From: Ethnoveterinary practices of Covasna County, Transylvania, Romania
Diseases treated in ethnoveterinary practice | Ethnomedicinal treatments in the studied villages * | Earlier reported data in Romania | Data in other countries | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Used ingredients | Parts used and preparation | Used ingredients | Parts used and preparation | Used ingredients | Parts used and preparation | |
“hotness” (stomach heat, inflammation, ache) | Artemisia absinthium | herb1,4 [cattle] | Centaurium erythraea Rafn. (Gentianaceae) | herb as tea [pig] [47] | Achillea millefolium | flowers as infusion [53] |
Plantago lanceolata | leaf with the herb of A. absinthium 1 [cattle] | Levisticum officinale W.D.J. Koch (Apiaceae) | herb with rancid pork fat and bitter salt [48] | Matricaria chamomilla | flowers as infusion [calves] [51] | |
Gentiana asclepiadea (Figure 3) | root with P. lanceolata as a tea12 [cattle] | Peucedanum oreoselinum Moench (Apiaceae) | herb as fodder [48] | Potentilla erecta (L.) Raeusch. (Rosaceae) | root as a tea [51] | |
Salix alba | leaf as fodder12 [cattle] | Rumex crispus L. (Polygonaceae) | seed soaked in brandy for digestive problems [48] | milk | [7] | |
milk | [cattle]5 | |||||
oil | [cattle]5,9 | |||||
inflamed udder, mastitis | Calendula officinalis | flower as a cream2 [cattle, horse] | Brassica oleracea | sour leaf sap with human urine and dung of horse as a cream [47] | Brassica oleracea | roasted leaf as an embrocation [14] |
Eryngium planum | herb as a tea2 or washing12 [cattle, horse] | Calendula officinalis | flower as a cream [47] | Calamintha nepeta (L.) Savi (Lamiaceae) | leaf as a wash [15] | |
Matricaria chamomilla | flower as a tea and wash12 [cattle] | Digitalis grandiflora Mill. (Plantaginaceae) | herb [26] | Malus sylvestris (L.) Mill. (Rosaceae) | cider vinegar of fruit with grain as fodder [11] | |
Mustela nivalis | skin as an embrocation by itself2,6,9,11 or soaked in milk7 [cattle] | Malus sylvestris | vinegar of fruit on slate as impregnant, as an embrocation [cattle] [28,47] | Malva sylvestris | fresh leaf boiled and placed into sack using as a warm compress [15] | |
cold water | as a wash1,2,6,12; with vinegar2,3 and salt7 as a wash2,7 or embrocation3 [cattle] | Mustela nivalis | as a rubber [49] | Olea europaea L. var. europaea (Oleaceae) | fruit as an ointment [16] | |
clay | by itself or with salt as an embrocation7 [cattle] | Papaver somniferum L. (Papaveraceae) | seed as fodder for “reszfug” (= mastitis) [cattle, sheep] [26] | Sambucus nigra L. (Adoxaceae) | flower in fumigation [cattle] [16] | |
Scrophularia nodosa L., részfugburján (Scrophulariaceae) | as a wash [26], mixed and cooked with salt and flour of Zea mays [19] dried and mixed into the flour as fodder [20] | Thymus vulgaris L. (Lamiaceae) | decoction of flowering stem as a wash [cattle, dog, sheep] [8] | |||
Picea abies (L.) H. Karst. (Pinaceae) | resin by itself, or with sour cream or tallow as an embrocation [Papp, unpublished data, Uz-valley] | Zea mays L. (Poaceae) | seed as a decoction in water and/or milk as a washing [cattle] [8] | |||
flour | with salt [26] | |||||
