,c
							Ranunculus macrophyllus Desf.^a,b
							Ranunculus muricatus L.^a,c
							Ranunculus arvensis L.^a
Addad	Carlina gummifera (L.) Less.	Asteraceae	835A	10	Acne, Pruritus, Fumigation	Rare	Atractylis gummifera L. ^a,b,c
Bekbouka	Bunium bulbocastanum L.	Apiaceae	92A	9	Gain weight	Rare	Colchicum autumnale L. ^a,b,c
Amssekhsser	Ammoides pusilla (Brot.) Beistr.	Apiaceae	794A	9	Incense	Rare	Polygonum aviculare L.^a
							Polygonum equisetiforme S.M.^a
							Polygonum maritimum L.^a
							Daucus crinitus Desf.^a
Harmel	Peganum harmala L.	Zygophyllaceae	837A	9	Rheumatism	Common	Peganum harmala L.^a,b,c
N’jem	Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.	Poacese	838A	8	Cold, Diuretic, Bladder infection	Common	Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. ^a,b,c
Tafgha	Rhaponticum acaule L.	Asteraceae	842A	8	Stomach problems	Common	Centaurea chamaerhaponticum Bail.^a
Tiguendizt	Anacyclus pyrethrum var. pyrethrum Catannanche caerulea L., Anacyclus pyrethrum var. depressus (Ball) Maire	Asteraceae	872A	7	Stomach problems, Chest pain, Rheumatism	Rare	Anacyclus pyrethrum (L.) Link ^a,b,c
			805A
			873A
Ziyata	NA	NA	NA	6	Oral infection	Common	Limoniastrum guyonianum C.D.^a
							Limoniastrum ifniense (Caball.) F.-Q. ^a
							Polygonum maritimum L.^{a, b}
Ghazghaz	Carlina brachylepis (Batt.) Meusel & Kästner	Asteraceae	791A	6	Coughing, Chest pain	Common	---
Deryass	Thapsia villosa L. Thapsia transtagana Brot.	Apiaceae	790A, 465 KGh	6	Aphrodisiac, Gain weight, Colds, Incense	Abundant	Thapsia garganica L.^a,b,c
Deryass	Thapsia villosa L. Thapsia transtagana Brot.	Apiaceae	790A, 465 KGh	6	Aphrodisiac, Gain weight, Colds, Incense	Abundant	Thapsia villosa L.^a
Bllalourz	Asphodelus cf. microcarpus Parl.	Asphodelaceae	475K	6	Gain weight, Skin disease, Rheumatism, Colds	Abundant	Asphodelus cf. microcarpus Parl.^a,c
							Asphodelus ramosus L.^a
							Asphodelus aestivus Brot.^b
							Asphodelus cerasifer J.Gay.^c
Kelkh	Ferula communis L.	Apiaceae	840A	5	Sterility, Gain weight	Common	Ferula communis L.^a,b,c
Bougoudz	Tamus communis L.	Dioscoraceae	796A	5	Skin diseases	Common	---
Khoudenjel	NA	NA	NA	5	Colds, Gain Weight	Common	Alpinia officinarum Hance ^a,b,c
Taryala	NA	NA	NA	5	Aphrodisiac	Common	Mandragora autumnalis Bertol. ^a,b,c
Tarra soudaniya	Cyperus rotundus L.	Cyperaceae	845A	4	Hair problems	Common	Cyperus rotundus L.^a,b,c
							Cyperus longus L.^c
							Cyperus articulates L.^a
							Cyperus maculates Boeck.^a
Tigheghcht	Silene vulgaris (Moench) Garcke	Caryophyllaceae	800A	4	Clean wool, Intestinal pains, Incense, Itching	Common	Saponaria vaccaria L.^a
							Saponaria glutinosa Bieb.^a
							Silene inflata Sm.^a
D’bagh	Quercus ilex L. subsp. rotundifolia (Lam.) T. Morais	Fagaceae	486K	4	Stomach problems, Hair problems, Skin inflammation	Common	Quercus ilex L. subsp. rotundifolia (Lam.) T. Morais^a
D’bagh	Quercus ilex L. subsp. rotundifolia (Lam.) T. Morais	Fagaceae	486K	4	Stomach problems, Hair problems, Skin inflammation	Common	Quercus suber L.^c
Awedmi	Armeria cf. alliacea (Cav.) Hoffmanns. & Link, Meum athamanticum Jacq.	Plumbaginaceae	802A, 862A	4	Rheumatism	Rare	Polygonum aviculare L.^a
							Polygonum equisetiforme S.M.^a
							Armeria cf. alliacea (Cav.) Hoffmanns. & Link ^a
							Armeria mauritanica Wallr.^a
Boughlam sahraoui	Spergularia marginata (DC.) Kittel	Caryophyllaceae	869A	4	Cold, Gain weight	Rare	Spergularia marginata (DC.) Kittel ^a
