Table 1 List of major uses of medicinal plants cited by more than five traditional healers
From: Ethnomedicinal plants used by traditional healers in Phatthalung Province, Peninsular Thailand
Scientific name/voucher number | Local name | Taste | Ailments treated / uses | Parts used / form of administration |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Magnoliids | ||||
Annonaceae | ||||
1. Goniothalamus macrophyllus (Blume) Hook. f. & Thomson (N. Saedan & C. Khuniad 096) | Chingdokdiao | hot | alleviates body pain, flatulence, suffers from general fatigue | root / decoction / int |
Piperaceae | ||||
2. Piper chaba Hunt (Y. Teanuan & S. Prom- In 099) | Di pli | hot | flatulence, strengthens the body elements | fruit / decoction / int |
3. Piper sarmentosum Roxb. (Y. Teanuan & S. Prom- In 048) | Cha phlu | hot | flatulence, strengthens the body elements, paralysis | root / decoction / int |
Eudicots | ||||
Acanthaceae | ||||
4. Andrographis paniculata (Burm. f.) Wall. ex Nees/(N. Saedan & C. Khuniad 008) | Fa thalai chon | bitter | fever | whole plant/juice, decoction/int |
5. Clinacanthus nutans (Burm. f.) Lindau (N. Saedan & C. Khuniad 006) | Phaya yo | bland | poisonous animal bites, antidote, canker | leaf/ juice, decoction / ext |
6. Justicia adhatoda L. (Y. Teanuan & S. Prom- In 024) | Sa niat | bitter | eliminates sputum, cough, fever | leaf /juice, decoction / int |
7. Rhinacanthus nasutus (L.) Kurz (N. Saedan & C. Khuniad 004) | Thongphanchang | nauseating | skin diseases, eczema, scabies | leaf/ paste / ext |
8. Thunbergia laurifolia Lindl. | Rang chuet | bland | antidote, skin irritation | leaf / juice / int, ext |
Amaranthaceae | ||||
9. Alternanthera bettzickiana (Regel) G. Nicholson (Y. Teanuan & S. Prom- In 090) | Phak pet daeng | bland | arthritis, improves blood circulation, emmenagogue, menstrual cramps | whole plant/ decoction / int |
Apiaceae | ||||
10. Centella asiatica (L.) Urb. (Y. Teanuan & S. Prom- In 063) | Bua bok | bitter | thirst, fever, skin swelling | whole plant / paste / int, ext |
Asteraceae | ||||
11. Acmella oleracea (L.) R. K. Jansen (Y. Teanuan & S. Prom- In 010) | Phak khrat hua wan | hot | toothache | fruit / juice / int |
12. Blumea balsamifera (L.) DC. (N. Saedan & C. Khuniad 014) | Nat yai | aromatic | promotes blood flow, flatulence, itching | leaf/ decoction / int |
13. Chromolaena odoratum (L.) R. M. King & H. Rob. (W. Wongwiwat & S. Pinsook 008) | Sap suea | nauseating | stops bleeding, peptic ulcer | leaf/paste, decoction /int, ext |
14. Eclipta prostrata (L.) L. (Y. Teanuan & S. Prom- In 088) | Ka meng | nauseating | stops bleeding, skin diseases, cervical diseases | whole plant /paste, decoction / int |
15. Elephantopus scaber L. (N. Saedan & C. Khuniad 097) | Do mai ru lom | bland | tonifies the muscles | whole plant / decoction / int |
16. Pluchea indica (L.) Less. (Y. Teanuan & S. Prom- In 025) | Khlu | bland | diuretic | leaf/ decoction / int |
17. Vernonia cinerea (L.) Less. (N. Saedan & C. Khuniad 009) | Ya dok khao | bland | smoking cessation, alleviates body pain, fever | whole plant /smoking, decoction / int |
Capparidaceae | ||||
