Table 7 Other reported ethnomedicinal uses of the plants in Bangladesh

Abroma augusta (L.) L.f.

Diabetes, sexual disorder by the Garo tribe living in Netrakona district [19]; weakness and headache by folk medicinal practitioners (FMPs) of two villages in Rajshahi district [38]; used against diabetes by FMPs of Vasu Bihar village, Bogra district [39]; used against spermatorrhea by a village FMP in Faridpur district [40]; spermatorrhea by FMPs of Sylhet Division, Bangladesh [41]; dyspepsia, dysentery, physical sickness, urinary incontinence, burning sensations in the urinary tract in Shitol Para village, Jhalokati district [42]; leucorrhea, scabies by FMPs of three villages in Natore and Rajshahi districts [43]; sex stimulant by FMPs of Daudkandi sub-district of Comilla district [44]; leucorrhea, menstrual problems by FMPs of Dinajpur district [45]; gonorrhea, leucorrhea, constipation, menstrual troubles by the Garo tribe inhabiting the Madhupur forest region of Bangladesh [46]; irregular menstruation, painful menstruation, burning sensations in the uterus by FMPs of Noakhali district [47]; debility by FMPs in villages by the Ghaghot River of Rangpur district [48]; debility by FMPs in villages by the Padma River of Rajshahi district [48]; diabetes by FMPs of Vasu Bihar village, Bogra district [49]; astringent by FMPs of Balidha village, Jessore district [50]; to induce regular menstruation, abscess, sexual diseases in men, low sperm count by FMPs of Station Purbo Para village, Jamalpur district [33]; menstrual problems, meho (endocrinological disorders, diabetes) by FMPs of Shetabganj village, Dinajpur district [32]; passing of semen with urine by FMPs of Daulatdia Ghat, Kushtia district [51]; debility, infertility in women due to problems in uterus (badhok disease) by FMPs of Vitbilia village in Pabna district [52]; to increase libido by FMPs of six villages in Greater Naogaon district [53]; gonorrhea, sexual weakness by FMPs of seven villages in Ishwardi Upazilla, Pabna district [54]; burning sensations during urination, dysentery, pain by FMPs of a village in Narayanganj district [55]; sexual disorders by a FMP of Gachabari village in Tangail district [56]; irregular menstruation by tribal medicinal practitioners (TMPs) of the Chakma tribe residing in Rangamati district [57]; meho (endocrinological disorders), promeho (sexually transmitted diseases like gonorrhea) by FMPs of three villages in Kurigram district [58]; burning sensations during urination, sexual problems by TMPs of Goala tribe of Moulvibazar district [59]; to keep body cool by a FMP of Savar in Dhaka district [60]; sexual weakness, general weakness by FMPs of four villages in Natore and Rajshahi districts [61]; ‘meho’ (endocrinological disorder but generally indicative of diabetes) by TMPs of the Tudu sub-clan of the Santal tribe in Joypurhat district [62]; sexual weakness, irregular menstruation, pain and burning sensations during menstruation by TMPs of 15 clans of the Garo tribe of Madhupur, Tangail district [63]; rise of blood pressure during night by FMPs of Bhola district [64]; irregular menstruation, leucorrhea, anemia by a FMP of Jhalokathi in Barisal district [65]; decrease in sexual strength by FMPs of two villages in Natore district [31]; headache, hardening of skins in the body by FMPs of Chuadanga district [66]; premature ejaculation, antidote to poisoning, intestinal dysfunction by the tribal healers of Oraon tribe of Sylhet district [67]; weakness by the TMPs of the Rai Clan of the Tipra tribe of Sylhet Division [68]; spermatorrhea by a FMP of a village in Faridpur district [40]; vaginitis by TMPs of two Marma tribal communities in two villages of Khagrachhari district [69]; low sperm count by TMPs and FMPs practicing within a Khasia tribal community in Jaflong area, Sylhet district [70]; diabetes, urinary disorder by a Pahan TMP in Dinajpur district [71]; diabetes by FMPs and TMPs in the vicinity of Lawachara Forest Reserve, Moulvibazar district [72]; physical weakness by TMPs of Kole and Rai tribes of Rajshahi and Nawabganj districts [73].

Acacia catechu (L. f.) Willd.

Blood dysentery in humans and cattle by FMPs of three areas in Pirojpur district [74].

Achyranthes aspera L.

Snake bite, diabetes, gonorrhoea by the Garo tribe living in Netrakona district [19]; menstrual disorders and burning sensations during urination in two villages of Rajshahi district [38];]; frequent ejaculation by itself in Faridpur district [40]; leucorrhea, dysentery, jaundice in Shitol Para village, Jhalokati district [42]; blood dysentery, toothache, wound, sciatica, abortifacient, eczema by FMPs of three villages in Natore and Rajshahi districts [43]; abortifacient by the Garo tribe inhabiting the Madhupur forest region of Bangladesh [46]; coughs, pneumonia, snake bite, eczema, stomach pain, gonorrhea, low semen count, leucorrhea by FMPs of Noakhali district [47]; hematuria by FMPs in villages by the Ghaghot River of Rangpur district [48]; to stop bed-wetting in children, tooth diseases, enlargement or shrinking of scrotum by FMPs in villages by the Padma River of Rajshahi district [48]; low sperm count, to increase sexual power, debility, jaundice by FMPs of Station Purbo Para village, Jamalpur district [33]; jaundice, to increase libido by FMPs of six villages in Greater Naogaon district [53]; eczema by FMPs of seven villages in Ishwardi Upazilla, Pabna district [54]; leucorrhea by a FMP of Gachabari village in Tangail district [56]; burning sensations during urination, kidney stone by FMPs of three villages in Kurigram district [58]; tooth infections, irregular menstruation by TMPs of Goala tribe of Moulvibazar district [59]; dermatitis, chronic dysentery, blood dysentery, menorrhagia by FMPs of four villages in Natore and Rajshahi districts [61]; leucorrhea by TMPs of 15 clans of the Garo tribe of Madhupur, Tangail district [63]; skin infections by FMPs of two villages in Natore district [31]; infertility in woman, bleeding while pregnant (blood can be present in urine or just comes out of the vagina) by FMPs of Chuadanga district [66]; low density of semen by FMP of Jhenidah district [66]; frequent ejaculation by itself by a FMP of a village in Faridpur district [40]; vomiting tendency, diarrhea, excessive blood during menstruation by TMPs and FMPs practicing within a Khasia tribal community in Jaflong area, Sylhet district [70]; injury by a Pahan TMP in Dinajpur district [71]; dental abscess, diabetes by TMPs of Kole and Rai tribes of Rajshahi and Nawabganj districts [73]; jaundice, respiratory problems by the Marma tribe living in Naikhongchhari, Bandarban district [75]; poisonous animal bites, inflammation of the body, fever, cough and mucus due to cold, asthma, tonsillitis by the Rakhain tribe inhabiting the Chittagong Hill Tracts region [76]; severe stomach pain, excessive bleeding following menstruation by the Santal tribe residing in Rajshahi district [77]; edema by the Tripura tribe residing in Chittagong Hill Tracts, Bangladesh [78]; to increase libido by FMPs of Badarganj and Shekhertek villages in Rangpur district [79]; bitter, to increase appetite, vomiting tendency, coughs, obesity, respiratory tract disorders, piles, pain, gastrointestinal disorders, jaundice by FMPs of three villages in Sreepur Upazilla, Magura district [80]; nocturnal emissions, constipation, burning sensations during urination by FMPs of Terbaria and Babla villages in Tangail district [81]; stomach pain, flatulency by TMPs of Bongshi tribe in Tangail district [82]; severe pain, whitish discharge from vagina, hair loss, jaundice, tooth infections, uterine problems by FMPs of several areas of Faridpur and Rajbari districts [83]; diabetes by TMPs of Naik clan of Rajbongshi tribe of Moulvibazar district [84]; to increase sexual strength by TMPs of Rai Kshatriya tribe of Pabna district [85]; urinary problems like passing of blood in urine by TMPs of the Pankho tribe of Bilaichari Union, Rangamati district [86]; abscess by TMPs of the Murmu tribal community residing in Rajshahi district [87]; bitter, to increase appetite, piles, respiratory tract disorders, pain, gastrointestinal disorders, to increase sperm, vomiting tendency, cough, obesity, jaundice by FMPs of two villages in Bagerhat district [88]; uterine inversion by TMPs of the Khatriya and Kashya clans of the Bagdi tribe in Rajbari district [89]; jaundice by TMPs of the Tripura tribe residing in Comilla district [90]; having trouble during urination, passing of blood during urination by a Tonchongya tribal healer of Rangamati district [91]; jaundice by a FMP practicing among tea garden workers in Sreemangal, Maulvibazar district [92]; asthma by a Garo TMP practicing among Garo and Kush tribes in Sherpur district [93]; rabies, stomach pain, cough, pneumonia by folk herbalists in Comilla district [94]; jaundice by TMPs of the Harbang clan of the Tripura tribe of Mirsharai area, Chittagong district [95]; male infertility, impotency by TMPs of the Nag clan of the Rai Ghatual tribe in Moulvibazar district [96].

