Ethnoveterinary plants and practices used for ecto-parasite control in semi-arid smallholder farming areas of Zimbabwe

Table 1 Some characteristics and description of the survey study sites

District	Ward	Province	Agro-ecological region	Characteristics of farming region
Kadoma	1	Mashonaland West	III - IV	Found on approximately 18°19′S longitude and latitude 29°53′ E, moderate to low average rainfall 450 - 600 mm, semi-extensive farming of livestock and drought resistant fodder crops [27]
	2
	5
	12
Matobo	13	Matabeleland South	IV	District is found at 20°23′È latitude and 28°30′S longitude. Average rainfall is 450–650 mm, area is good for semi-extensive livestock and game ranching, common crops include drought resistant maize, sorghum and millet [28]
	16
	24
	25
Chiredzi	7	Masvingo	V	Area is found at about 31°30′S longitude, 21°10′E latitude. It is one of the largest districts in Zimbabwe with an average uncertain annual rainfall < 450 mm; suitable for extensive cattle production and game ranching [28]
	10
	11
	13
Muzarabani	4	Mashonaland Central	V	District is located at a longitude of 16⁰E and latitude of 31⁰S along the Mozambique – Zimbabwe border. Average annual rainfall < 450 mm. The area is suitable for subsistence smallholder farming, cattle production and game ranching [28]
	5
	6
	7