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Table 1 Medicinal plant used in the study area

From: A cross-cultural comparison of folk plant uses among Albanians, Bosniaks, Gorani and Turks living in south Kosovo

Botanical taxon, family and voucher specimen code

Status

Folk name(s) a

Part(s) used

Administration

Treated disease(s) or folk medical uses(s)

Alb N uc b

Bo/Go N uc b

Tur N uc b

UV Alb c

UV Bo/Go c

UV Tur c

Q d

Abies alba Mill. (Pinaceae) 14/Pz/2013

W

BredhiALB

Wood

Resin, mixed with fat

Anti-fungal

2

0

0

0.033

0

0

I

Agrimonia eupatoria L. (Rosaceae) 08/Pz/2013

W

PetrovacBOG

Aerial parts

Infusion

Anti-allergic,

0

3

1

0

0.219

0.065

I

Kezell japrakTUR

Earache,

0

1

0

Anti-inflammatory,

0

2

2

Anti-diarrheal

0

1

0

Agropyron repens (L.) Beauv. (Poaceae) 07/Pz/2013

W

Bari i magaritALB

Aerial parts

Infusion

Anti-hemorrhoidal,

2

0

0

0.049

0.125

0.065

I

PriovinaALB

Respiratory system disorders,

0

3

0

PriovinaBOG

Urinary tract disorders

1

1

0

Alchemilla vulgaris L. (Rosaceae) 05/Pz/2013

E

AlhemılaALB

Aerial parts

Infusion

Improve fertility in women

2

0

0

0.033

0

0

I

Achillea millefolium L. (Asteraceae) 03/Pz/2013

W

BarëpezmatimiALB

Aerial parts

Infusion

Anti-cholesterolemic,

0

4

0

0.557

2.656

0.652

I

Hajdutska travaBOG

Anti-coagulant,

3

6

0

Hajdut otiTUR

Appetizing,

5

3

6

Anti-microbial,

12

28

8

Antiemetic,

2

0

0

Carminative and spasmolytic,

7

31

11

Anti-diabetic,

0

4

1

Antacid,

0

1

0

Menstrual pains,

0

1

0

Influenza,

2

5

3

Stomachache

3

2

1

Allium cepa L. (Amaryllidaceae) 11/Pz/2013

C

KepaALB

Bulbs

Eaten raw,

Anti-cholesterolemic

3

7

1

0.656

1.125

0.5

I

Cerveni lukBOG

Topically in wound

Anti-bacterial

37

29

22

    

KepiTUR

Allium porrum L. (Amaryllidaceae) 09/Pz/2013

C

PurriALB

Leaves

Eaten

Thyroid disorders

2

4

0

0.033

0.125

0

I

PrazıllukBOG

Allium sativum L. (Amaryllidaceae) 10/Pz/2013

C

HudraALB

Bulbs

Eaten

Anti-hypertensive,

16

24

11

1.361

3.188

1.63

II

Beli llukBOG SarimsakTUR

Anti-fungal,

11

8

3

Anti-ageing,

0

3

5

Urinary tract infections,

2

5

3

Anti-hypertensive,

18

14

12

Bronchitis

12

6

8

Mixed with honey

Bronchitis,

14

7

7

    

Anti-tussive,

2

8

3

Skeletal system enhancement,

0

2

2

Immunostimulant,

0

5

3

Anti-anemic,

0

2

1

Respiratory system disorders,

8

17

13

Skin regeneration

0

1

4

Althaea officinalis L. (Malvaceae)

W

MullagaALB

Flowers

Infusion

Anti-tussive/expectorant

12

18

9

0.197

0.563

0.196

I

Beli slezBOG

Gul hatemTUR

Aloe vera (L.) Burm.f. (Xanthorrhoeaceae) 06/Pz/2013

C

AloaALB

Leaves

Eaten fresh with honey

Anti-tumor

3

0

0

0.049

0

0

I

Amanita caesarea (Scop.) Pers. (Amanitaceae)

W

KërpurdhaALB

Fruiting body

Topically applied

Skin infections

2

0

0

0.033

0

0

I

Apium graveolens L. (Apiaceae) 12/Pz/2013

C

KerevizTUR

Aerial parts

Infusion

To treat sterility

0

0

2

0

0

0.109

I

Roots

Infusion

Diuretic, appetizing

0

0

3

    

Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. (Ericaceae) 02/Pz/2013

W

Çaj uvinALB

Leaves

Infusion

Urinary tract infections

12

16

0

0.344

1

0

I

Rrush arusheALB

Aerial parts

Infusion

Urinary tract infections and pains

9

16

0

    

Medvegje ushiBOG

Artemisia absinthium L. (Asteraceae) 01/Pz/2013

W

FshisaALB

Leaves

Infusion

Anti-anemic, Anti-malarial

2

3

0

0.377

1.25

0

I

PeliniALB

0

2

0

Divli pelinBOG

Aerial parts

Infusion

Anti-diabetic,

0

2

0

    