Adhatoda vasica Nees

Cough, pneumonia, asthma by the Garo tribe living in Netrakona district [19]; respiratory problems by FMPs of Sylhet Division, Bangladesh [41]; coughs, asthma, bleeding from piles in Shitol Para village, Jhalokati district [42]; anthelmintic, cough, sedative, sprain by FMPs of three villages in Natore and Rajshahi districts [43]; cough by FMPs of Daudkandi sub-district of Comilla district [44]; coughs and pain in humans, any type of porcine diseases by FMPs of Dinajpur district [45]; pain, cold, asthma, wounds, cough, mucus by FMPs of Noakhali district [47]; rabies, pneumonia, jaundice by FMPs in villages by the Ghaghot River of Rangpur district [48]; antidote to poisoning, bronchitis, malaria, skin eruption, astringent in humans, cold in cattle by FMPs in villages by the Bangali River of Bogradistrict [48]; fever, cold, coughs by FMPs of Balidha village, Jessore district [50];cough, asthma, menstrual problems, jaundice, hepatitis B by FMPs of Station Purbo Para village, Jamalpur district [33]; asthma by FMPs of Shetabganj village, Dinajpur district [32]; leucorrhea, chronic respiratory disorders, coughs by FMPs of Daulatdia Ghat, Kushtia district [51]; whooping cough by FMPs of Vitbilia village in Pabna district [52]; severe fever with mucus by FMPs of six villages in Greater Naogaon district [53];chronic asthma, leprosy by FMPs of seven villages in Ishwardi Upazilla, Pabna district [54]; respiratory difficulties, asthma by FMPs of a village in Narayanganj district [55]; coughs and mucus by FMPs of three villages in Kurigram district [58]; cold, coughs, fever, ear lobe infection by FMPs of four villages in Natore and Rajshahi districts [61]; mucus, coughs by TMPs of 15 clans of the Garo tribe of Madhupur, Tangail district [63]; coughs, mucus, fever, tuberculosis, passing of blood through the mouth due to lung disorders by FMPs of Bhola district [64]; leprosy, allergy by a FMP of Jhalokathi in Barisal district [65]; fever, pneumonia, mucus, helminthiasis by FMPs of two villages in Natore district [31]; bone fracture, to increase appetite by FMPs of Chuadanga district [66]; coughs by FMP of Jhenidah district [66]; coughs by the tribal healers of Gor tribe of Sylhet district [67]; dry cough by the TMPs of the Rai Clan of the Tipra tribe of Sylhet Division [68]; tuberculosis by TMPs of two Marma tribal communities in two villages of Khagrachhari district [69]; coughs in children by TMPs and FMPs practicing within a Khasia tribal community in Jaflong area, Sylhet district [70]; coughs by FMPs of three areas in Pirojpur district [74]; helminthiasis, diarrhea and constipation by the Marma tribe living in Naikhongchhari, Bandarban district [75]; coughs, asthma by FMPs of Badarganj and Shekhertek villages in Rangpur district [79]; tuberculosis by FMPs of Terbaria and Babla villages in Tangail district [81]; coughs, biliary problems (bile turns the color of blood), frequent thirsts, respiratory problems, fever, vomiting tendency, diabetes, leprosy, tuberculosis by FMPs of three villages in Sreepur Upazilla, Magura district [80]; coughs by TMPs of Naik clan of Rajbongshi tribe of Moulvibazar district [84]; coughs by TMPs of the Pankho tribe of Bilaichari Union, Rangamati district [86]; flatulency, low sperm count, sperm incapable of being fertilized, astringent, bitter, to increase flow of bile, biliary problems like bile turning the color of blood, diarrhea, dysentery, tuberculosis, coughs, fever, asthma, eczema, leprosy by FMPs of two villages in Bagerhat district [88]; coughs, tuberculosis, toothache by TMPs of the Tripura tribe residing in Comilla district [90]; fever, coughs by a Kush tribal practitioner practicing among Garo and Kush tribes in Sherpur district; dry coughs by a Chakma tribal practitioner practicing among Garo and Kush tribes in Sherpur district; asthma by a Garo tribal practitioner practicing among Garo and Kush tribes in Sherpur district [93]; coughs, mucus by folk herbalists in Comilla district [94]; cough, mucus, asthma by TMPs of the Harbang clan of the Tripura tribe of Mirsharai area, Chittagong district [95]; fever, loss of appetite by TMPs of the Nag clan of the Rai Ghatual tribe in Moulvibazar district [96]; mucus by FMPs of Dhamrai sub-district, Dhaka district [97]; coughs by FMPs of Barisal Town, Barisal district [98]; malaria, coughs, colds by TMPs of Tonchongya tribe of Roangchaari Upazila in Bandarban district [99]; coughs, mucus by the Teli clan of the Telegu tribe of Maulvibazar district [100]; coughs by TMPs of Chakma tribe of Rangapanir Chara Area in Khagrachaari district [34]; diabetes, coughs by TMPs of the Manipuri tribe in Kamalganj Upazila, Moulvibazar district [101]; fever, coughs by TMPs of the Bauri tribal community of Moulvibazar district [102]; skin infections, tuberculosis by a TMP of the Deb barma clan of the Tripura tribe of Moulvibazar district [103].

Aegle marmelos (L.) Corrêa ex Roxb.

Constipation, dysentery, indigestion, pain by the Garo tribe living in Netrakona district [19]; constipation, dysentery, small size of penis in two villages of Rajshahi district [38]; dysentery in Vasu Bihar village, Bogra district [39]; urinary bladder stone by FMPs of Sylhet Division, Bangladesh [41]; pain under the umbilicus or stomach pain due to helminthic infestations, constipation, helminthiasis, decreased sperm count, aphrodisiac in Shitol Para village, Jhalokati district [42]; indigestion, cooling, appetizer, loss of libido, weakness, paralysis by FMPs of three villages in Natore and Rajshahi districts [43]; dysentery, peptic ulcer by FMPs of Daudkandi sub-district of Comilla district [44]; indigestion, loss of appetite, constipation, weakness, dysentery, snake bite, skin infections by FMPs of Noakhali district [47]; flatulence by FMPs in villages by the Ghaghot River of Rangpur district [48]; liver disorder, sunstroke, jaundice, constipation, sexual disorder, piles in humans, apepsia in cow or sheep by FMPs in villages by the Bangali River of Bogra district [48]; dysentery by FMPs of Vasu Bihar village, Bogra district [49]; chronic dysentery, diabetes by FMPs of Station Purbo Para village, Jamalpur district [33]; to remove foul odor of sweat in adults, vomiting in children by FMPs of Shetabganj village, Dinajpur district [32]; to remove odor from sweat, incoherency or insanity, acidity, ear and eye diseases by FMPs of Daulatdia Ghat, Kushtia district [51]; digestive aid by FMPs of six villages in Greater Naogaon district [53]; blood dysentery, constipation, to increase memory, to prevent stomach upsets by FMPs of a village in Narayanganj district [55]; gastrointestinal disorders like flatulence, constipation, stomach pain by tribal medicinal practitioners (TMPs) of the Chakma tribe residing in Rangamati district [57]; dysentery, to remove odor of sweat, vomiting in children by FMPs of three villages in Kurigram district [58]; acne by a FMP of Savar in Dhaka district [60]; chronic dysentery, dandruff by FMPs of four villages in Natore and Rajshahi districts [61]; dysentery, to keep stomach cool by FMPs of Bhola district [64]; blood dysentery by a FMP of Jhalokathi in Barisal district [65]; reduced sexual desire in humans by FMPs of Chuadanga district [66]; snake bite, stomach disorders by FMP from Jhenaidah district [66]; chronic dysentery, burning sensations in the body, heart palpitations by the TMPs of the Rai Clan of the Tipra tribe of Sylhet Division [68]; indigestion, loss of appetite by FMPs and TMPs in the vicinity of Lawachara Forest Reserve, Moulvibazar district [72]; dysentery by TMPs of two Marma tribal communities in two villages of Khagrachhari district [69]; to keep head cool, sprain, fracture by TMPs of Kole and Rai tribes of Rajshahi and Nawabganj districts [73]; chronic dysentery, constipation, indigestion by FMPs of three areas in Pirojpur district [74]; sedative by the Marma tribe living in Naikhongchhari, Bandarban district [75]; indigestion, piles, constipation, respiratory problem, inflammation, poisonous insect or snake bites, heart palpitations, fever, clearing of bowels by the Rakhain tribe inhabiting the Chittagong Hill Tracts region [76]; to keep body cool, diarrhoea, dysentery, constipation, astringent, repeat fevers, contagious fevers, frequent urination (diabetes) by the Tripura tribe residing in Chittagong Hill Tracts, Bangladesh [78]; acidity, skin allery, excessive sexual desire, carminative, coughs, astringent by FMPs of three villages in Sreepur Upazilla, Magura district [80]; severe pain, whitish discharge from vagina, hair loss, gastric problems by FMPs of several areas of Faridpur and Rajbari districts [83]; constipation by TMPs of Naik clan of Rajbongshi tribe of Moulvibazar district [84]; sexual disorder in males, to increase attraction in a female for a male by TMPs of Rai Kshatriya tribe of Pabna district [85]; rheumatism, insect repellent, flatulency by TMPs of the Soren clan of the Santal tribe in Rajshahi district [104]; jaundice, indigestion by TMPs of the Murmu tribal community residing in Rajshahi district [87]; to increase digestive capability, flatulence, coughs, to keep body cool, to clear stool by FMPs of two villages in Bagerhat district [88]; dysentery, diarrhea by TMPs of the Tripura tribe residing in Comilla district [90]; stomach pain, constipation, memory enhancer by folk herbalists in Comilla district [94]; jaundice, asthma by TMPs of the Bauri tribal community of Moulvibazar district [102]; stomach disorders, watery stool, loss of appetite by a TMP of the Deb barma clan of the Tripura tribe of Moulvibazar district [103]; diarrhea by a FMP of Sreemangal Upazila in Maulvibazar district [105]; spermatorrhea, insomnia by a FMP of Jamalpur district [106]; anti-inflammatory, constipation, blood dysentery, diabetes by TMPs of Santal tribe of Rangpur district [107].