18. Capparis micracantha DC. (Y. Teanuan & S. Prom- In 019) | Chingchi | bitter | fever, strengthens the body elements | root / decoction / int |
Clusiaceae | ||||
19. Garcinia mangostana L. (Y. Teanuan & S. Prom- In 020) | Mang khut | astringent | skin diseases, intestinal infection | pericarp / juice, decoction / ext, int |
Cucurbitaceae | ||||
20. Coccinia grandis (L.) Voigt (Y. Teanuan & S. Prom- In 111) | Tamlueng | bland | poisonous animal bites, fever | leaf / juice / ext |
21. Gymnopetalum chinense (Lour.) Merr. (Y. Teanuan & S. Prom- In 094) | Kadom | bitter | fever, tonifies the liver | fruit / decoction / int |
22. Momordica charantia L. (Y. Teanuan & S. Prom- In 095) | Mara khinok | bitter | fever, appetizer, tonifies the liver | fruit / decoction / int |
Euphorbiaceae | ||||
23. Croton roxburghii N. P. Balakr. (Y. Teanuan & S. Prom- In 102) | Plao yai | hot | alleviates body pain, flatulence, prevention of fever after parturition | wood / decoction / int |
24. Croton tiglium L. (Y. Teanuan & S. Prom- In 071) | Salot | hot | diuretic, hemorrhoids, constipation | root, seed oil / decoction / int |
25. Croton stellatopilosus Ohba (Y. Teanuan & S. Prom- In 011) | Plao noi | hot | flatulence, peptic ulcer, stomachache | wood / decoction / int |
26. Excoecaria oppositifolia Griff. (N. Saedan & C. Khuniad 023) | Fai duean ha | hot | menstrual problems | wood / decoction / int |
27. Shirakiopsis indica (Willd.) Esser (N. Saedan & C. Khuniad 025) | Samo thale | sour | constipation | fruit / decoction / int |
Fabaceae | ||||
28. Abrus precatorius L. (N. Saedan & C. Khuniad 026) | Ma klam khruea | sour | fever, sore throat | root / decoction / int |
29. Albizia myriophylla Benth. (W. Wongwiwat & S. Pinsook 096) | Cha em thai | sweet | strengthens the body in general, sore throat | root, wood / decoction / int |
30. Cassia fistula L. (Y. Teanuan & S. Prom- In 100) | Ratcha phruek | sweet | fever, constipation, eliminates sputum (mixed with bitter salt for constipation) | fruit, pulp / decoction / int |
31. Caesalpinia major (Medik.) Dandy & Exell (W. Wongwiwat & S. Pinsook 126) | Sa wat | nauseating | expels worms | leaf / decoction / int |
32. Derris scandens (Roxb.) Benth. (N. Saedan & C. Khuniad 027) | Thaowanpriang | nauseating | alleviates body pain | wood / decoction / int |
33. Mimosa pudica L. (Y. Teanuan & S. Prom- In 014) | Maiyarap | bland | fever, measles, chickenpox | whole plant / decoction / int |
34. Senna alata (L.) Roxb. (N. Saedan & C. Khuniad 028) | Chumhet thet | nauseating | skin diseases, constipation | leaf / paste / ext; inflorescence / decoction / int |
35. Senna tora (L.) Roxb. (Y. Teanuan & S. Prom- In 029) | Chumhet thai | nauseating | constipation, skin diseases, appetizer, insomnia | whole plant / decoction / int |
36. Tamarindus indica L. (Y. Teanuan & S. Prom- In 147) | Ma kham | sour | eliminates sputum, improves blood flow, constipation, cold in children | fruit / decoction / int |
Gentianaceae | ||||
37. Fagraea fragrans Roxb. | Kan krao | bitter | fever | wood / decoction / int |
Lamiaceae | ||||
38. Clerodendrum petasites (Lour.) S. Moore (Y. Teanuan & S. Prom- In 137) | Mai thoa yai mom | bitter | fever, constipation | root / decoction / int |