water | with vinegar and salt as a washing and an embrocation [34] | |||||
yellow mud | smeared onto the udder [cattle] [28] | |||||
respiratory diseases: roaring (“kehesség”), cold, cough, pneumonia | Armoracia rusticana | root as fodder1–12 [horse] | Allium cepa L. (Amaryllidaceae) | 3 slices of the bulb grated and soaked in brandy, and mixed with saltpetre [29] | Allium cepa | bulb [16] |
Armoracia rusticana | root by itself [34,47], or with Avena sativa and urine for “száraz kehe” (dry cough) of horse [28,29], or in boiled milk with one spoon of honey, tallow, yeast, 7 slices of Allium sativum, and 9 fruits of Pimenta dioica (L.) Merr., Myrtaceae and Syzygium aromaticum (L.) Merr. & L.M. Perry, Myrtaceae and Piper nigrum L., Pipeaceae [horse] [29], or with “büdöskővirág” (sulphur powder) [34] | Atropa belladonna L. (Solanaceae) | leaf [horse, dog] [8] | |||
Juniperus communis | pseudofruit as fodder7 [horse] | Avena sativa L., Poaceae | warmed by itself [28], or with urine, turpentine or “büdöskővirág” put into a sac and pull onto the head of horse as a steaming | Avena sativa | aerial part [horse] [10] | |
injection | [horse] 1 | Brassica oleracea | leaf sap dropped into the nostrils with dried and ground rat snake [horse] [19] | Eucalyptus globulus Labill. (Myrtaceae) | leaf [16] | |
“szénamurha” | by itself1,5,12 or poured with urine7 [horse] | Datura stramonium L. (Solanaceae) | leaf [30] | Helleborus bocconei Ten. (Ranunculaceae) | petiole inserted into the ear or the neck for bronchitis [cattle] [13] | |
turpentine | [horse]1 | Helleborus purpurascens Waldst. & Kit. (Ranunculaceae) | leaf soaked in whey [19], or pulled into the breast [horse, cow], and into the ears [pig] [20,48,50] for dry and purulent cough [34] | Helleborus foetidus L. (Ranunculaceae) [cattle][12] | leaf inserted into the ears for bronchitis and pneumonia [cattle] [12] | |
Hordeum vulgare L., H. vulgare convar. vulgare (Poaceae) | steaming with warmed seed [27,31], flour with honey and water [29] | Juniperus phoenicea L. (Cupressaceae) | leaf [cattle, sheep, dog, horse] [8] | |||
Juniperus communis | as a tea [horse] [25] | Mercurialis annua L. (Euphorbiaceae) | root as a tea [dog] [8] | |||
Levisticum officinale W.D.J. Koch (Apiaceae) | Origanum heracleoticum L. (Lamiaceae) | aerial part [4] | ||||
Matricaria chamomilla | flower as a tea [pig] [47] | Sugar | on hot coal as a fumigant [4] | |||
Malus sylvestris | vinegar of the fruit as an embrocation [47] | tin | melted and inserted into the nose [horse] [10] | |||
Pulmonaria officinalis L. (Boraginaceae) | ||||||
Secale cereale L. (Poaceae) | ||||||
Triticum aestivum L. (Poaceae) | bran by itself [29] | |||||
bear, goose and pork fat | for “csikókehe, fojtókehe” [horse] [29] | |||||
salt | sprinkled onto the nose [33] | |||||
sulphur powder | for “csikókehe, fojtókehe” [horse] [29] | |||||
venesection | [33] | |||||
rumination | Achillea millefolium | herb as a tea [cattle]12 | Allium sativum | Achillea millefolium | ||
Cucurbita pepo | ground seed and seed oil [cattle]2 | Angelica sylvestris L. (Apiaceae) | leaf [21] | Artemisia absinthium | aerial part as a tea [10] | |