Aloe barbadensis Mill.

Headache, hot feeling in head, and stomach disorders in two villages of Rajshahi district [38]; liver disorders and bloating in Faridpur district [40]; constipation, rheumatism, digestive aid by FMPs of Sylhet Division, Bangladesh [41]; burns due to fire, energizer, low semen density, to increase eyesight, spermatorrhea, constipation, to improve texture of skin in Shitol Para village, Jhalokati district [42]; ecbolic, irregular menstruation, wound, appetizer, blood dysentery by FMPs of three villages in Natore and Rajshahi districts [43]; purgative, piles by FMPs of Daudkandi sub-district of Comilla district [44]; leucorrhea by FMPs of Dinajpur district [45]; chronic constipation, diabetes, asthma, burning sensation during sexual ejaculation, to stimulate hair growth, carminative, respiratory problems by FMPs of Noakhali district [47]; debility by FMPs in villages by the Ghaghot River of Rangpur district [48]; to disinfect water by FMPs of Station Purbo Para village, Jamalpur district [33]; tuberculosis by FMPs of Shetabganj village, Dinajpur district [32]; to increase strength, increase semen, enlarged spleen, bloating, hepatic diseases, pain, boils by FMPs of Daulatdia Ghat, Kushtia district [51]; sexually transmitted diseases in men, skin disorders by FMPs of Vitbilia village in Pabna district [52]; severe headache by FMPs of seven villages in Ishwardi Upazilla, Pabna district [54]; constipation, burns, skin disorders, diabetes by FMPs of a village in Narayanganj district [55]; to increase libido, to improve texture of skin, blisters due to burns, tuberculosis by FMPs of three villages in Kurigram district [58]; constipation, hypertension, anxiety by FMPs of four villages in Natore and Rajshahi districts [61]; skin disorders, burning sensations in skin, hair loss, physical weakness, sexually transmitted diseases, leucorrhea by TMPs of 15 clans of the Garo tribe of Madhupur, Tangail district [63]; piles, stool clarification, physical weakness by the TMPs of the Rai Clan of the Tipra tribe of Sylhet Division [68]; liver disorders, bloating by a FMP of a village in Faridpur district [40]; low sperm count by TMPs of two Marma tribal communities in two villages of Khagrachhari district [69]; tendon pain by FMPs and TMPs in the vicinity of Lawachara Forest Reserve, Moulvibazar district [72]; weakness, tuberculosis, meho (endocrinological disorders, diabetes) by FMPs of three areas in Pirojpur district [74]; dysentery, blood dysentery by a Chakma TMP practicing among Garo and Kush tribes in Sherpur district; physical weakness by a Garo TMP practicing among Garo and Kush tribes in Sherpur district [93]; to keep head cool, dysentery by FMPs of Dhamrai sub-district, Dhaka district [97]; to keep body cool, burning sensations during urination by Christians living in Mirzapur village of Dinajpur ditrict, Bangladesh [108]; laxative, appetizer, alopecia, asthma, tuberculosis by FMPs of Boalia sub-district, Rajshahi district [109]; constipation by FMPs of Bheramara area in Kushtia district [110].

Amaranthus spinosus L.

Dysentery in two villages of Rajshahi district [38]; gastrointestinal disorders in Vasu Bihar village, Bogra district [39]; frequent ejaculation of sperm with blood in Faridpur district, Bangladesh [40]; to increase strength and to stimulate appetite by FMPs of Sylhet Division, Bangladesh [41]; leucorrhea, cough, dysentery by FMPs of three villages in Natore and Rajshahi districts [43]; to stop frequent urination by FMPs of Dinajpur district [45]; boils, abscesses by the Garo tribe inhabiting the Madhupur forest region of Bangladesh [46]; blood dysentery by FMPs in villages by the Ghaghot River of Rangpur district [48]; gastrointestinal disorders by FMPs of Vasu Bihar village, Bogra district [49]; debility, diabetes by FMPs of Station Purbo Para village, Jamalpur district [33]; stoppage of urination and defecation, diabetes, burning sensations during urination by FMPs of Shetabganj village, Dinajpur district [32]; diarrhoea, heat stroke, leucorrhea by FMPs of Vitbilia village in Pabna district [52]; hoarseness of voice, throat pain by FMPs of six villages in Greater Naogaon district [53]; stoppage of urination and defecation, toothache, bleeding from gums by FMPs of three villages in Kurigram district [58]; red color of urine by TMPs of Bongshi tribe in Tangail district [82]; waist pain by TMPs of Goala tribe of Moulvibazar district [59]; dysentery, sexual stimulant by FMPs of four villages in Natore and Rajshahi districts [61]; low semen density by the tribal healers of Oraon tribe of Sylhet district [67]; frequent ejaculation of sperm along with blood by a FMP of a village in Faridpur district [40]; flatulence, dysentery by FMPs and TMPs in the vicinity of Lawachara Forest Reserve, Moulvibazar district [72]; irregular whitish discharge in urine of women by TMPs of Kole and Rai tribes of Rajshahi and Nawabganj districts [73]; dysentery by FMPs of Badarganj and Shekhertek villages in Rangpur district [79]; jaundice by FMPs of Terbaria and Babla villages in Tangail district [81]; to regularize urine and stool, lack of appetite, bitter taste in all foods, blood purifier, antidote to poisoning by FMPs of three villages in Sreepur Upazilla, Magura district [80]; excessive bleeding during menstruation by TMPs of the Pankho tribe of Bilaichari Union, Rangamati district [86]; leucorrhea by FMPs of two villages in Bagerhat district [88]; jaundice by TMPs of the Tripura tribe residing in Comilla district [90]; physical weakness by a Garo tribal practitioner practicing among Garo and Kush tribes in Sherpur district [93]; stomach ache by TMPs of the Harbang clan of the Tripura tribe of Mirsharai area, Chittagong district [95]; diabetes in humans, to increase lactation in cows by FMPs of Dhamrai sub-district, Dhaka district [97]; rheumatic pain, pain in the bones, blood or pus coming out with urine by FMPs of Barisal Town, Barisal district [98]; bone fracture, eczema by TMPs of the Manipuri tribe in Kamalganj Upazila, Moulvibazar district [101]; low semen density by a FMP of Sreemangal Upazila in Maulvibazar district [105]; dysentery by Christians living in Mirzapur village of Dinajpur ditrict, Bangladesh [108]; gonorrhoea, laxative, expectorant by FMPs of Boalia sub-district, Rajshahi district [109]; to increase lactation in cows by the Santal tribe residing in Thakurgaon district [111]; urine coming out in small drops in breast-fed infants because of kidney stones arising from problems in mother’s milk by TMPs of the Hodi tribe in Sherpur district [112].

Ananas sativus Schult.f.

Fever, helminthiasis, jaundice by the Garo tribe living in Netrakona district [19]; helminthiasis, stomach pain by FMPs of Sylhet Division, Bangladesh [41]; jaundice, helminthiasis by FMPs of Noakhali district [47]; helminthiasis by FMPs of Shetabganj village, Dinajpur district [32]; wasting away of body in women by FMPs of six villages in Greater Naogaon district [53]; helminthiasis, fever, cold, coughs by FMPs of a village in Narayanganj district [55]; helminthiasis by FMPs of three villages in Kurigram district [58]; fever, hookworm infection by TMPs of 15 clans of the Garo tribe of Madhupur, Tangail district [63]; helminthiasis, to increase appetite, mucus by FMPs of Bhola district [64]; helminthiasis by the tribal healers of Gor tribe of Sylhet district [67]; pneumonia, asthma, respiratory problems by the Marma tribe living in Naikhongchhari, Bandarban district [75]; helminthiasis, jaundice by the Rakhain tribe inhabiting the Chittagong Hill Tracts region [76]; anthelmintic, antibacterial, urinary problem, stimulate appetite by the Tripura tribe residing in Chittagong Hill Tracts, Bangladesh [78].