Appetizing,

4

5

0

Improve hormonal balance in women,

0

2

0

Anti-parasitic,

1

1

0

Relaxant, stomachache

12

16

0

Fruits

Infusion

Lithontriptic,

0

1

0

    

Anti-asthmatic,

2

3

0

Anti-diabetic

2

5

0

Avena sativa L. (Poaceae) 15/Pz/2013

C

TheknaALB

Aerial parts

Infusion

Skeletal system enhancement

2

0

4

0.033

0

0.087

I

Jullaf TUR

Betula alba L. (Betulaceae) 16/Pz/2013

W

MështeknaALB

 

Infusion

Diuretic,

0

1

0

0.164

0.563

0.217

I

Plep i bardhëALB

Edema,

0

2

2

BrezaBOG

Urinary disorders

2

4

2

Hush agagjiTUR

Infusion used for hair wash

Alopecia

8

11

6

    

Brassica rapa L. (Brassicaceae)

C

RrepaALB ShalgamTUR

Taproot

Eaten

Eye disorders, Immunostimulant

4

0

3

0.066

0

0.065

I

Calendula officinalis L. (Asteraceae) 27/Pz/2013

C

Lule dukatiALB NevenBOG

Aerial parts

Extracted with different oils

Anti-bacterial, anti-fungal,

0

14

0

0

0.938

0

I

Vulnerary for burn wounds and sunburns

0

16

0

Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medik. (Brassicaceae) 28/Pz/2013

C

Më do s’më donALB TarqushakBOG

Aerial parts

Infusion

Anticoagulant

2

5

0

0.033

0.156

0

I

HoqunequBOG

Castanea sativa Mill. (Fagaceae) 19/Pz/2013

W/C

GështajaALB

Flowers

Infusion

Anti-anemic,

3

0

0

0.131

0

0

I

Bronchitis,

2

0

0

Anti-tussive

2

0

0

Cortex

Infusion

Anti-tussive

1

0

0

    

Centaurium erythraea Rafn (Gentianaceae) 29/Pz/2013

W

Kantarioni i kuqALB

Aerial parts

Infusion

Anticoagulant,

0

2

0

0.426

1.063

0.391

I

Bari i etheveALB

Anti-pyretic,

13

18

9

KicicaBOG

Anti-malarial,

9

12

6

Appetizing,

2

1

0

Anti-anemic,

0

1

0

Antacid,

0

0

1

Immunostimulant

2

0

2

Centaurea cyanus L. (Asteraceae) 20/Pz/2013

W

KokoçeliALB

Flower

Infusion

Respiratory disorders

3

1

0

0.049

0.031

0

I

KicicaBOG

Chamomilla recutita (L.) Rauschert (Asteraceae) 43/Pz/2013

W

Lule qeniALB

Aerial parts

Infusion

Antimicrobial,

31

37

25

3.115

5.5

2.543

VI

KamomilALB

Infections of the digestive tract,

12

10

0

KamilicaBOG

Urinary tract infections,

20

6

13

Eye infections

11

8

2

BabunecBOG

25

15

17

PapatjaTUR

Sari çiçekTUR

   

Flowers

Infusion

Anti-tussive,

14

26

22

    

Anti-bacterial,

31

35

12

Influenza,

11

9

9

Oral cavity infections,

9

3

4

Anti-hemorrhoidal,

1

0

7

Alopecia,

2

0

0

Wound healing,

20

23

6

Relaxant

3

4

0

Chelidonium majus L. (Papaveraceae) 30/Pz/2013

W

TamelqakALB

Latex

Topically used

Skin infections, warts

11

0

7

0.18

0

0.152

I

Kena qıqegıTUR

Cichorium intybus L. (Asteraceae) 21/Pz/2013

W

CikorjaSHQ

Aerial parts

Infusion

Hepatic disorders

2

0

4

0.033

0

0.087

I

Mavi çiçekTUR

Satali bitki TUR

Citrus limon (L.) Osbeck (Rutaceae) 31/Pz/2013

C

LimunBOG

Fruits

Lemon juice mixed with sugar

Anti-tussive, bronchitis

0

6

3

0

0.188

0.065

I

LimonTUR

Cornus mas L. (Cornaceae) 23/Pz/2013

W

ThanaALB

Fruits

Infusion

Anti-anemic,

0

5

1

0.148

0.656

0.304

I

DreniljeBOG

Anti-hypertensive,

5

3

6

DirninaTUR

Anti-diarrheal,

0

4

2

Anti-malarial,

 

1

1

Anti-emetic in early stage of

2

  

pregnancy (for morning sickness),

 

5

2

Improve immunity,

2

  

Anti-hemorrhoidal

0

2

1

 