Petroselinum crispum | leaf [cattle]2 | Armoracia rusticana | roasted fruit [29] | Pimpinella anisum L. (Apiaceae) | fruit as an elixir [10] | |
Salix alba | leaf, leafy branches and bark [cattle]3 | Artemisia dracunculus | herb as a tea [29] | Ruta chalepensis L. (Rutaceae) | aerial part as a tea [16] | |
Symphytum officinale L. | root as fodder with bran [cattle]12 | Avena sativa | roasted fruit [29] | Salix purpurea L., (Salicaceae) | branches [10] | |
bread | [cattle]3,4 | Beta vulgaris L. convar. crassa (Amaranthaceae) | grated root [21] | Tanacetum parthenium (L.) Schultz Bip. (Asteraceae) | aerial part as a tea [16] | |
Toast | [cattle] 7 | Cannabis sativa L. (Cannabaceae) | seed in oil [29] | Beer | [cattle] [10] | |
Oil | [cattle] 7 | Carum carvi L. (Apiaceae) | fruit [21] | Buttermilk | [cattle] [10] | |
Cucurbita maxima Duchesne (Cucurbitaceae) | seed with bran [22] | soda (sodium bicarbonate) | [cattle] [10] | |||
Cucurbita pepo | whey | [cattle] [10] | ||||
Daucus carota ssp. sativus Hoffm. | ||||||
Euonymus europaeus L. (Celastraceae) | fruit [21] | |||||
Equisetum sylvaticum L. (Equisetaceae) | ||||||
Fragaria vesca L. (Rosaceae) | ||||||
Helianthus annuus L. (Asteraceae) | ||||||
Iris germanica L. (Iridaceae) | root [20] | |||||
Juniperus communis | pseudofruit with milk, roasted on bread [28], or woth the leaf of Salix alba, rusty fat, oil and bulb of Allium cepa [30,47] | |||||
Levisticum officinale W.D.J. Koch (Apiaceae) | herb [21] | |||||
Linum usitatissimum L. (Linaceae) | ||||||
L. usitatissimum convar. Transitorium (Linaceae) | ground seed with the seed of Helianthus annuus [29] | |||||
Malus domestica Borkh. | vinegar with yeast and Artemisia dracunculus [29] | |||||
Matricaria chamomilla | flower as a tea [20] | |||||
Petroselinum crispum | leaf with bran and oil [22] | |||||
Peucedanum oreoselinum Moench (Apiaceae) | herb [21] | |||||
Prunus domestica L. ssp. Rotunda (Rosaceae) | leafy branches [28] | |||||
Raphanus sativus L. cv. niger f. subglobosa (Brassicaceae) | ||||||
Rumex stenophyllus Ledeb.(Polygonaceae) | herb [31] | |||||
Rubus idaeus L. convar. hortensis provar. inermis (Rosaceae) | fruit as a syrup [29] | |||||
Sambucus nigra | lower layer of the bark [30] | |||||
Salix alba | ||||||
Salix spp. | leafy branches [31] | |||||
Satureja hortensis L. (Lamiaceae) | herb [28] | |||||
Sisymbrium strictissimum L. (Brassicaceae) | root [28] | |||||
Triticum aestivum | fruit [29] | |||||
Zea mays | stem [29] | |||||
copper sulphate | [34] | |||||
white wine | with egg [sheep] [33] | |||||
wounds, skin injuries | Aristolochia clematitis | leaf as an embrocation [cattle, horse, pig, sheep]1,2,4,6–11 | Achillea millefolium | herb cut and mixed with rancid fat [25] | Acer pseudoplatanus L. (Sapindaceae) | decoction of the bark as a wash [9] |
Eryngium planum | herb as a tea [cattle, horse]2 | Aristolochia clematitis | decoction of the stem and leaf as a wash, or the leaf as an embrocation [21,28,30] | Althaea officinalis L. (Malvaceae) | root [9] | |
Euphorbia amygdaloides | herb as a tea [horse, pig]12 | Betula pendula Roth. (Betulaceae) | leaf for bruised skin (“pecsendzsia, pokolszökés”) as a tea [50] | Agave americana L. (Asparagaceae) | leaf [9] | |