39. Clerodendrum serratum (L.) Moon (N. Saedan & C. Khuniad 022) | Ak khi thawan | bitter | hemorrhoids, itching | leaf / decoction / int |
40. Ocimum americanum L. (Y. Teanuan & S. Prom- In 116) | Mang lak | aromatic | flatulence, increases milk production | leaf / decoction / int |
41. Ocimum basilicum L. (Y. Teanuan & S. Prom- In 117) | Horapha | aromatic | flatulence, increases milk production | leaf / decoction / int |
42. Ocimum tenuiflorum L. (Y. Teanuan & S. Prom- In 115) | Ka phrao daeng | aromatic | flatulence, dizziness, asthma in children | leaf / decoction / int, ext |
43. Orthosiphon aristatus (Blume) Miq. (Y. Teanuan & S. Prom- In 152) | Ya nuat maeo | bland | diuretic | whole plant / decoction / int |
Lythraceae | ||||
44. Punica granatum L. (Y. Teanuan & S. Prom- In 139) | Thap thim | astringent | dysentery, diarrhea | pericarp / decoction / int |
Malvaceae | ||||
45. Sida rhombifolia L. (Y. Teanuan & S. Prom- In 028) | Khat mon | fat | severe fever, liver diseases, alleviates body pain | whole plant / decoction / int |
Menispermaceae | ||||
46. Tiliacora triandra (Colebr.) Diels (Y. Teanuan & S. Prom- In 092) | Yanang | bland | fever, antidote | root / decoction / int |
47. Tinospora crispa (L.) Miers ex Hook. f. & Thomson (N. Saedan & C. Khuniad 016) | Bora phet | bitter | promotes blood flow, appetizer, fever, diabetes, reduces body heat, thirst | wood / decoction / int |
Opiliaceae | ||||
48. Lepionurus sylvestris Blume (Y. Teanuan & S. Prom- In 018) | Mak mok | fat | strengthens the body in general, promotes blood flow, alleviates body pain, cervical problems | root / decoction / int |
Phyllanthaceae | ||||
49. Bridelia ovata Decne. (Y. Teanuan & S. Prom- In 076) | Maka | bitter | constipation | leaf / decoction /int |
50. Phyllanthus emblica L. (N. Saedan & C. Khuniad 015) | Ma kham pom | sour | promotes blood flow, eliminates sputum, cough, thirst, mixed with Terminalia chebula Retz. and Terminalia bellirica (Gaertn.) Roxb. for body tonic (Tri pha la) | fruit / decoction / int |
51. Phyllanthus pulcher Wall. ex MÜll. Arg. (W. Wongwiwat & S. Pinsook 094) | Thorani san | bland | fever | root/ decoction / int |
52. Phyllanthus urinaria L. | Ya tai bai | bitter | alleviates body pain, fever | whole plant / decoction / int |
53. Sauropus androgynus (L.) Merr. (Y. Teanuan & S. Prom- In 030) | Phak wan ban | bland | fever, increases milk production | leaf / decoction / in |
Plumbaginaceae | ||||
54. Plumbago indica L. (Y. Teanuan & S. Prom- In 120) | Chetta mun phloeng daeng | hot | strengthens the body elements, emmenagogue | root / decoction / int |
55. Plumbago zeylanica L. (Y. Teanuan & S. Prom- In 073) | Chetta mun phloeng khao | hot | strengthens the body elements, emmenagogue, improves blood flow | root / decoction / int |
Rubiaceae | ||||
56. Mitragyna speciosa (Roxb.) Korth. (Y. Teanuan & S. Prom- In 012) | Kra thom | nauseating | dysentery, diarrhea, skin diseases | leaf / decoction / int/ext |
57. Morinda citrifolia L. (Y. Teanuan & S. Prom- In 078) | Yo ban | aromatic | dizziness | fruit / decoction / int |
58. Morinda elliptica Ridl. (W. Wongwiwat & S. Pinsook 024, 079) | Yo pa | hot | flatulence, women’s diseases | wood / decoction / int |