1

1

Corylus avellana L. (Betulaceae) 24/Pz/2013

W

LejthıALB

Leaves

Infusion

Anti-tussive,

0

2

1

0

0.18

0.022

I

Adi findikTUR

Antacid,

0

3

0

Hepatic disorders

0

1

0

Cotinus coggygria Scop. (Anacardiaceae) 64/Pz/2013

W

RujTUR

Leaves

Infusion

Stomach disorders,

0

0

2

0

0

0.174

I

Boyaci sumakTUR

Kidney disorders,

0

0

1

Anti-diarrheal

0

0

4

Fruits

Infusion

Anti-diarrheal

0

0

1

    

Crataegus monogyna Jacq. (Rosaceae) 18/Pz/2013 05/Pz/11

W

MurriziALB

Fruits

Infusion

Improve blood circulation,

27

21

18

1.279

2.406

1.174

I

GllogBOG

Anti-hypertensive,

22

20

12

Adi aliçTUR

Neurorelaxant

2

6

1

 

Leaves and flowers

Infusion

Anti-hypertensive,

12

20

12

    

Anti-diabetic,

2

6

2

Anti-cholesterolemic

13

4

9

Cucumis sativus L. (Cucurbitaceae) 26/Pz/2013

C

KastravecALB

Fruits and seeds

Eaten fresh

Kidney disorders,

4

3

0

0.131

0.375

0

I

KastravacBOG

Improve blood circulation,

3

7

0

Improve skin vitality,

1

1

0

Eye disorders

0

1

0

Cucumis melo L. (Cucurbitaceae) 25/Pz/2013

C

PjepniALB

Fruits

Eaten fresh

Infection of digestive system

4

0

0

0.066

0

0

I

Cydonia oblonga Mill. (Rosaceae)

C

FtuaALB

Leaves

Infusion

Anti-diarrheal

7

4

0

0.115

0.125

0

I

DunjaBOG

Dryopteris filix-mas (L.) Schott (Dryopteridaceae)

W

PapratBOG

Leaves

Infusion

Anti-parasitic

0

2

0

0

0.063

0

I

Equisetum arvense L. (Equisetaceae) 07/Pz/11

W

Konksi repBOG

Aerial parts

Infusion

Hepatic disorders,

0

2

0

0

0.281

0

I

Kidney infections and pain

0

7

0

Euphorbia amygdaloides L. (Euphorbiaceae)

W

Mali mleqBOG

Latex

Topically used

Warts

0

3

0

0

0.094

0

I

Foeniculum vulgare Mill. (Apiaceae) 32/Pz/2013

W

KopërALB RezeneBOG

Fruits

Infusion

Eye disorders,

0

2

0

0.197

0.375

0.130

I

AnasonTUR

Galactogogue,

0

1

1

Spasmolytic

12

9

5

Fragaria vesca L. (Rosaceae)

W

DredhzaALB

Fruits

Infusion

Digestive, Spasmolytic

2

0

3

0.082

0

0.174

I

Divla jagodaBOG

3

0

5

Fumaria officinalis L. (Papaveraceae) 33/Pz/2013

W

ShatereTUR

Aerial parts

Infusion

Diuretic,

0

2

3

0

0.188

0.087

I

Relaxant,

0

1

1

Anti-hypertensive

0

3

0

Galium verum L. (Rubiaceae) 35/Pz/2013

W

/

Aerial parts

Infusion

Kidney disorders,

0

0

2

0

0

0.130

I

Skin regeneration

0

0

4

Gentiana lutea L. (Gentianaceae) 34/Pz/2013

W

GecianaALB

Roots

Infusion

Digestive disorders,

5

12

0

0.180

0.375

0

I

LincuraBOG

Flavor additive for alcoholic beverage

6

0

0

Geranium sanguineum L. (Geraniaceae)

W

ZdrvacBOG

Aerial parts

Infusion

Respiratory disorders, laryngitis

0

3

0

0

0.094

0

I

Helianthus annuus L. (Asteraceae)

C

Lule djellıALB

Seeds

Extracted with animal fat

Skin infections

6

5

0

0.098

0.156

0

I

SuncokretBOG

Hordeum vulgare Jess. (Poaceae)

C

ElbiALB

Seeds

Flour, mixed with oil

Wound healing

5

0

2

0.082

0

0.043

I

JeçmenikTUR

Arpa elbiTUR

Humulus lupulus L. (Cannabaceae) 37/Pz/2013

W

Bari sherbetitALB

Aerial parts

Infusion

Insomnia,

3

3

1

0.180

0.563

0.217

I

Amel brumitTUR

Appetizing,

2

5

2

AmelTUR

Neurorelaxant

0

2

2

 

Fruits

Infusion

Insomnia,

6

5

3

    

Diuretic,

0

3

1

Prostate disorders

0

0

1

Hypericum perforatum L. (Hypericaceae) 36/Pz/2013 08/Pz/11

W

KantarioniALB

Aerial parts

Infusion

Anti-anemic, Wound healing, Anticoagulant, Neurorelaxant, Antacid

0

4

0

0.475

1.844

0

I

KantarionBOG

12

32

0

0

1

0

16

21

0

1

1

0

Inula sp. (Asteraceae)