Polygonum minus | as a washing [cattle, horse]10 | Chelidonium majus L. (Papaveraceae) | leaf sap [47] | Artemisia absinthium | aerial part with honey [horse] [10] | |
cobweb | as an embrocation [horse]5 | Crataegus monogyna Jacq. (Rosaceae) | fruit or leafy branches as a decoction [ox] [25] | Bovista dermoxantha Pers. (Lycoperdaceae) | old fruiting body [horse] [10] | |
Daphne mezereum L. (Thymelaeaceae) | bark [sheep] [20], flower as an infusion [horse] [Papp, unpublished data, Uz-valley] | Cardopatum corymbosum (L.) Pers. (Asteraceae) | leaf [sheep,cattle, dog] [8] | |||
Euphorbia amygdaloides (Euphorbiaceae) | ground herb ss an embrocation [26], or as a wash ([28,30,47] Papp, unpublished data, Uz-valley) | Carpinus orientalis Mill. (Betulaceaeae) | bark as a decoction [3] | |||
Euphorbia cyparissias (Euphorbiaceae) | Centaurea alba L. ssp. tartesiana Talavera (Asteraceae) | leaf [horse] [8] | ||||
Euphorbia palustris L. (Euphorbiaceae) | Daphne gnidium L. (Thymelaeaceae) | stem as a liniment [9] | ||||
Polygonum lapathifolium L. (Polygonaceae) | leaf as an embrocation [26] | Ecballium elaterium (L.) A. Rich. (Cucurbitaceae) | fruit [4] | |||
Symphytum officinale | root [20] | Euphorbia hirsuta L. (Euphorbiaceae) | [sheep, cattle, horse, dog] [51] | |||
Veronica beccabunga L. (Plantaginaceae) | herb as a wash [19] | Gentiana lutea L. (Gentianaceae) | root as a bath [9] | |||
cobweb | [19] | Geranium rotundifolium L. (Geraniaceae) | aerial part [9] | |||
hot fat | [19] | Hypericum perforatum | ||||
lime | [19] | Juniperus oxycedrus L. (Cupressaceae) | pseudofruit as an ointment [9] | |||
urine | [19] | Lilium pyrenaicum Gouan (Liliaceae) | bulb as a liniment and a poultice [9] | |||
Malva neglecta Wallr. (Malvaceae) | ||||||
Marrubium vulgare L. (Lamiaceae) | aerial part [sheep, cattle] [8] | |||||
Nicotiana tabacum L. (Solanaceae) | leaf [sheep] [9] | |||||
Peucedanum ostruthium (L.) W.D.J.Koch (Apiaceae) | root as an ointment and bath [51] | |||||
Prunus domestica | ||||||
Pulicaria odora Rchb. (Asteraceae) | flowering top in alcohol or as a decoction [cattle, sheep, dog, horse] [8] | |||||
Quercus ilex L. ssp. ilex, Q. petraea (Matt.) Liebl. (Fagaceae) | bark as a bath [9] | |||||
Ruta chalepensis | aerial part as an embrocation and liniment [9] | |||||
Sambucus nigra | leaf as a decoction [14] | |||||
Symphytum officinale | root as an ointment and bath [51] | |||||
Valeriana officinalis L. (Caprifoliaceae) | root or leaf in mules [14] | |||||
fat | fox fat for pimples [horse], hen fat for sores [oxen] [2] | |||||
Sulphur | in water for burns [10] | |||||
Cobweb | [7] | |||||
anthelmintics | Allium sativum | bulb of by itself1,3–6,8–12 or soaked in milk [pig]2,12 | Allium sativum | Allium sativum | ||
Cucurbita pepo | seed [pig]3,12 | Armoracia rusticana | root with the pseudofruit of Juniperus communis [30] | Artemisia absinthum | leaf as a decoction [dog] [8] | |
Daucus carota ssp. sativus | root [horse]7 | Avena sativa | roated fruit [28] | Artemisia herba-alba Asso (Asteraceae) | aerial part [sheep] [8] | |