Andrographis paniculata Nees

Fever and helminthiasis in Faridpur district, Bangladesh [40]; liver diseases, helminthiasis in Shitol Para village, Jhalokati district [42]; emetic, anthelmintic, sexual disorders by FMPs of three villages in Natore and Rajshahi districts [43]; long-term fever, any type of severe body pain by FMPs of Dinajpur district [45]; fever, headache, vertigo by the Garo tribe inhabiting the Madhupur forest region of Bangladesh [46]; liver diseases by FMPs of Feni district [47]; fever by FMPs in villages by the Padma River of Rajshahi district [48]; liver disorders, helminthiasis, acidity by FMPs of Vitbilia village in Pabna district [52]; stomach and heart disorders by TMPs of Goala tribe of Moulvibazar district [59]; jaundice, malaria, blood purifier, allergy by TMPs of 15 clans of the Garo tribe of Madhupur, Tangail district [63]; fever, pneumonia, mucus, helminthiasis by FMPs of two villages in Natore district [31]; allergy, chronic fever by FMP of Jhenidah district [66]; constipation, stomach pain by the TMPs of the Rai Clan of the Tipra tribe of Sylhet Division [68]; fever, helminthiasis by a FMP of a village in Faridpur district [40]; diabetes, stomach pain by a Pahan TMP in Dinajpur district [71]; coughs, cold by FMPs and TMPs in the vicinity of Lawachara Forest Reserve, Moulvibazar district [72]; helminthiasis, fever by TMPs of Kole and Rai tribes of Rajshahi and Nawabganj districts [73]; fever, constipation by TMPs of Bongshi tribe in Tangail district [82]; stomach disorders, to improve digestion, bloating with burning sensations in chest by FMPs of several areas of Faridpur and Rajbari districts [83]; common cold, uncomplicated sinusitis, pharyngotonsillitis, lower urinary tract infections, acute diarrhea, bacillary dysentery, bronchitis, carbuncles, colitis, cough, dyspepsia, fever, hepatitis, malaria, mouth ulcers, sores, tuberculosis, venomous snake bite, colic, otitis media, vaginitis, pelvic inflammatory disease, chicken pox, eczema, burns by FMPs of two villages in Bagerhat district [88]; cold, coughs, fever by TMPs of the Khatriya and Kashya clans of the Bagdi tribe in Rajbari district [89]; fever arising suddenly during the night, toothache, skin infections by TMPs of the Tripura tribe residing in Comilla district [90]; fever by a Chakma tribal practitioner practicing among Garo and Kush tribes in Sherpur district; rheumatic problems, gastric problems by a Kush tribal practitioner practicing among Garo and Kush tribes in Sherpur district [93]; fever, loss of appetite by TMPs of the Nag clan of the Rai Ghatual tribe in Moulvibazar district [96]; jaundice, helminthiasis by TMPs of Chakma tribe of Rangapanir Chara Area in Khagrachaari district [34]; fever, malarial fever by TMPs of the Bauri tribal community of Moulvibazar district [102]; malaria by a TMP of the Deb barma clan of the Tripura tribe of Moulvibazar district [103]; diabetes by TMPs of the Soren clan of the Santal tribe in Rajshahi district [104]; anthelmintic, dysentery, rectal diseases, cough, cold, mucus, fever by FMPs of Bheramara area in Kushtia district [110]; indigestion in Rampal sub-district of Bagerhat district [113].

Anthocephalus chinensis Hassk.

Snake bite by FMPs of Sylhet Division, Bangladesh [41]; scar, myopathic spasm, indigestion in humans, flatulency in cattle by FMPs in villages by the Bangali River of Bogra district [48]; infertility in men or women, infections in diabetic patients, bloating in cattle by FMPs in villages by the Padma River of Rajshahi district [48]; mouth wounds by FMPs of Vasu Bihar village, Bogra district [49]; elephantiasis, any problem of scrotum by FMPs of Balidha village, Jessore district [50]; helminthiasis in children, tumor, jaundice by FMPs of Shetabganj village, Dinajpur district [32]; piles by FMPs of six villages in Greater Naogaon district [53]; fever, snake bite by FMPs of three areas in Pirojpur district [74]; helminthiasis, tumor, swelling by FMPs of Dhamrai sub-district, Dhaka district [97]; headache, burns, eczema, itches by FMPs of Barisal Town, Barisal district [98]; fever, coughs, eye diseases, labor pain by FMPs of Boalia sub-district, Rajshahi district [109]; tumor by the Santal tribe residing in Thakurgaon district [111].

Aquilaria malaccensis Lamk.

Headache by FMPs of Dinajpur district [45].

Asparagus racemosus Willd.

Snake bite, wounds by the Garo tribe living in Netrakona district [19]; diabetes, tuberculosis in Shitol Para village, Jhalokati district [42]; sexual disorders, anti-hemorrhagic, sore throat, night blindness, blood dysentery by FMPs of three villages in Natore and Rajshahi districts [43]; physical and mental weakness by FMPs of Dinajpur district [45]; bacterial or fungal infections, edema, tonic, bloating, hypertension, to increase lactation, malnutrition in children, to increase memory, nerve weakness, to increase strength by FMPs of Noakhali district [47]; burning sensation during urination, bloating by FMPs in villages by the Ghaghot River of Rangpur district [48]; debility, to keep body healthy by FMPs of Station Purbo Para village, Jamalpur district [33]; physical weakness in males by FMPs of Shetabganj village, Dinajpur district [32]; constipation, impotency in men by FMPs of Vitbilia village in Pabna district [52]; impotency in males, to increase libido by FMPs of six villages in Greater Naogaon district [53]; hypertension, to increase lactation in nursing mother by FMPs of seven villages in Ishwardi Upazilla, Pabna district [54]; gonorrhea, spermatorrhea, erectile dysfunction, premature ejaculation, frequent urge for urination but only 1–2 drops of urine coming out each time by a FMP of Gachabari village in Tangail district [56]; weakness, diabetes, urinary problems by FMPs of four villages in Natore and Rajshahi districts [61]; sexual weakness, physical weakness by TMPs of 15 clans of the Garo tribe of Madhupur, Tangail district [63]; night blindness, blood dysentery, filariasis by a FMP of Jhalokathi in Barisal district [65]; used as preventive medicine against spermatorrhea and cardiovascular disorders as well as to raise body resistance against diseases and to keep the body healthy and mind contented by FMP of Jhenidah district [66]; body pain, leucorrhea by TMPs of two Marma tribal communities in two villages of Khagrachhari district [69]; to increase lactation by FMPs and TMPs in the vicinity of Lawachara Forest Reserve, Moulvibazar district [72]; physical weakness by TMPs of Kole and Rai tribes of Rajshahi and Nawabganj districts [73]; tuberculosis by the Santal tribe residing in Rajshahi district [77]; asthma during winter, all food tasting bitter, nutritive, to increase intelligence, to maintain good eyes, to increase sperm, to increase lactation, to increase strength, diarrhoea by FMPs of three villages in Sreepur Upazilla, Magura district [80]; burning sensations during urination, weakness by TMPs of Bongshi tribe in Tangail district [82]; asthma, leucorrhea by TMPs of Rai Kshatriya tribe of Pabna district [85]; swelling or enlargement of testicles by TMPs of the Pankho tribe of Bilaichari Union, Rangamati district [86]; asthma during winter, bitter taste in mouth, nutritive, to increase intelligence, to maintain good eyes, to increase sperm, to increase lactation, to increase strength, diarrhea, hyperacidity by FMPs of two villages in Bagerhat district [88]; snake bite by TMPs of the Khatriya and Kashya clans of the Bagdi tribe in Rajbari district [89]; physical weakness by a Kush tribal practitioner practicing among Garo and Kush tribes in Sherpur district; physical weakness by a Garo tribal practitioner practicing among Garo and Kush tribes in Sherpur district [93]; asthma, cough, cold by TMPs of Tonchongya tribe of Roangchaari Upazila in Bandarban district [99]; all diseases by a TMP of the Deb barma clan of the Tripura tribe of Moulvibazar district [103]; stone lodged in penis, diabetes by FMPs of Bheramara area in Kushtia district [110].

Averrhoa carambola L.

Diarrhea, vomiting, influenza by the Garo tribe living in Netrakona district [19]; coughs and mucus in two villages of Rajshahi district [38]; eczema, digestive aid, to keep body cool by FMPs of Sylhet Division, Bangladesh [41]; to stop bleeding, bone fractures in Shitol Para village, Jhalokati district [42]; tonic, appetizer by FMPs of three villages in Natore and Rajshahi districts [43]; dandruff by FMPs of Station Purbo Para village, Jamalpur district [33]; bone fracture, jaundice, bleeding from haemorrhoids by FMPs of seven villages in Ishwardi Upazilla, Pabna district [54]; stoppage of menstruation by FMPs of three villages in Kurigram district [58]; frequent coughs by a FMP of a village in Faridpur district [40]; constipation by TMPs of two Marma tribal communities in two villages of Khagrachhari district [69]; sperm incapable of being fertilized, constipation, coughs, flatulency by FMPs of two villages in Bagerhat district [88]; jaundice by a FMP practicing among tea garden workers in Sreemangal, Maulvibazar district [92]; liver diseases, fever, jaundice by a FMP of Sreemangal Upazila in Maulvibazar district [105].

Azadirachta indica A. Juss.