W

OmaniTUR

Roots

Infusion

Anti-tussive, Bile simulation, Diuretic

0

0

2

0

0

0.130

I

Safra otiTUR

0

0

3

0

0

1

Juglans regia L. (Juglandaceae) 40/Pz/2013

C

ArraALB

Fruits

Eaten

Anti-parasitic, Thyroid disorders

3

0

0

0.115

0

0

I

4

0

0

Juncus effusus L. (Juncaceae)

W

XukllaTUR

Aerial parts

Infusion

Urinary tract disorders

0

0

3

0

0

0.065

I

Juniperus communis L. (Cupressaceae) 39/Pz/2013

W

GëllijaALB

Wood

Extracted with oil, topically used in skin

Anti-fungal, Skin depigmentation

6

17

5

0.623

2.094

0.696

I

KlekaBOG

2

11

2

ArdeqTUR

 

Fruits

Extracted with alcohols

Anti-rheumatic

5

3

0

    

Infusion

Tuberculosis,

6

2

9

    

Anti-rheumatic,

3

11

5

Lithontriptic,

9

21

11

Anti-asthmatic,

4

1

0

Anti-diabetic

3

1

0

Lactuca sativa L. (Asteraceae) 41/Pz/2013

C

SallataALB

Aerial parts

Eaten fresh

Headache,

0

0

2

0

0

0.043

I

MarrolliTUR

Galactogogue

0

0

4

Leonurus cardiaca L. (Lamiaceae)

W

Ayslan kuyrguTUR

Aerial parts

Infusion

Cardiotonic,

0

0

3

0

0

0.065

I

Improve blood circulation,

0

0

2

Memory enhancement

0

0

4

Lycoperdon sp. (Agaricaceae) 60/Pz/2013

W

PufkaALB

Powder

Topically applied

Wound healing, Hemostatic

4

1

0

0.066

0.031

0

I

MantariBOG

8

4

0

Lycopodium clavatum L. (Lycopodiaceae)

W

Bari qibrititALB

Aerial parts

Topically applied to skin

Anti-microbial

2

0

0

0.033

0

0

I

Infusion

Hepatitis

1

0

0

    

Malva sylvestris L. (Malvaceae) 44/Pz/2013

W

MullagaALB

Aerial parts

Extracted with fat (melhem)

Wound healing,

3

5

2

0.262

0.250

0.283

I

Mali slez BOG

Anti-acne

5

2

0

Ebe gumeciTUR

 

Flowers

Infusion

Anti-tussive,

2

1

3

    

Bronchitis,

2

0

4

Antimicrobial

4

0

4

Mespilus germanica L. (Rosaceae) 47/Pz/2013

C

MushmollaALB

Aerial parts

Infusion

Anti-diarrheal,

4

0

0

0.115

0

0

I

Anti-diabetic,

2

0

0

Ear disorders

1

0

0

Melissa officinalis L. (Lamiaceae) 42/Pz/2013

W

Bari i bletësALB

Aerial parts

Infusion

Neurorelaxant,

3

8

5

0.475

0.406

0.413

I

MatoqınaBOG

Headache,

3

1

4

MolshvatravaBOG

Anti-hypertensive,

2

0

1

Appetizing,

6

0

1

Improve blood circulation,

   

Bronchitis,

3

0

1

Anti-anemic,

7

2

3

Anti-hallucinogenic,

0

1

3

Respiratory disorders

5

1

1

Mentha longifolia (L.) Huds. (Lamiaceae) 45/Pz/2013

C

Çaj nanaALB NanaBOG

Aerial parts

Infusion

Stomach disorders,

0

3

0

0.311

0.75

0

I

Carminative,

3

4

0

Influenza,

2

6

0

Respiratory system infections,

8

9

0

Anti-tussive,

4

1

0

Expectorant

2

1

0

Mentha pulegium L. (Lamiaceae) 46/Pz/2013

W

Divla mentaBOG

Aerial parts

Infusion

Neurorelaxant,

0

3

0

0

0.625

0

I

Improve blood circulation,

0

7

0

Respiratory system infections,

0

9

0

Antitussive

0

1

0

Momordica charantia L. (Cucurbitaceae)

50/Pz/2013

C

Kudret nareTUR

Fruits

Mixed with oil –internal use

Wound healing,

0

0

7

0

0

0.435

I

Sari kadakTUR

Anti-diabetic,

0

0

1

Anti-cancer

0

0

4

 

Mixed with oil - topically applied

Vulnerary for burn wounds

0

0

8

    

Morus alba L. (Moraceae) 49/Pz/2013

C

Mani i bardheALB

Leaves

Infusion

Anti-diabetic

0

0

4

0

0

0.087

I

AkdutTUR

Morus nigra L. (Moraceae) 48/Pz/2013

C

Mani i ziALB

Fruits

Eaten fresh

Infections of upper part of respiratory system

3

0

5

0.148

0

0.196

I

DutTUR

KaradutTUR

 

Leaves

Infusion

Anti-pyretic, Diuretic

6

0

4

    