Quercus petraea, Q. robur | nut [pig, cattle]3 | Cannabis sativa | seed with lime-water, or with Allium cepa, goose fat and milk [28] | Chelidonium majus L. (Papaveraceae) | leaf in water [3] | |
Secale cereale | fruit as fodder [horse]7 | Cucurbita pepo | seed with the seed of Ricinus communis L., (Euphorbiaceae) | Chenopodium ambrosioides L. (Amaranthaceae) | ||
whey powder | [pig]2 | Dryopteris filix-mas (L.) Schott, (Dryopteridaceae) | Daphne gnidium | bark [swine, cattle, sheep, dog, horse] [8] | ||
Hordeum vulgare | Hypericum maculatum Crantz (Hypericaceae) | aerial part as a tea [7] | ||||
Phaseolus vulgaris L. Fabaceae | fruit as a decoction without salt [29] | Mentha suaveolens Ehrh.(Lamiaceae) | aerial part as a tea [16] | |||
Quercus petraea, Q. robur | ground nut or bark as a tea [28] | Ruta chalepensis | ||||
Sambucus nigra | Scabiosa columbaria L. (Caprifoliaceae) | aerial part as a tea [16] | ||||
Secale cereale | fruit or flour [30] | Simethis mattiazzi (Vand.) Sacc. (Xanthorrhoeaceae) | root as a decoction [3] | |||
Triticum aestivum | bran with butter, fat, salt and soap as a decoction [29] | Teucrium scorodonia L. (Lamiaceae) | ||||
bran | with ash [33] | |||||
dove dung | dried dung mixed into the fodder [34] | |||||
petroleum | [33] | |||||
diarrhea | Artemisia absinthium | herb as a tea [cattle, horse]3 | Achillea collina (Becker ex Rchb. f.) Heimerl, A. millefolium (Asteraceae) | Achillea millefolium | aerial part [calf] [10] | |
Potentilla anserina | leaf as a tea [cattle, horse, pig, sheep]1,2,4–6,9–12 | Alchemilla vulgaris L. (Rosaceae) | aerial part as a tea [41] | Achillea ptarmica L. ssp. pyrenaica (Sibth. ex Godr.) | flower with the flower of Sambucus nigra as a tea [16] | |
Rumex acetosella, R. obtusifolius, Rumex spp. | fruit as a tea [cattle, horse, pig, sheep]1–12 | Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn. (Betulaceae) | bark as a decoction [48] | Agrimonia eupatoria L. (Rosaceae) | aerial part as a tea [16] | |
Quercus petraea, Q. robur | bark as tea [pig]3 | Artemisia absinthium | aerial part as a tea [28] | Brassica oleracea ssp. oleracea | aerial part [16] | |
“hótszén” | as fodder [pig]2 | Aesculus hippocastanum L. (Sapindaceae) | Ceratonia siliqua L. (Fabaceae) | grain [51] | ||
Chelidonium majus | aerial part as a tea [26] | Chelidonium majus | leaf as a tea [3] | |||
Equisetum arvense L. (Equisetaceae) | aerial part as a tea [48] | Citrus limon (L.) Burm. (Rutaceae) | epicarp of the fruit with the seed of Oryza sativa L. (Poaceae) as a soup [51] | |||
Fagus sylvatica L. (Fagaceae) | Eriobotrya japonica (Thunb.) Lindl. (Rosaceae) | leaf as a tea [16] | ||||
Hordeum vulgare | roasted seed [pig, horse] [22,33], or with salty flour with the seed of Secale cereale [29] | Daphne gnidium | stem [16] | |||
Juniperus communis | pseudofruit as a tea [cattle] [25] | Foeniculum vulgare Miller (Apiaceae) | aerial part [16] | |||
Quercus cerris L. | ground bark as a tea [47] | Hypericum maculatum | aerial part as a tea [7] | |||
Quercus petraea | ground bark in fodder [22] | Lythrum salicaria L. (Lythraceae) | aerial part [16] | |||
Rumex acetosa L., R. confertus Willd., R. crispus | Phlomis purpurea L. (Lamiaceae) | aerial part [sheep, horse, dog] [8] | ||||