Fever, chicken pox, measles, skin disease by the Garo tribe living in Netrakona district [19]; itch, scabies, allergy, pus formation, skin disorders in Shitol Para village, Jhalokati district [42]; dental diseases, scabies by FMPs of Daudkandi sub-district of Comilla district [44]; syphilis, skin diseases, scabies, leprosy by FMPs in villages by the Ghaghot River of Rangpur district [48]; helminthiasis, antibacterial, itch by FMPs in villages by the Padma River of Rajshahi district [48]; insecticide by FMPs of Vasu Bihar village, Bogra district [49]; considered useful in any type of disease by FMPs of Balidha village, Jessore district [50]; skin diseases, body ache, bone pain, diabetes, measles, pox, itches, scabies, indigestion, cataract, decreased eye sight, abscess by FMPs of Station Purbo Para village, Jamalpur district [33]; helminthiasis, hepatic pain by FMPs of Shetabganj village, Dinajpur district [32]; regularize menstruation, diabetes by FMPs of Daulatdia Ghat, Kushtia district [51]; antiseptic, skin diseases, helminthiasis, pimples, acidity, blood purifier by FMPs of seven villages in Ishwardi Upazilla, Pabna district [54]; skin diseases, tooth infections, helminthiasis by FMPs of a village in Narayanganj district [55]; toothache, helminthiasis, skin diseases, chicken pox by a FMP of Gachabari village in Tangail district [56]; fever, pain, itches, rheumatic pain, skin infections, bleeding from gums, swelling of gums, tingling sensation in gums, to remove foul odor from mouth by FMPs of three villages in Kurigram district [58]; stomach and heart disorders by TMPs of Goala tribe of Moulvibazar district [59]; oral hygiene, itching, pain by FMPs of four villages in Natore and Rajshahi districts [61]; diarrhea, blood purifier, loss of appetite by TMPs of 15 clans of the Garo tribe of Madhupur, Tangail district [63]; leprosy, helmintic infections in children, acne, allergy, blood purification by a FMP of Jhalokathi in Barisal district [65]; burns, large size cuts and wounds by FMP from Jhenaidah district [66]; itch by the tribal healers of Oraon tribe of Sylhet district [67]; swelling of veins, scabies, helminthiasis, nocturnal emissions by the TMPs of the Rai Clan of the Tipra tribe of Sylhet Division [68]; helminthiasis, skin diseases by TMPs of two Marma tribal communities in two villages of Khagrachhari district [69]; skin infections by FMPs and TMPs in the vicinity of Lawachara Forest Reserve, Moulvibazar district [72]; scabies, eczema, itches by FMPs of Badarganj and Shekhertek villages in Rangpur district [79]; diarrhoea, blood purifier, loss of appetite, indigestion by FMPs of Terbaria and Babla villages in Tangail district [81]; good for eyes, increases lung capacity, fatigue, thirsts, coughs, fever, loss of appetite, helminthiasis, acne, biliary disorders, leprosy, wasting away of body, diabetes by FMPs of three villages in Sreepur Upazilla, Magura district [80]; skin diseases, allergy by TMPs of Bongshi tribe in Tangail district [82]; severe pain, whitish discharge from vagina, hair loss, rheumatic pain by FMPs of several areas of Faridpur and Rajbari districts [83]; paralysis, skin infections by TMPs of Rai Kshatriya tribe of Pabna district [85]; diabetes by TMPs of the Pankho tribe of Bilaichari Union, Rangamati district [86]; fever, pain, to prevent tooth infections by TMPs of the Murmu tribal community residing in Rajshahi district [87]; pimple, tiredness, coughs, vomiting, helminthiasis, gall bladder problems, pain, dyspepsia, leprosy, acne, gleet, gonorrhea, diabetes by FMPs of two villages in Bagerhat district [88]; skin disorders, tooth infections, foul odor in mouth by TMPs of the Tripura tribe residing in Comilla district [90]; diabetes by a Chakma tribal practitioner practicing among Garo and Kush tribes in Sherpur district; skin diseases by a Kush TMP practicing among Garo and Kush tribes in Sherpur district [93]; skin diseases, toothache by folk herbalists in Comilla district [94]; skin diseases, helminthiasis by TMPs of the Harbang clan of the Tripura tribe of Mirsharai area, Chittagong district [95]; itches, ringworm, helminthiasis, chicken pox by a TMP of the Deb barma clan of the Tripura tribe of Moulvibazar district [124]; diabetes by FMPs of Barisal Town, Barisal district [98]; skin diseases, itches, helminthiasis (especially in children), cough-induced chest pain by TMPs of the Manipuri tribe in Kamalganj Upazila, Moulvibazar district [101]; helminthiasis, fever with shivering by TMPs of the Bauri tribal community of Moulvibazar district [102]; blood purifier by TMPs of the Soren clan of the Santal tribe in Rajshahi district [104]; body pain, itches by a FMP of Sreemangal Upazila in Maulvibazar district [105]; to induce fertility, cancer, acne, itch, carminative by TMPs of Santal tribe of Rangpur district [107]; cancer, skin diseases, helminthiasis, wounds, diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis by FMPs of Boalia sub-district, Rajshahi district [109]; fever, fever arising from gall bladder disorders by FMPs of Bheramara area in Kushtia district [110]; abscess by the Santal tribe residing in Thakurgaon district [111]; to strengthen base of tooth, acne by a FMP of Savar in Dhaka district [114]; scabies, itches by TMPs of the Sigibe clan of the Khumi tribe of Thanchi sub-district in Bandarban district [115]; infections of the tooth by a TMP of the Sardar (Dhangor) community in Chuadanga district [116]; cuts and wounds, allergy, premature graying of hair by TMPs of Khasia tribe in several sub-districts in Sylhet district [117].

Bombax ceiba L.

Urinary calculus, loss of libido by the Garo tribe living in Netrakona district [19]; low semen density in two villages of Rajshahi district [38]; loss of libido in Vasu Bihar village, Bogra district [39]; stoppage of urination, debility, sexual weakness, to increase semen by FMPs of Sylhet Division, Bangladesh [41]; acne, spermatorrhea, leucorrhea, presence of blood in vomit or bleeding through nose due to liver disorders, blood clotting problems or tuberculosis in Shitol Para village, Jhalokati district [42]; tonic, sexual disorders, edema by FMPs of three villages in Natore and Rajshahi districts [43]; to increase sexual activity by FMPs of Daudkandi sub-district of Comilla district [44]; debility, to increase growth by FMPs of Dinajpur district [45]; gonorrhea by the Garo tribe inhabiting the Madhupur forest region of Bangladesh [46]; sex stimulant by FMPs in villages by the Ghaghot River of Rangpur district [48]; erectile dysfunction, snake bite by FMPs in villages by the Padma River of Rajshahi district [48]; loss of libido by FMPs of Vasu Bihar village, Bogra district [49]; aphrodisiac, passing of semen with urine by FMPs of Balidha village, Jessore district [50]; to keep body healthy, to increase sexual power by FMPs of Station Purbo Para village, Jamalpur district [33]; sex stimulant by FMPs of Shetabganj village, Dinajpur district [32]; impotency by FMPs of Daulatdia Ghat, Kushtia district [51]; physical weakness, stoppage of urination by FMPs of six villages in Greater Naogaon district [53]; pimple, spermatorrhea by FMPs of seven villages in Ishwardi Upazilla, Pabna district [54]; to increase libido, sexually transmitted diseases by FMPs of three villages in Kurigram district [58]; sexual weakness by a FMP of Savar in Dhaka district [60]; osteoporosis, blood dysentery, piles by FMPs of four villages in Natore and Rajshahi districts [61]; leucorrhea by TMPs of 15 clans of the Garo tribe of Madhupur, Tangail district [63]; used as preventive medicine against spermatorrhea and cardiovascular disorders as well as to raise body resistance against diseases and to keep the body healthy and mind contented by FMP of Jhenidah district [66]; decreased semen density, erectile dysfunction by the tribal healers of Oraon tribe of Sylhet district [67]; physical weakness, sexual weakness, puerperal fever by the TMPs of the Rai Clan of the Tipra tribe of Sylhet Division [68]; diabetes by a Pahan TMP in Dinajpur district [71]; weakness, diarrhea by FMPs of three areas in Pirojpur district [74]; to increase libido, gastric ulcer by FMPs of Badarganj and Shekhertek villages in Rangpur district [79]; passing of semen with urine by FMPs of several areas of Faridpur and Rajbari districts [83]; diarrhea, dysentery by TMPs of Rai Kshatriya tribe of Pabna district [85]; diarthea, indigestion, burning sensations due to dehydration by FMPs of two villages in Bagerhat district [88]; physical weakness by a Chakma TMP practicing among Garo and Kush tribes in Sherpur district [93]; debility, infrequent urination by FMPs of Dhamrai sub-district, Dhaka district [97]; stoppage of urination and defecation by FMPs of Barisal Town, Barisal district [98]; being touched by ‘evil wind’ by TMPs of the Soren clan of the Santal tribe in Rajshahi district [104]; to increase sperm count by Christians living in Mirzapur village of Dinajpur ditrict, Bangladesh [108]; to increase sperm count by FMPs of Bheramara area in Kushtia district [110]; gonorrhea, acne by a FMP of Jamalpur district [106]; having difficulties in urinating by TMPs of Mro community of Gazalia Union in Bandarbans district [118].

Brassica oleracea L.

Calendula officinalis L.

Ear ache, skin infections, insect bite by FMPs of Bheramara area in Kushtia district [110].

Carica papaya L.