Ocimum basilicum L. (Lamiaceae) 51/Pz/2013

C

BosiljakBOG

Aerial parts

Infusion

Carminative,

0

3

0

0

0.219

0

I

Kidney infections,

0

1

0

Tuberculosis

0

3

0

Olea europaea L. (Oleaceae) 15/Pz/11

C

UlliniALB

Fruits

Eaten fresh

Tuberculosis, Spasmolytic

0

1

0

0.131

0.219

0.283

I

MaslinaBOG

6

5

2

Zejtın tanesiTUR

 

Leaves

Infusion

Improve blood circulation,

0

1

5

    

Anti-diabetic,

1

0

3

Anti-hypertensive

1

0

3

Orchis morio L. (Orchidaceae) 53/Pz/2013

W

SalepBOG

Tubers

Infusion

Influenza,

0

2

1

0

0.219

0.043

I

SahlepTUR

Stomach disorders,

0

1

1

Wound healing

0

4

0

Origanum vulgare L. (Lamiaceae) 52/Pz/2013

W

Çaj maliALB

Aerial parts

Infusion

Anti-tussive,

6

4

2

0.279

0.750

0.304

I

OriganoBOG

Influenza,

2

3

1

ToqillaTUR

Respiratory system infections

9

17

11

Petroselinum crispum (Mill.) Fuss (Apiaceae) 61/Pz/2013

C

MajdanozALB

Aerial parts

Infusion

Anti-cholesterolemic

2

0

4

0.148

0

0.304

I

MagdenozTUR

Anti-diabetic,

4

0

1

Galactogogue,

2

0

5

Anticoagulant

1

0

4

Phaseolus vulgaris L. (Fabaceae) 62/Pz/2013

C

PasulALB

Aerial parts

Infusion

Anti-diabetic

2

0

3

0.033

0

0.065

I

Jer pasulTUR

Pimpinella anisum L. (Apiaceae)

C

Bati i gjinitALB AnasonTUR

Aerial parts

Infusion

Spasmolytic,

0

0

5

0

0

0.283

I

Carminative,

0

0

5

Anti-ageing,

0

0

2

Galactogogue

0

0

1

Pinus nigra J.F. Arnold. (Pinaceae)

W/C

PishaALB

Resin

Extracted with oil

Skin infections

3

0

6

0.049

0

0.130

I

Kara qamTUR

Plantago major L. (Plantaginaceae) 54/Pz/2013

W

DejziALB

Leaves

Infusion

Wound healing

0

6

0

0

0.313

0

I

BokvicaBOG

Arial parts

Infusion

Skin infections

0

3

0

    

Zenska bokvicaBOG

Flowers

Infusion

Digestive and urinary disorders

0

1

0

    

Polygonum aviculare L. (Polygonaceae)

W

BarthekALB

Aerial parts

Infusion

Urinary system disorders,

2

0

4

0.082

0

0.109

I

KusekmeziTUR

Anti-coagulant

3

0

1

TroketTUR

Populus alba L. (Salicaceae)

W

PlepiALB

Aerial parts

Topically uses

Wound healing

0

0

3

0

0

0.087

I

Ak kavakTUR

Leaves

Infusion

Urinary tract disorders

0

0

1

    

Beyaz kavakTUR

Primula veris L. (Primulaceae) 56/Pz/2013

W

Myzhdja e pranverësALB

Flowers

Infusion

Headache,

0

2

1

0.508

1.094

0.543

I

JaglikaBOG

Anti-tussive,

11

14

9

Zuti vetBOG

Respiratory system disorders,

14

7

9

JagorcevinaBOG

Improve blood circulation

3

1

1

Quha çicegiTUR

Aerial parts

Infusion

Anti-tussive,

2

4

0

    

Expectorant,

1

6

4

Bronchitis

0

1

1

Prunus avium L. (Rosaceae)

C

QershiaALB

Fruits

Decoction

Anti-hypertensive,

2

0

0

0.262

0

0

I

Improve blood circulation,

5

0

0

Anti-bacterial,

3

0

0

Digestive tract disorders

1

0

0

Resin

Topically used

Scabies

5

0

0

    

Prunus domestica L. (Rosaceae) 55/Pz/2013

C

SljivaBOG

Fruits

Decoction

Hepatic disorders,

0

1

0

0

0.438

0

I

Anti-hemorrhoidal,

0

5

0

Anti-parasitic,

0

2

0

Constipation

0

6

0

Prunus spinosa L. (Rosaceae)

W

KulumrijaALB

Flowers

Infusion

Constipation

0

3

1

0.131

0

0.065

I

TerninaBOG

Fruits

Infusion

Anti-diabetic,

7

2

4

    

KurumliaTUR

Hepatic disorders

0

1

1

 

Leaves

Infusion

Improve digestion,

1

1

2

    

Appetizing

0

2

1

Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn. (Dennstaedtiaceae)

W

FiriALB

Leaves

Extracted with oil

Wound healing

0

0

3

0

0

0.065

I

Qiban otuTUR

Pulmonaria officinalis L. (Boraginaceae)