Rumex acetosella | seed as a decoction [47] | Quercus rubra L. (Fagaceae) | branch [rabbit] [8] | |||
Rumex patientia L., R. stenophyllus Ledeb. | [cattle, horse, pig] [31] | Polygonum aviculare L. (Polygonaceae) | aerial part as a tea [8] | |||
Ruta graveolens L. (Rutaceae) | aerial part as a tea [cattle] [29] | Potentilla reptans L. (Rosaceae) | aerial part as a tea [rabbit] [8] | |||
Sambucus racemosa L. (Adoxaceae) | fruit as a tea [48] | Rosmarinus officinalis L. | aerial part as a tea [16] | |||
Sisymbrium strictissimum L. (Brassicaceae) | root as a decoction [cattle] [30] | Rumex acetosella | aerial part [cattle] [5] | |||
Solanum tuberosum L. (Solanaceae) | tuber with the leaf of Robinia pseudoacacia L. (Fabacaeae) [48] | Rumex sp. | boiled seeds in water [pig] [64] | |||
Sorbus domestica L. (Rosaceae) | bark as a decoction [20] | Thymus serpyllum L. ssp. nervosus (Willk.) Nyman (Lamiaceae) | aerial part as a tea [16] | |||
Triticum aestivum | bran by itself [calf] [21] | Vaccinium myrtillus L. (Ericaceae) | raw or dried fruit [51] | |||
ash | [horse] [33] | Verbascum sinuatum L. (Scrophulariaceae) | flower as a tea [16] | |||
salt | [sheep] [48] | |||||
vinegar | [sheep] [48] | |||||
diuretics | Petroselinum crispum | leaf [horse]3 | Allium cepa | bulb as a decoction [cattle, horse] [34], or into the urethra [horse] [19-21] | Daphne laureola L. | aerial part [3] |
ammonia | to smell in the stable [horse]5,6 | Capsicum annuum convar. longum, (Solanaceae) | fruit [29] | Herniaria hirsuta L. ssp. cinerea (DC.) Coutinho (Caryophyllaceae) | aerial part [16] | |
lice | put into the urethra [horse]5 | Fragaria vesca L. (Rosaceae) | root as a tea [20] | Rorippa nasturtium-aquaticum (L.) Hayek, (Brassicaceae) | as a decoction [pig] [8] | |
water | poured beside the animals [horse]7, or put into the shed to vaporize and induce urination [sheep]7; animals guided to the edge of rivers to hear the sound of water [horse]5 | Narcissus stellaris Haw. (Amaryllidaceae) | flower [cattle] [30] | Simethis mattiazzi (Vand.) Sacc. (Xanthorrhoeaceae) | root [3] | |
Petroselinum crispum | leaf or root with saltpeter as a decoction [cattle, horse] [19-21,34] | Zea mays | stigma as a decoction [3] | |||
Peucedanum sp. (Apiaceae) | boiled herb as fodder [sheep] [48] | |||||
Polygonum bistorta L. (Polygonacaeae) | rhizome [26] | |||||
Sambucus nigra | flower as a decoction [cattle] [33] | |||||
Urtica dioica L. (Urticaceae) | root as a tea [19] | |||||
cataract | powdered sugar | blown into the eyes [cattle]1–12 | Anagallis arvensis L. ssp. phoenicea Vollmann (Primulaceae) | dried and ground petals mixed with powdered sugar [22] | ||
powdered glass | blown into the eyes [cattle]1–12 | Capsicum annuum | ||||
Malus sylvestris | vinegar of the fruit as an embrocation [47] | |||||
Matricaria chamomilla | tea of the flower as a wash [22] | |||||
Nicotiana tabacum | ground leaf spit with saliva into the eyes [47] | |||||
Tilia cordata Mill. (Malvaceae) | yellow part under the bark with milk as an embrocation [47] | |||||
“szentgyörgybéka” (Bombina variegata L., Bombinatoridae) | ||||||