Dysentery, ringworm by the Garo tribe living in Netrakona district [19]; blood with cough, eczema, piles by FMPs of Sylhet Division, Bangladesh [41]; fever, blood dysentery by FMPs of Daudkandi sub-district of Comilla district [44]; digestive aid, to increase strength, respiratory problems, diabetes by FMPs in villages by the Padma River of Rajshahi district [48]; indigestion, bloating, stomach ache, jaundice, toothache, headache, kidney stones by FMPs of Station Purbo Para village, Jamalpur district [33]; piles by FMPs of six villages in Greater Naogaon district [53]; burning sensations and pain in the stomach, loss of appetite, indigestion by FMPs of a village in Narayanganj district [55]; to maintain healthy liver by FMPs of two villages in Natore district [31]; jaundice, diabetes by the tribal healers of Oraon tribe of Sylhet district [67]; spleen enlargement, eczema, loss of appetite, indigestion, constipation by the TMPs of the Rai Clan of the Tipra tribe of Sylhet Division [68]; dengue fever by FMPs and TMPs in the vicinity of Lawachara Forest Reserve, Moulvibazar district [72]; jaundice, to keep stomach cool by FMPs of three areas in Pirojpur district [74]; hematemesis, piles, liver, spleen and hepatic impairment, constipation by FMPs of two villages in Bagerhat district [88]; jaundice by the Teli clan of the Telegu tribe of Maulvibazar district [100]; constipation, anti-inflammatory, diabetes, anorexia, abortifacient by TMPs of Santal tribe of Rangpur district [107]; tuberculosis, constipation, helminthiasis, cooling, leucoderma, ecbolic, fever by FMPs of Boalia sub-district, Rajshahi district [109].

Cassia alata L.

Ring worm by the Garo tribe living in Netrakona district [19]; ringworm in Shitol Para village, Jhalokati district [42]; eczema, wound, anthelmintic, dermatitis, leucorrhea by FMPs of three villages in Natore and Rajshahi districts [43]; scabies, skin diseases by FMPs of Dinajpur district [45]; skin diseases by the Garo tribe inhabiting the Madhupur forest region of Bangladesh [46]; skin diseases by FMPs of Noakhali district [47]; ringworm by FMPs of Balidha village, Jessore district [50]; scabies by FMPs of Station Purbo Para village, Jamalpur district [33]; skin diseases by tribal medicinal practitioners (TMPs) of the Chakma tribe residing in Rangamati district [57]; eczema by TMPs of Goala tribe of Moulvibazar district [59]; sexual disorder by FMPs of four villages in Natore and Rajshahi districts [61]; eczema, scabies, skin infections by TMPs of 15 clans of the Garo tribe of Madhupur, Tangail district [63]; skin diseases by FMPs and TMPs in the vicinity of Lawachara Forest Reserve, Moulvibazar district [72]; ringworm, eczema by the Marma tribe living in Naikhongchhari, Bandarban district [75]; ringworm by the Tripura tribe residing in Chittagong Hill Tracts, Bangladesh [78]; skin disorder, eczema by TMPs of the Pankho tribe of Bilaichari Union, Rangamati district [86]; eczema by TMPs of the Khatriya and Kashya clans of the Bagdi tribe in Rajbari district [89]; skin infections by a Tonchongya tribal healer of Rangamati district [91]; eczema, any type of skin disorder by TMPs of the Harbang clan of the Tripura tribe of Mirsharai area, Chittagong district [95]; ringworm, eczema, itch, scabies, skin disease by TMPs of Tonchongya tribe of Roangchaari Upazila in Bandarban district [99]; skin diseases by TMPs of the Manipuri tribe in Kamalganj Upazila, Moulvibazar district [101]; eczema by a TMP of the Deb barma clan of the Tripura tribe of Moulvibazar district [103]; eczema by a FMP of Sreemangal Upazila in Maulvibazar district [105]; nocturnal emissions by FMPs of Bheramara area in Kushtia district [110]; stomach pain due to bloating or indigestion by TMPs of Tonchongya tribe of Bandarban district [114]; itches, skin disorders by a FMP of Aria Bazar village, Bogra district [119].

Cassia fistula L.

Cancer, injury, dermatitis by the Garo tribe living in Netrakona district [19]; asthma by FMPs of two villages in Rajshahi district [38]; helminthiasis in Shitol Para village, Jhalokati district [42]; long-term cough, nervous weakness, constipation by FMPs of Dinajpur district [45]; cracking of skin and helminthiasis in humans, dysentery of cattle by the Garo tribe inhabiting the Madhupur forest region of Bangladesh [46]; helminthiasis by FMPs of Noakhali district [47]; anal disorders (prolapse) by FMPs of Daulatdia Ghat, Kushtia district [51]; eczema, waist pain, coughs by a FMP of Savar in Dhaka district [60]; diarrhea by FMP from Jhenaidah district [66]; tonsillitis, rheumatism, leprosy by the TMPs of the Rai Clan of the Tipra tribe of Sylhet Division [68]; stomach pain by TMPs of two Marma tribal communities in two villages of Khagrachhari district [69]; tuberculosis by a Pahan TMP in Dinajpur district [71]; fevers, to stimulate appetite by the Marma tribe living in Naikhongchhari, Bandarban district [75]; coughs, obesity, laxative, fever, heart disorders, biliary problem, carminative, piles, constipation, leprosy, coughs by FMPs of three villages in Sreepur Upazilla, Magura district [80]; jaundice by TMPs of Rai Kshatriya tribe of Pabna district [85]; constipation in children by TMPs of the Pankho tribe of Bilaichari Union, Rangamati district [86]; constipation in children by a Tonchongya tribal healer of Rangamati district [91]; snake repellent, eczema by folk herbalists in Comilla district [94]; bloating, urinary problems, stoppage of urination by TMPs of the Harbang clan of the Tripura tribe of Mirsharai area, Chittagong district [95]; purgative by FMPs of Barisal Town, Barisal district [98]; coughs, helminthiasis, diabetes, irregular urination, edema, constipation by TMPs of Tonchongya tribe of Roangchaari Upazila in Bandarban district [99]; stomach pain by a FMP of Sreemangal Upazila in Maulvibazar district [105]; leprosy, tonsillitis by Christians living in Mirzapur village of Dinajpur ditrict, Bangladesh [108]; gastrointestinal disorders in goats by the Santal tribe residing in Thakurgaon district [111];.

Cassia occidentalis L.

Paralysis in Faridpur district [40]; itch, appetizer, antiinflammatory, asthma, whooping cough, leucoderma by FMPs of three villages in Natore and Rajshahi districts [43]; eczema, gastric problems by FMPs of Dinajpur district [45]; nocturnal dyspnoea by FMPs in villages by the Ghaghot River of Rangpur district [48]; stomach ache by FMPs in villages by the Padma River of Rajshahi district [48]; gastrointestinal problems, stomach ache by FMPs of Shetabganj village, Dinajpur district [32]; boils, skin diseases, coughs, mucus, blood purifier by FMPs of Daulatdia Ghat, Kushtia district [51]; skin infections, scabies by FMPs of Chuadanga district [66]; paralysis by a FMP of a village in Faridpur district [40]; tonic, diabetes, malaria, fistula, to induce fertility in men by TMPs of Santal tribe of Rangpur district [107]; rheumatism by Christians living in Mirzapur village of Dinajpur ditrict, Bangladesh [108]; body poisoning, gall bladder problems, constipation by FMPs of Bheramara area in Kushtia district [110].

Centella asiatica (L.) Urb.