W

Bar ı mushkerıveALB PluqnjakBOG

Aerial parts

Infusion

Anti-tussive,

1

3

0

0.016

0.125

0

I

Bronchitis

0

1

0

Pyrus communis L. (Rosaceae) 58/Pz/2013

W

DardhaALB

Fruits

Infusion

Cardiotonic,

0

3

0

0

0.125

0.043

I

Dardha egerALB

Hepatic disorders

0

1

2

ArmutTUR

Raphanus sativus L. (Brassicaceae) 63/Pz/2013

C

RotkvaBOG

Taproot

Infusion

Digestive system infections,

0

2

0

0

0.375

0

I

CveklaBOG

Bronchitis,

0

4

0

Anti-anemic,

0

1

0

Anti-rheumatic

0

5

0

Ribes rubrum L. (Grossulariaceae)

C

RibizlaBOG

Fruits

Infusion

Anti-rheumatic,

0

3

0

0

0.344

0

I

Anti-malarial,

0

1

0

Anti-allergic,

0

2

0

Heart disorders

0

5

0

Robinia pseudoacacia L. (Fabaceae) 68/Pz/2013

W

BagremiALB

Flowers

Infusion

Skin infections

3

0

2

0.049

0

0.043

I

AkasyaTUR

Rosa canina L. (Rosaceae) 67/Pz/2013

W

KaçaALB

Fruits

Infusion

Improve immunity,

3

1

0

0.328

0.594

0

I

ShipakBOG

Hepatic disorders,

1

2

0

SipurakBOG

Anti-anaemic,

1

5

0

Influenza,

6

3

0

Digestive tract disorders.

9

8

0

Rubia tinctorum L. (Rubiaceae)

W

CrvenkaBOG

Aerial parts

Infusion

Kidney disorders,

0

3

0

0

0.281

0

I

Skeletal disorders, tuberculosis

0

1

0

“Saraxha” (cutaneous tuberculosis)

0

5

0

Rubus fruticosus L. (Rosaceae) 65/Pz/2013

W

ManaALB

Aerial parts

Infusion

Anti-anemic,

0

3

0

0

1.031

0

I

KupinaBOG

Improve blood circulation,

0

1

0

Anti-hypertensive,

0

4

0

Wound healing

0

3

0

Anti-diabetic,

0

4

0

Antimycotic

0

1

0

Fruits

Infusion

Anti-anemic,

0

4

0

    

Anti- diarrheal,

0

1

0

Kidney infections,

0

2

0

Oral cavity infections,

0

5

0

Hypertensive,

0

2

0

Anti-parasitic,

0

1

0

Anti-tussive

0

2

0

Rubus idaeus L. (Rosaceae) 66/Pz/2013

W

MjedraALB

Leaves

Infusion

Improve blood circulation,

0

5

0

0

1.188

0

I

MalinaBOG

Anti-hypertensive,

0

5

0

Anti-diarrheal,

0

3

0

Anti-tussive,

0

2

0

Anti-pyretic,

0

1

0

Oral cavity infections

0

5

0

Roots

Infusion

Anti-hypertensive,

0

3

0

    

Wound healing

0

4

0

Fruits

Infusion

Dysentery,

0

1

0

    

Tonsillitis,

0

3

0

Digestive disorders

0

2

0

Flowers

Extracted with olive oil

To treated skin wounds caused by insects and snakes

0

4

0

    

Salix alba L. (Salicaceae) 70/Pz/2013

W

VrbaBOG

Leaves

Infusion

Hepatic disorders

0

3

0

0

0.313

0

I

Cortex

Infusion

Antipyretic,

0

5

0

    

Analgesic

0

2

0

Salvia officinalis L. (Lamiaceae)

C

ZalfijaBOG

Aerial parts

Infusion, then added honey

Tonsillitis and other infection of respiratory system,

0

7

0

0

0.344

0

I

Anti-diabetic

0

2

0

Antiperspirant

0

2

0

Sambucus nigra L. (Adoxaceae) 69/Pz/2013

W

ShtoguALB

Flowers

Infusion

Bronchitis,

14

7

15

0.787

1.250

0.891

I

ZovaBOG

Anti-tussive,

8

5

3

Bos zovaBOG

Expectorant, Antiperspirant,

3

7

8

MurverTUR

Anti-halitosis,

2

1

4

ForbozTUR

Influenza,

0

1

4

Anti-asthmatic,

6

8

2

Stomach disorders,

9

4

1

Urinary tract disorders

4

1

1

 

1

1

1

Extracted with fish oil

Anti-anemic, Improve immunity

0

3

1

    

Extracted with oil – topically used

Vulnerary for burns, skin infections

1

2

1

    

Satureja montana L. (Lamiaceae) 19/Pz/11

W

CubarTUR

Aerial parts

Infusion

Spasmolytic,

0

5

0

0

0.563

0

I

CurbiceBOG

Anti-diabetic,

0

2

0

Anti-parasitic,

0

2

0

Respiratory tract infections,

0

5

0

Anti-tussive,

0

2

0

Expectorant

0

2

0

Scrophularia nodosa L. (Scrophulariaceae)