ash | blown into the eyes [cattle] [49] | |||||
salt | ||||||
sugar | ||||||
powdered glass | ||||||
powdered porcelain | blown into the eyes [33] | |||||
after delivery | Petroselinum crispum | leaf to promote expulsion of the placenta as fodder [cattle]3 | Hordeum vulgare convar. vulgare | roasted seed as fodder [cattle] [29] | ||
antiparasitic, repellent, and insecticide effect; for scab | Juglans regia | leaf against flies as a rub [horse]6 | Aconitum moldavicum Hacq. (Ranunculaceae) | root against lice and ticks [26] | Capsicum annuum | fruit in oil [16] |
Veratrum album | ground root as a rub against lice, flies and mosquitos [horse]6 | Artemisia absinthium | aerial part strewed against lice, spray with lime in the chicken pen [33] | Cestrum parqui L 'Hér. (Solanceae) | herb [52] | |
Ballota nigra L. (Lamiaceae) | aerial part put under hen against lice [31] | Juglans regia | leaf against flies as a decoction [horse] [16] | |||
Brassica oleracea, B. oleracea var. capitata | sour sap of the leaf against scab [sheep] [19,20], salty leaf sap against ox warble fly [28] and lice [29] | Laurus nobilis L. (Lauraceae) | fruits in olive oil [52] | |||
Cucurbita pepo | runner against flies as a rub [29] | Matricaria chamomilla | flowering top against fleas [cattle, sheep, dog] [8] | |||
Dryopteris filix-mas | leaf as bed of straw [pig] [25] | Olea europaea var. europaea | seed oil as a repellent poultice [16] | |||
Euonymus europaeus L. (Celastraceae) | dried and ground fruit against lice [cattle, hen, pig] [28,29] | Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn (Dennstaedtiaceae) | leaf against fleas [16] | |||
Helianthus annuus | seed oil smeared onto the animals against lice [cattle, hen, pig] [28,29] | Ruta chalepensis | aerial part against flies as a rub [horse] [8], and against fleas [16] | |||
Helleborus purpurascens | root as a decoction against scab [30] | Sonchus oleraceus | aerial part in oil and as a poultice against flies [horse, cattle] [14], leaf and root as a decoction against lices, and as a bath against scabs [17], root as a decoction and wash against lice and scabs [sheep] [9] | |||
Juglans regia | leaf against flies as a rub [29] | Urginea maritima (L.) Baker (Asparagaceae) | bulb in oil [16], or placed in shed as a repellent [cattle] [13] | |||
Nicotiana tabacum | Veratrum album | |||||
Persica vulgaris Mill. (Rosaceae) | sap of the ground leaf smeared onto the body against flies [pig] [33] | |||||
Polygonum lapathifolium | ||||||
Rumex crispus | root against scab as a decoction [26] | |||||
Tussilago farfara L. (Asteraceae) | leaf against scab as a decoction [26] | |||||
Veratrum album | root dried and smeared onto the hair [19,20,22,25,33,41,48], or boiled with the leaf sap of Brassica oleracea against lice [sheep, cattle], or with goose fat [hen] [30] | |||||
cart-grease | as a rub against lice [34] | |||||
copper sulphate | in water with vinegar as a wash [sheep] [34] | |||||
fat | rancid fat against lice [hen], or with mercury [34] | |||||
lye-ashes | smeared onto the body [pig, sheep] [33] | |||||
petroleum | smeared onto the body [pig, sheep] [33] | |||||
potash-lye | in water as a bath [poultry] [33] |