Telh	Acacia gummifera Willd.	Mimosaseae	846A	4	Fumigation	Common	Acacia gummifera Willd.^a
							Acacia raddiana Savi.^c
							Acacia seyal Del.^c
M’ghizla	Eryngium tricuspidatum L.	Apiaceae	793A	3	Gain weight, Tonic, Rheumatism	Common	Eryngium tricuspidatum L.^a
Swak Raayan	NA	NA	NA	3	Vitiligo	Common	---
Derdar	NA	NA	NA	3	Migraine	Common	---
Bessbess	Foeniculum vulgare P. Mill	Apiaceae	843A	3	Stomach problems, Sterility	Common	Foeniculum vulgare P. Mill ^a,b,c
Bessbess	Foeniculum vulgare P. Mill	Apiaceae	843A	3	Stomach problems, Sterility	Common	Foeniculum dulce DC. ^a
Hedja	NA	NA	NA	2	Rheumatism	Common	Citrullus colocynthis (L.) Schard. ^a,b,c
Aarq sous	NA	NA	NA	2	Stomach and Throat problems	Common	Glycyrrhiza glabra L. ^a,b,c ,
Aarq sous	NA	NA	NA	2	Stomach and Throat problems	Common	Glycyrrhiza foetida Desf. ^a,c
Awermi (Fijel)	Ruta montana L.	Rutaceae	789A	2	Aphrodisiac, Rheumatism, Colds	Common	Ruta montana L. ^a,b,c,
							Ruta chalepensis L. ^a,b,c
							Haplophyllum vermiculare Hand. & Maz. ^a
							Haplophyllum tuberculatum (Forssk.) A. Juss. ^b
Boujlal	NA	NA	NA	2	Gain weight	Rare	---
Soussban	NA	NA	NA	2	Gain weight	Common	Iris germanica L. ^a,b,c
							Iris florentina L. ^a
							Iris pseudoacorus L. ^a
Frifra	NA	NA	NA	2	NA	Rare	---
S’der	Ziziphus lotus (L.) Lam.	Rhamnaceae	489K	2	Stomach problems, Bladder problems	Common	Ziziphus lotus (L.) Lam. ^a,b,c
Doum	Chamaerops humilis L.	Palmaceae	841A	2	Aphrodisiac	Abundant	Chamaerops humilis L.^a
Bouzfour	Ammoides pusilla (Brot.) Beistr.	Apiaceae	474K	2	Incense	Rare	Daucus crinitus Desf. ^a
Abu	Kundmania sicula (L.) DC.	Apiaceae	808A	2	Aphrodisiac, Sterility, Colds, Rheumatism	Common	Thapsia garganica L. ^a,b
Abu	Kundmania sicula (L.) DC.	Apiaceae	808A	2	Aphrodisiac, Sterility, Colds, Rheumatism	Common	Thapsia villosa L. ^a
Kef saboun	NA	NA	NA	2	Colds	Rare	---
Kers aanou	NA	NA	NA	2	Aphrodisiac, Gain weight, Colds	Rare	---
Terta	NA	NA	NA	2	NA	Common	---
Belhdar	NA	NA	NA	2	NA	Rare	---
S’koum	Asparagus stipularis Forsk.	Asparagaceae	844A	2	Aphrodisiac	Common	Asparagus stipularis Forsk. ^a,b
							Asparagus albus L. ^a
							Asparagus acutifollius L. ^a
							Asparagus pastorianus Webb. & Berth. ^a
							Asparagus altissimus Munb. ^a
R’tem	NA	NA	NA	1	Incense, Abortion	Rare	Retama monosperma Boiss. ^a
							Retama sphaerocarpa (L.) Boiss. ^a
							Retama retam (Forsk.) Webb. ^a
Tizgha	NA	NA	NA	1	NA	Rare	---
Baguremane	NA	NA	NA	1	NA	Rare	---
Ghartague	NA	NA	NA	1	NA	Rare	---
Nedkhir	NA	NA	NA	1	NA	Rare	---
Temt	Carthamus pinnatus Desf.	Asteraceae	468K	1	Fumigation	Common	---
Swaka	Juglan regia L.	Juglandaceae	469K	1	Tooth care, Gingivitis	Abundant	Juglan regia L. ^{a, b,c}
Smar	Juncus maritimus Lamk.	Juncaceae	839A	1	Cold, Fumigation	Common	Juncus maritimus Lamk.^a,b,c
							Juncus acutus L. ^a,b
							Juncus bufonius L. ^a,b
Saleh n’der	Verbascum sinuatum L.	Scrofulariaceae	870A	1	Ophthalmopathy	Common	Verbascum sinuatum L.^a,b
							Verbascum thapsiforme Scrad ^c
							Verbascum granatense Boiss ^a
Tizorin	Valeriana tuberosa L.	Valerianaceae	830A	0	Colic	Common	---
Azalim n’ouchen (Aansla)	Drimia maritima (L.) Stearn,	Hyacinthaceae	471K, 882 A	0	Hepatitis, Black magic, Rheumatism, Colds	Abundant	Urginia maritime (L.) Baker ^{a,b, c}
							Urginia noctiflora Batt. & Trab. ^a

NA: not locally available.
a. Bellakhdar [11].
b. Boulos [13].
c. Benchaabane et Abbad [12].

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ISSN: 1746-4269

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