W

/

Aerial parts

Topically applied

“Saraxha” (cutaneous tuberculosis), Tuberculosis

0

3

2

0

0.094

0.043

I

Sempervivum tectorum L. (Crassulaceae) 71/Pz/2013

W

Bar veshiALB

Leaves

Extracted with fat (cow or pig fat) - topically applied

Wound healing

6

3

0

0.279

0.531

0

I

CuvarkucaBOG

Juice from fresh leaves, 2–3 drops

Earache, ear infections

11

14

0

    

Symphytum officinale L. (Boraginaceae) 73/Pz/2013

W

Crni gavezBOG GanezTUR

Roots

Extracted with fat

Wound healing

0

4

2

0

0.188

0.109

I

Extracted with wine

Anticoagulant

0

2

3

    

Tanacetum vulgare L. (Asteraceae) 75/Pz/2013

W

Pire otuTURR

Seeds

Infusion

Anti-parasitic (intestinal parasites),

0

0

3

0

0

0.304

I

Anti-rheumatic

0

0

2

Flowers

Powder

Insect repellent, anti-parasitic

0

0

4

    

Aerial parts

Infusion

Digestive tract disorders,

0

0

2

    

Anti-hemorrhoidal,

0

0

1

Eczema

0

0

2

Taraxacum officinale F.H. Wigg. (Asteraceae)84/Pz/2013

W

Tamëlçak i

Flowers

Infusion

Hepatitis

2

1

0

0.295

0.375

0.304

I

livadhitALB

Aerial parts

Infusion

Improve blood circulation,

7

4

9

    

MaslacakBOG

KaraındıbaTUR

Digestive tract disorders,

3

5

1

Urinary tract disorders,

1

1

1

Anti-anemic.

5

1

3

Teucrium chamaedrys L. (Lamiaceae) 79/Pz/2013

W

MamudiaBOG

Aerial parts

Infusion

Appetizing,

0

2

0

0

0.250

0

I

Stomachache,

0

4

0

Anti- diarrheal,

0

1

0

Anti-hemorrhoidal

0

1

0

Teucrium polium L. (Lamiaceae) 78/Pz/2013

W

Bar saraxhaALB

Aerial parts

Mixed with fat

Tuberculosis,

2

2

0

0.131

0.281

0

I

Bar majasiliALB

“Saraxha” (cutaneous tuberculosis)

4

2

0

PodobicaBOG

Infusion

Anti-hemorrhoidal,

1

1

0

    

igestive tract disorders,

1

3

0

Stomachache

0

1

0

Thymus serpyllum L. (Lamiaceae) 76/Pz/2013

W

Majcina dusicaBOG

Aerial parts

Infusion

Improve blood circulation,

3

5

2

1.525

2.5

1.087

I

Qeklik otiTUR

Anticholesterolemic,

1

2

0

Respiratory inflammations,

21

26

16

Immunostimulant,

4

0

2

Neurorelaxant,

11

5

3

Carminative,

19

22

13

Spasmolytic,

13

9

12

Bronchitis,

16

6

1

Anti-asthmatic,

2

4

1

Expectorant

3

1

0

Thymus vulgaris L. (Lamiaceae) 77/Pz/2013

W

Majcina dusicaBOG

Aerial parts

Infusion

Anti-tussive,

0

3

0

0

0.281

0

I

Anti-cholesterolemic

0

6

0

Typha latifolia L. (Typhaceae) 82/Pz/2013

W

ShavarALB

Fruits

Infusion

Respiratory system inflammations

0

0

3

0

0

0.065

I

HubaboTUR

Tilia platyphyllos Scop. (Malvaceae) 80/Pz/2013

W/C

BliniALB

Flowers

Infusion

Respiratory system inflammations,

8

13

8

0.689

1.469

0.804

I

LipaBOG

FlamurTUR

Anti-anemic,

2

5

4

IlhamurTUR

Stomach infections,

9

3

5

 

Headache,

1

0

1

Anti-tussive

2

0

1

Leaves and Flowers

Infusion

Anti-tussive,

2

4

6

    

Expectorant,

1

3

1

Respiratory system inflammations

17

19

11

Trifolium arvense L. (Fabaceae)

W/C

TërfojaALB

Aerial part

Infusion

Anti-rheumatic

0

6

0

0

0.188

0

I

DeklinaBOG

Triticum vulgare L. (Poaceae) 74/Pz/2013

W

GruniALB

Flour

Mixed with hot water – topically used

Skin inflammation and ulcers

0

0

4

0

0

0.087

I

BogdayTUR

Mixed with hot water – internal used

Anti-diarrheal

0

0

2

    

Tussilago farfara L. (Asteraceae) 83/Pz/2013

W

PotbelBOG

Aerial parts

Infusion

Expectorant,

0

7

0

0

0.313

0

I

Anti-tussive

0

3

0

Ulmus minor Mill. (Ulmaceae)

86/Pz/2013

W

VidhiALB

Leaves

Extracted with fat

Anti-mycotic,

11

0

7

0.197

0

0.217

I

KarragaqTUR

Anti-bacterial, “Saraxha” (cutaneous tuberculosis).