59. Saprosma brunneum Craib (Y. Teanuan & S. Prom- In 046) | Phahom ton | aromatic | strengthens the body in general, flatulence | whole plant / decoction / int |
Rutaceae | ||||
60. Aegle marmelos (L.) Corrêa ex Roxb. (N. Saedan & C. Khuniad 110) | Matum | fat | strengthens the body elements | fruit / decoction / int |
61. Citrus aurantifolia (Christm.) Swingle (Y. Teanuan & S. Prom- In 132) | Manao | sour | cough, eliminates sputum | fruit / juice / int |
62. Citrus hystrix DC. (Y. Teanuan & S. Prom- In 131) | Makrut | aromatic | flatulence, dizziness, eliminates sputum, improves blood flow | pericarp / decoction / int |
63. Zanthoxylum cf. nitidum (Roxb.) DC. (W. Wongwiwat & S. Pinsook 077) | Phakrut | aromatic | expels worms, diarrhea, toothache | wood / decoction / int |
Sapindaceae | ||||
64. Cardiospermum halicacabum L. (Y. Teanuan & S. Prom- In 042) | Khok kra om | bland | itching | whole plant / juice / ext |
Sapotaceae | ||||
65. Mimusops elengi L. (Y. Teanuan & S. Prom- In 043) | Phikun | aromatic | tonifies the heart, dizziness | flower / decoction / int |
Simaroubaceae | ||||
66. Brucea javanica (L.) Merr. (W. Wongwiwat & S. Pinsook 079) | Ratcha dat | bitter | malaria | whole plant / decoction / int |
67. Eurycoma longifolia Jack (Y. Teanuan & S. Prom- In 111) | Pla lai phueak | bitter | alleviates body pain, fever, malaria | root / decoction / int |
68. Harrisonia perforata (Blanco) Merr. (N. Saedan & C. Khuniad 037) | Khontha | bitter | fever | root / decoction / int |
Solanaceae | ||||
69. Datura metel L. var. metel (Y. Teanuan & S. Prom- In 130) | Lam phong | nauseating | skin diseases | leaf / paste / int |
70. Solanum indicum L. (Y. Teanuan & S. Prom- In 149) | Mawaeng ton | bitter | cough, eliminates sputum | fruit / juice / int |
71. Solanum trilobatum L. (N. Saedan & C. Khuniad 038) | Mawaeng khruea | bitter | cough, eliminates sputum | fruit / juice / int |
Thymelaeaceae | ||||
72. Aquilaria malaccensis Lam. (Y. Teanuan & S. Prom- In 001) | Kritsana | aromatic | tonifies heart, alleviates fatigue, promotes blood flow, fever, strengthens the body in general, dizziness | wood / decoction / int |
Vitaceae | ||||
73. Cissus quadrangularis L. (N. Saedan & C. Khuniad 003) | Phet sangkhat | nauseating | hemorrhoids, sinusitis, intestinal infection | wood / capsule / int |
Monocots | ||||
Acoraceae | ||||
74. Acorus calamus L. (N. Saedan & C. Khuniad 039) | Wan nam | aromatic | flatulence, strengthens the body elements | rhizome / decoction / int |
Araceae | ||||
75. Amorphophallus cf. paeoniifolius (Dennst.) Nicolson (Y. Teanuan & S. Prom- In 057) | Buk | nauseating | habitual constipation, skin diseases | tuber / decoction / int |
76. Lasia spinosa (L.) Thwaites (Y. Teanuan & S. Prom- In 057) | Phak nam | nauseating | habitual constipation, skin diseases | rhizome / decoction / int |
Asparagaceae | ||||
77. Asparagus racemosus Willd. (N. Saedan & C. Khuniad 041) | Sam sip | fat | strengthens the body in general | root / decoction / int |
Asphodelaceae | ||||
78. Aloe vera (L.) Burm. f. (N. Saedan & C. Khuniad 042) | Wan hang chora khe | bland | peptic ulcer, poisonous animal bites, burns | leaf / juice / int, ext |
Cyperaceae | ||||
