Ethnomedicinal plants used for digestive system disorders by the Karen of northern Thailand

Table 4 Literatures reporting on toxicity studies for medicinal plants used by the Karen

Scientific name	Toxic effect
Acorus calamus L.	acute toxicity in mice, LD₅₀ = 221 g/kg [44]
Cassytha filiformis L.	acute toxicity in mice, LD₅₀ = 625.8 g/kg [45]
Celastrus paniculatus Willd.	hyperactivity and loss of righting reflex in rat [46]
Euphorbia heterophylla L.	increase leucopaenia in rat [47]
Euphorbia hirta L.	leucocytosis, dullness, anorexia, stairy haircoat and 20% mortality in rat [47]
Flemingia macrophylla (Willd.) Merr.	severe hypoglycemia followed by death within 24 hour after administration to mice [48]
Kaempferia parviflora Wall. ex Baker	hepatotoxic to rat [49]
Senna alata (L.) Roxb.	decrease hemoglobin and erythrocyte (RBC) count values in rats [36]
Senna occidentalis (L.) Link	intestinal disturbance in long-term used in rats [50]
Thunbergia laurifolia Lindl.	decrease red blood cell in male mice [51]
Zingiber montanum (J.König) Link ex A.Dietr.	acute toxicity in mice, LD₅₀ = 80 g/kg [52]
Zingiber officinale Roscoe	embryo toxic to pregnant rats [53]
Centella asiatica (L.) Urb.	no toxic effect in mice [54]
Curcuma longa L.	no toxic effect in human [55]
Gmelina arborea Roxb.	no toxic effect in rodents [56]
Psidium guajava L.	no toxic effect in mice [57]
Punica granatum L.	no toxic effect in rats [58]
Tamarindus indica L.	no toxic effect in mice [59]

ISSN: 1746-4269