1

0

3

Urtica dioica L. (Urticaceae) 85/Pz/2013

W

HithiALB

Aerial parts

Infusion

Anti-hemorrhoidal,

3

1

5

1.820

3.094

1.652

II

KoprivaBOG

Anti-anemic,

32

21

11

YakiciTUR

Influenza,

12

10

6

Anti-cancer,

1

0

0

Eczemas,

3

7

9

Bronchitis,

11

19

14

Headache,

1

3

1

Anti-rheumatic,

9

4

6

Anti-bacterial,

12

19

13

Alopecia,

5

1

1

Anti-dandruff,

18

12

9

Digestive disorders

2

1

1

Urinary disorders

2

1

0

Vaccinium myrtillus L. (Ericaceae) 87/Pz/2013

W

BoronıcaALB

Fruits

Juice of fresh fruits

Digestive tract infections,

6

9

5

0.984

1.563

1.152

I

BorovnicaALB

Anti-anemic,

25

21

11

Eye inflammations,

1

0

5

Hepatitis,

0

0

3

Digestive disorders,

0

1

3

Urinary disorders

1

1

1

Fruits and leaves

Infusion

Lithontriptic,

4

2

7

    

Respiratory inflammations,

6

5

3

Anti-anemic

17

11

15

Vaccinium vitis-idaea L. (Ericaceae)

W

BrusnicaBOG

Leaves

Infusion

Urinary inflammations

0

14

0

0

2.094

0

I

Anti-rheumatic

0

3

0

Fruits

Infusion

Urinary tract infections

0

21

0

    

Fruits and leaves

Infusion

Lithontriptic,

0

11

0

    

Diuretic,

0

6

0

Anti-rheumatic,

0

1

0

Wound healing,

0

3

0

Antipyretic,

0

1

0

Anti-diabetic,

0

6

0

Anticonvulsant

0

1

0

Veratrum album L. (Melanthiaceae)

W

ShtaraALB

Aerial parts

Infusion

Anti-hypertensive.

3

5

0

0.049

0.156

0

I

CemenikaBOG

Verbascum sp. (Scrophulariaceae) 89/Pz/2013

W

DivizmaBOG DivizaTUR

Aerial parts

Infusion and Mixed with fat “mehlem”

Anti-tussive,

0

2

1

0

0.250

0.087

I

Bronchitis,

0

5

2

Sigir kuyruguTUR

Digestive tract disorders

0

1

1

Veronica officinalis L. (Plantaginaceae) 88/Pz/2013

W

Paskalya otuTUR

Leaves

Infusion

Anticoagulant,

0

0

3

0

0

0.196

I

Yavshan otuTUR

Respiratory system inflammations,

00

0

2

Wound healing

 

0

4

Vitis vinifera L. (Vitaceae) 90/Pz/2013

C

RrushıALB

Leaves

Infusion

Increase immunity,

4

1

0

0.311

0.438

0.435

I

GrozhgjeBOG

Hepatitis

2

1

3

Siyah üzümTUR

 

Fruits

Eaten fresh

Anti-anemic,

3

4

2

    

Hepatic disorders,

1

2

3

Urinary system inflammations

6

2

1

Juice of fruits (semi fermented)

Internal used

Anti-anemic,

1

1

10

    

Anti-cholesterolemic

2

3

1

Zea mays L. (Poaceae) 92/Pz/2013

C

MisriALB

Female flower

Infusion

Urinary tract inflammations,

2

0

3

0.115

0

0.152

I

KollomoqALB

Edema,

1

0

1

KollomoqiTUR

Stomach disorders,

2

0

0

Anti-parasitic

1

0

0

Ripe seeds

Infusion

Anti-parasitic

1

0

3

    
  1. a Folk Names. ALBfolk name(s) recorded among Albanians; BOGfolk name(s) recorded among Bosniaks/Gorani; TURfolk name(s) recorded among Turks
  2. b Alb N uc : Number of use citations provided by Albanian informants; Bo/Go N uc : Number of use citations provided by Bosnian and Gorani informants; Tur N uc : Number of use citations provided by Turkish informants.
  3. c UV Alb : Use-value for one species by the Albanian group; UV Bo/Go : Use-value for one species by the Bosniaks and Gorani; UV Tur : Use-value for one species by the Turkish group. This index measures the relative importance of each species based on its reported use by informants from each cultural group under study.
  4. d Q: Quadrant assignments are based on adjusted use-values (UVadj), which were calculated by dividing the use-value (UV) of each group by the maximum use-value (UVmax) for medicinal citations (UVadj not shown).
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Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine

ISSN: 1746-4269

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