Dysentery and intestinal pain by the Garo tribe living in Netrakona district [19]; weakness in two villages of Rajshahi district [38]; dysentery in Vasu Bihar village, Bogra district [39]; dysentery and blood dysentery in Faridpur district [40]; indigestion, appetite stimulant by FMPs of Sylhet Division, Bangladesh [41]; dysentery, stomach ache, to increase memory in Shitol Para village, Jhalokati district [42]; body ache, dysentery by FMPs of Daudkandi sub-district of Comilla district [44]; indigestion, stomach infection by the Garo tribe inhabiting the Madhupur forest region of Bangladesh [46]; weakness, skin problems, dysentery, indigestion, cataract, gonorrhea, low semen, leucorrhea by FMPs of Noakhali district [47]; bone fracture by FMPs in villages by the Ghaghot River of Rangpur district [48]; sexual diseases by FMPs in villages by the Padma River of Rajshahi district [48]; dysentery by FMPs of Vasu Bihar village, Bogra district [49]; to keep head cool, diabetes, swelling in eyes, conjunctivitis in humans, cataract in goats by FMPs of Station Purbo Para village, Jamalpur district [33]; hair loss, dysentery, gastrointestinal disorders, injury by FMPs of Shetabganj village, Dinajpur district [32]; blood purifier, fever, diabetes by FMPs of Daulatdia Ghat, Kushtia district [51]; anemia, vomiting, stomach pain by FMPs of six villages in Greater Naogaon district [53]; cold, dysentery, blood purifier by FMPs of seven villages in Ishwardi Upazilla, Pabna district [54]; diarrhea, dysentery by FMPs of a village in Narayanganj district [55]; stomach pain, swelling (edema) in hands or legs by a FMP of Gachabari village in Tangail district [56]; flatulence, indigestion, hair loss by FMPs of three villages in Kurigram district [58]; to increase memory by a FMP of Savar in Dhaka district [60]; stomach pain, dysentery by TMPs of the Tudu sub-clan of the Santal tribe in Joypurhat district [62]; bloating, diarrhea, dysentery, to increase memory by FMPs of Bhola district [64]; dysentery by FMPs of two villages in Natore district [31]; dysentery, intestinal dysfunction by the tribal healers of Gor tribe of Sylhet district; to increase energy by the tribal healers of Oraon tribe of Sylhet district [67]; headache, stuttering in children by the TMPs of the Rai Clan of the Tipra tribe of Sylhet Division [68]; dysentery, blood dysentery by a FMP of a village in Faridpur district [40]; dysentery, abdominal pain by TMPs of two Marma tribal communities in two villages of Khagrachhari district [69]; dysentery, to enhance memory by a Pahan TMP in Dinajpur district [71]; diarrhea, dysentery, stomach pain by FMPs and TMPs in the vicinity of Lawachara Forest Reserve, Moulvibazar district [72]; ulcer by FMPs of three areas in Pirojpur district [74]; lack of breast milk following childbirth by the Santal tribe residing in Rajshahi district [77]; gastric disorder, stomach pain, diarrhea, blood dysentery, fever, cough by the Tripura tribe residing in Chittagong Hill Tracts, Bangladesh [78]; gastrointestinal disorders by FMPs of Badarganj and Shekhertek villages in Rangpur district [79]; fever, pain by FMPs of Terbaria and Babla villages in Tangail district [81]; jaundice, dysentery by FMPs of several areas of Faridpur and Rajbari districts [83]; stomach pain by TMPs of Naik clan of Rajbongshi tribe of Moulvibazar district [84]; stomach pain in children, dysentery by TMPs of Rai Kshatriya tribe of Pabna district [85]; rheumatic problems, gastric problems by a Kush tribal practitioner practicing among Garo and Kush tribes in Sherpur district [93]; bone fracture by folk herbalists in Comilla district [94]; helminthiasis, stomach ache by TMPs of the Harbang clan of the Tripura tribe of Mirsharai area, Chittagong district [95]; loss of appetite, diarrhea by TMPs of the Nag clan of the Rai Ghatual tribe in Moulvibazar district [96]; diarrhoea, gastric problems by FMPs of Dhamrai sub-district, Dhaka district [97]; diarrhea, dysentery by the Teli clan of the Telegu tribe of Maulvibazar district [100]; abdominal pain, gastric trouble by TMPs of the Manipuri tribe in Kamalganj Upazila, Moulvibazar district [101]; dysentery by TMPs of the Bauri tribal community of Moulvibazar district [102]; stomach disorders by a TMP of the Deb barma clan of the Tripura tribe of Moulvibazar district [103]; jaundice by TMPs of the Hodi tribe in Sherpur district [112]; anemia by TMPs of Mro community of Gazalia Union in Bandarbans district [118].

Cinnamomum tamala (Buch.-Ham.) T.Nees & C.H.Eberm

Bloating, indigestion by FMPs of Sylhet Division, Bangladesh [41]; excessive sweat, appearance of small pustules on the body due to excessive heat or sweating which itches in Shitol Para village, Jhalokati district [42]; for strong teeth by FMPs of Daudkandi sub-district of Comilla district [44]; coughs, cold by FMPs of Dinajpur district [45]; whooping cough by FMPs of six villages in Greater Naogaon district [53]; diabetes, cold by FMPs of four villages in Natore and Rajshahi districts [61]; coughs, vomiting, loss of appetite by FMPs of Bhola district [64]; influenza by a FMP of Jhalokathi in Barisal district [65]; infertility in woman by FMPs of Chuadanga district [66]; puerperal fever, rheumatic pain by the TMPs of the Rai Clan of the Tipra tribe of Sylhet Division [68]; excessive sexual desire, coughs, bloating, piles, loss of appetite, sexual disorder by FMPs of three villages in Sreepur Upazilla, Magura district [80]; excessive sexual desire, coughs, flatulence, piles, bloating, loss of appetite, sexual disorder by FMPs of two villages in Bagerhat district [88]; coughs, bloating, appetite stimulant, biliary disorders, piles by the Santal tribe residing in Thakurgaon district [111]; colic in Paikgacha sub-district of Khulna district [113].

Cinnamomum verum J. Presl.

diabetes by FMPs of Station Purbo Para village, Jamalpur district [33]; bone fracture, asthma, uterine problems by FMPs of several areas of Faridpur and Rajbari districts [55]; infertility in woman by FMPs of Chuadanga district [66]; stomach pain, puerperal fever, rheumatic pain, stomach pain by the TMPs of the Rai Clan of the Tipra tribe of Sylhet Division [68]; any type of cancer by TMPs of Kole and Rai tribes of Rajshahi and Nawabganj districts [73]; pain by TMPs of the Nag clan of the Rai Ghatual tribe in Moulvibazar district [96]; to strengthen stomach by a FMP of Jamalpur district [106]; to increase sperm count, biliary disorders, rheumatism by the Santal tribe residing in Thakurgaon district [111].

Cissus quadrangularis L.

Wounds and sprains by the Garo tribe living in Netrakona district [19]; bone fracture in two villages of Rajshahi district [38]; tonic, sprain, sedative by FMPs of three villages in Natore and Rajshahi districts [43]; bone fracture by FMPs of Daudkandi sub-district of Comilla district [44]; bone fracture by the Garo tribe inhabiting the Madhupur forest region of Bangladesh [46]; rheumatic fever, joint pain by FMPs of Noakhali district, pain by FMPs of Feni district [47]; bone fracture by FMPs of Balidha village, Jessore district [50]; bone fracture by FMPs of Station Purbo Para village, Jamalpur district [33]; bone fracture by FMPs of Shetabganj village, Dinajpur district [32]; bone fracture by FMPs of Vitbilia village in Pabna district [52]; bone fracture, sprain by FMPs of three villages in Kurigram district [58]; bone fracture in hand or leg by TMPs of 15 clans of the Garo tribe of Madhupur, Tangail district [63]; bone fracture by FMPs of two villages in Natore district [31]; bone fracture in hands or legs by FMP from Jhenaidah district [66]; bone fracture by a Pahan TMP in Dinajpur district [71]; bone fracture in hands or legs by TMPs of Kole and Rai tribes of Rajshahi and Nawabganj districts [73].bone fracture by the Santal tribe residing in Rajshahi district [77]; bone fracture by TMPs of Bongshi tribe in Tangail district [82]; bone fracture by FMPs of several areas of Faridpur and Rajbari districts [83]; bone fracture by TMPs of the Murmu tribal community residing in Rajshahi district [87]; bone fracture by TMPs of the Khatriya and Kashya clans of the Bagdi tribe in Rajbari district [89]; bone fracture by FMPs of Dinajpur district [97]; bone fracture by TMPs of the Manipuri tribe in Kamalganj Upazila, Moulvibazar district [101]; bone fracture by a FMP of Sreemangal Upazila in Maulvibazar district [105]; sprain in hand or leg constipation by a Kush TMP practicing among Garo and Kush tribes in Sherpur district [109]; bone fracture by FMPs of Bheramara area in Kushtia district [110]; bone fractures, pain due to fractures by the Santal tribe residing in Thakurgaon district [111]; indigestion in Paikgacha sub-district of Khulna district [113];

Citrus acida Pers.

Dandruff, vomiting by FMPs of Daudkandi sub-district of Comilla district [44]; loss of appetite, indigestion, vomiting tendency, acne, dandruff by FMPs of Station Purbo Para village, Jamalpur district [33]; facial scars and spots, vitamin C deficiency by FMPs of Terbaria and Babla villages in Tangail district [81]; helminthiasis, abdominal discomfort, to increase appetite, flatulence, coughs, piles by FMPs of two villages in Bagerhat district [88]; carminative, gall bladder diseases by FMPs of Bheramara area in Kushtia district [110]; to keep head cool, restless feeling by the Santal tribe residing in Thakurgaon district [111].

Citrus grandis Hassk.

Appetite stimulant, vomiting, fever by FMPs of Sylhet Division, Bangladesh [41]; aphrodisiac by FMPs of Balidha village, Jessore district [50]; to increase appetite, blood purifier, fever by FMPs of Station Purbo Para village, Jamalpur district [33]; loss of appetite, vomiting, fever by the tribal healers of Oraon tribe of Sylhet district [67]; fever by FMPs of three areas in Pirojpur district [74]; to increase strength, carminative, indigestion by FMPs of Bheramara area in Kushtia district [110]; deformities in head of young children by the Santal tribe residing in Thakurgaon district [111].

Clerodendrum viscosum Vent.