79. Cyperus rotundus L. (Y. Teanuan & S. Prom- In 151) | Haeo mu | aromatic | flatulence, strengthens the body elements | corm / decoction / int |
Dioscoreaceae | ||||
80. Dioscorea hispida Dennst. (W. Wongwiwat & S. Pinsook 011) | Kloi | nauseating | tuber: strengthens the body in general; stem: sinusitis | tuber, stem / decoction / int |
81. Tacca chantrieri Andrê (Y. Teanuan & S. Prom- In 017) | Khang khao dam | bland | sexual stimulants | rhizome / decoction / int |
82. Tacca integrifolia Ker Gawl. (N. Saedan & C. Khuniad 052) | Wan nang khruan | bland | alleviates body pain, sexual stimulants | rhizome / decoction / int |
Marantaceae | ||||
83. Donax grandis (Miq.) Ridl. (Y. Teanuan & S. Prom- In 025) | Khlum | bland | fever | rhizome/ decoction / int |
84. Schumannianthus dichotomus (Roxb.) Gagnep. (Y. Teanuan & S. Prom- In 018) | Khla | bland | skin diseases, fever, reduces body heat | rhizome / decoction / int |
Poaceae | ||||
85. Panicum repens L. (Y. Teanuan & S. Prom- In 021) | Ya khrun | bland | diuretic | whole plant / decoction / int |
Stemonaceae | ||||
86. Stemona tuberosa Lour. (W. Wongwiwat & S. Pinsook 078) | Non tai yak | nauseating | kill parasites | root / juice / int, ext |
Zingiberaceae | ||||
87. Amomum testaceum Ridl. (N. Saedan & C. Khuniad 045) | Krawan | aromatic | flatulence, promotes blood flow, asthma, menstrual problems | fruit / decoction / int |
88. Boesenbergia rotunda (L.) Mansf. (Y. Teanuan & S. Prom- In 113) | Kra chai | aromatic | strengthens the body in general, increases milk production, dysentery | root / juice / int |
89. Curcuma comosa Roxb. (Y. Teanuan & S. Prom- In 022) | Wan chak motluk | astringent | discharge amniotic fluid after giving birth, treat postpartum uterine swelling | fruit / decoction / int |
90. Curcuma longa L. (Y. Teanuan & S. Prom- In 023) | Khamin chan | astringent | peptic ulcer, intestinal infections, skin diseases | rhizome / paste / ext, int |
91. Curcuma zedoaria (Berg) Roscoe (Y. Teanuan & S. Prom- In 114) | Khamin oi | astringent | skin diseases | rhizome / paste / ext |
92. Kaempferia galanga L. (W. Wongwiwat & S. Pinsook 028) | Pro hom | aromatic | flatulence | rhizome / juice / int |
93. Kaempferia parviflora Wall. ex. Baker (N. Saedan & C. Khuniad 046) | Krachai dam | aromatic | strengthens the body in general, sexual stimulants | rhizome / extracted with alc. / int |
94. Zingiber montanum (Koenig) Link ex Dietr. (Y. Teanuan & S. Prom- In 040) | Phlai | astringent | flatulence, alleviates muscle pain, strain, skin swelling (mixed with “Ya dam”, latex of Aloe vera L.) | rhizome / juice, decoction / int |
95. Zingiber officinale Roscoe (Y. Teanuan & S. Prom- In 062) | Khing | hot | flatulence, appetizer | rhizome / juice, decoction / int |
96. Zingiber zerumbet (L.) Sm. (Y. Teanuan & S. Prom- In 122) | Kra thue | bitter | flatulence, dysentery | rhizome / juice, decoction / int |
Gymnosperms | ||||
97. Gnetum montanum Markgr. (N. Saedan & C. Khuniad 071) | Ma mueai | nauseating | alleviates muscle pain | wood / decoction / int |
Ferns | ||||
Polypodiaceae | ||||
98. Drynaria quercifolia (L.) Sm. (N. Saedan & C. Khuniad 032) | Kratae tai mai | bland | diuretic | rhizome / decoction / int |