Lice infections by the Garo tribe living in Netrakona district [19]; gastrointestinal disorders in Vasu Bihar village, Bogra district [39] coughs in children by FMPs of Sylhet Division, Bangladesh [41]; nausea, vomiting, puerperal fever in Shitol Para village, Jhalokati district [42]; tonic, gastritis, dermatitis, dysentery by FMPs of three villages in Natore and Rajshahi districts [43]; helminthiasis, dysentery, jaundice by FMPs of Dinajpur district [45] colic pain by the Garo tribe inhabiting the Madhupur forest region of Bangladesh [46]; coughs, asthma, skin diseases, snake bite, gonorrhea, low semen, leucorrhea by FMPs of Noakhali district [47]; itch by FMPs in villages by the Padma River of Rajshahi district [48]; gastrointestinal disorders by FMPs of Vasu Bihar village, Bogra district [49]; helminthiasis by FMPs of Balidha village, Jessore district [50]; blood dysentery, dysentery, infections by FMPs of Station Purbo Para village, Jamalpur district [33]; pain by FMPs of Shetabganj village, Dinajpur district [32]; fever, burning sensations in the body, helminthiasis by FMPs of six villages in Greater Naogaon district [53]; skin diseases, sexual weakness by FMPs of seven villages in Ishwardi Upazilla, Pabna district [54]; frequent urination, diabetes by tribal medicinal practitioners (TMPs) of the Chakma tribe residing in Rangamati district [57]; liver problems by a FMP of Savar in Dhaka district [60]; helminthiasis, rheumatic pain by FMPs of Bhola district [64]; coughs by the tribal healers of Gor tribe of Sylhet district; anthrax in cattle by the tribal healers of Oraon tribe of Sylhet district [67]; stomach pain by the Marma tribe living in Naikhongchhari, Bandarban district [75];]; helminthiasis, toothache, lesions within the ear, fever with convulsions, malaria by the Rakhain tribe inhabiting the Chittagong Hill Tracts region [76]; stomach pain, acidity, redness of eye, malaria fever, fever, cough, helminthiasis, respiratory problem, aphrodisiac, analgesic by the Tripura tribe residing in Chittagong Hill Tracts, Bangladesh [78]; helminthiasis, frequent urination by FMPs of Badarganj and Shekhertek villages in Rangpur district [79]; pain in body, blood purifier by FMPs of Terbaria and Babla villages in Tangail district [81]; pain by TMPs of Bongshi tribe in Tangail district [82]; malaria fever, any type of stomach pain by TMPs of Tonchongya tribe of Bandarban district [82]; feeling of weakness during time of menstruation by TMPs of the Harbang clan of the Tripura tribe of Mirsharai area, Chittagong district [95]; fever in children, toothache, pain in gums by FMPs of Dhamrai sub-district, Dhaka district [97]; hookworm infection by FMPs of Barisal Town, Barisal district [98]; stomach pain by TMPs of Chakma tribe of Rangapanir Chara Area in Khagrachaari district [34]; jaundice, helminthiasis by a TMP of the Deb barma clan of the Tripura tribe of Moulvibazar district [103]; jaundice by a FMP of Sreemangal Upazila in Maulvibazar district [105]; skin eruption, fever, dysentery by TMPs of Santal tribe of Rangpur district [107]; helminthiasis, ulcer by Christians living in Mirzapur village of Dinajpur ditrict, Bangladesh [108]; helminthiasis, infections from scorpion bites by the Santal tribe residing in Thakurgaon district [111]; burning sensations in the chest, salty taste in mouth when burping, flatulency, gastric pain by TMPs of the Sigibe clan of the Khumi tribe of Thanchi sub-district in Bandarban district [115].

Coccinia cordifolia (L.) Cogn.

Total paralysis or numbness of body, burning sensations in head or soles of feet by FMPs of two villages in Rajshahi district [38]; burning sensations during urination, diabetes by FMPs of Sylhet Division, Bangladesh [41]; burning sensations in the body, blood dysentery, scabies, leucoderma, diabetes in Shitol Para village, Jhalokati district [42]; coughs, diabetes, dysentery, emetic, burn by FMPs of three villages in Natore and Rajshahi districts [43]; mental disease, diabetes by FMPs of Daudkandi sub-district of Comilla district [44]; hypertension, diabetes by FMPs of Dinajpur district [45]; diabetes by FMPs of Feni district [47]; sunstroke, diabetes by FMPs in villages by the Bangali River of Bogra district [48]; headache by FMPs in villages by the Padma River of Rajshahi district [48]; diabetes, to keep head cool, dysentery, skin diseases, burning sensations in hands or feet by FMPs of Station Purbo Para village, Jamalpur district [33]; hematemesis, loss of appetite, diabetes, flatulency by FMPs of Shetabganj village, Dinajpur district [32]; typhoid, eczema, leucoderma, lesion on tongue by FMPs of Daulatdia Ghat, Kushtia district [51]; diabetes, jaundice by FMPs of Vitbilia village in Pabna district [52]; diabetes, debility, to keep head cool, burning sensations in the body by FMPs of six villages in Greater Naogaon district [53]; dysentery, burns by FMPs of seven villages in Ishwardi Upazilla, Pabna district [54]; diabetes, stomach pain by FMPs of a village in Narayanganj district [55]; diarrhea, dysentery by a FMP of Gachabari village in Tangail district [56]; menstrual problems like burning sensations during urination, frequent urination, diabetes by tribal medicinal practitioners (TMPs) of the Chakma tribe residing in Rangamati district [57]; diabetes, loss of appetite, flatulence by FMPs of three villages in Kurigram district [58]; burning sensations in the body, diabetes by a FMP of Savar in Dhaka district [60]; moisturizer for dry skin by FMPs of four villages in Natore and Rajshahi districts [61]; blood purifier, loss of appetite, diabetes, injury, sprains by TMPs of 15 clans of the Garo tribe of Madhupur, Tangail district [63]; coughs, bloating by FMPs of Bhola district [64]; diabetes, intestinal dysfunction by the tribal healers of Oraon tribe of Sylhet district [67]; diabetes, fever by the TMPs of the Rai Clan of the Tipra tribe of Sylhet Division [68]; diabetes by TMPs of two Marma tribal communities in two villages of Khagrachhari district [69]; abscess by TMPs of Kole and Rai tribes of Rajshahi and Nawabganj districts [73];diabetes, dysentery, flatulence, to keep stomach in good condition by FMPs of three areas in Pirojpur district [74]; diabetes, swellings, diarrhoea, blood purifier, loss of appetite, indigestion by FMPs of Terbaria and Babla villages in Tangail district [81]; to keep head cool, diabetes, dysentery, jaundice by FMPs of several areas of Faridpur and Rajbari districts [83]; diabetes by TMPs of Rai Kshatriya tribe of Pabna district [85]; diabetes, pain by TMPs of the Murmu tribal community residing in Rajshahi district [87]; skin disease, tumors, headache, pseudo-tumors, diabetes, jaundice, cataract, skin eruptions, laxative, gonorrhea by FMPs of two villages in Bagerhat district [88]; diabetes by TMPs of the Tripura tribe residing in Comilla district [90]; diabetes, dizziness by TMPs of the Harbang clan of the Tripura tribe of Mirsharai area, Chittagong district [95]; dysentery, oral lesions by FMPs of Dhamrai sub-district, Dhaka district [97]; to keep head cool, burning sensations in hands or feet, diabetes by FMPs of Barisal Town, Barisal district [98]; diabetes, fever, jaundice by TMPs of the Manipuri tribe in Kamalganj Upazila, Moulvibazar district [101]; diabetes by a FMP of Sreemangal Upazila in Maulvibazar district [105]; headache, lesions on tongue by a FMP of Jamalpur district [106];diabetes by Christians living in Mirzapur village of Dinajpur ditrict, Bangladesh [108]; diabetes, edema, eye diseases by FMPs of Boalia sub-district, Rajshahi district [109]; whitish discharge in urine of men by FMPs of Bheramara area in Kushtia district [110]; mental depression, disability to work, blood dysentery, body pain by the Santal tribe residing in Thakurgaon district [111]; rheumatic pain, sciatica by a TMP of the Sardar (Dhangor) community in Chuadanga district [116]; jaundice, diabetes by TMPs of Khasia tribe in several sub-districts in Sylhet district [117]; baldness, diabetes, sunstroke, scar by FMPs of two villages by the Rupsha River in Bagerhat district [120].

Cocos nucifera L.

Skin diseases, skin spots, diarrhea by the Garo tribe living in Netrakona district [19]; to strengthen hair, debility by FMPs of Sylhet Division, Bangladesh [41]; ringworm, oral infection, gingivitis, pain in animal in Shitol Para village, Jhalokati district [42]; diuretic, helminthiasis, jaundice, acne, lack of appetite by FMPs in villages by the Bangali River of Bogra district [48]; to keep head cool, diabetes by FMPs of Station Purbo Para village, Jamalpur district [33]; hair loss, skin sores, head lice by a FMP of Savar in Dhaka district [60]; skin disease by FMPs of three areas in Pirojpur district [74]; biliary problem, burning sensations from dehydration, hematemesis, hyperacidity by FMPs of two villages in Bagerhat district [88]; jaundice, anti-inflammatory, acne by TMPs of Santal tribe of Rangpur district [107]; syphilis, jaundice, diabetes, cholera by FMPs of Boalia sub-district, Rajshahi district [109].

Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott

Cuts and wounds by the Garo tribe living in Netrakona district [19]; severe jaundice, digestive aid, constipation in Shitol Para village, Jhalokati district [42]; colic, indigestion by FMPs of three villages in Natore and Rajshahi districts [43]; astringent, carminative, scar, tumor, infertility in male or female by FMPs in villages by the Bangali River of Bogra district [48]; rheumatic pain, paralysis by FMPs of Shetabganj village, Dinajpur district [32]; rheumatic pain, paralysis by FMPs of three villages in Kurigram district [58]; severe headache by FMPs and TMPs in the vicinity of Lawachara Forest Reserve, Moulvibazar district [72]; cuts and wounds to stop bleeding, blood purifier, to strengthen bones by FMPs of Dhamrai sub-district, Dhaka district [97]; diabetes by the Teli clan of the Telegu tribe of Maulvibazar district [100]; anemia, malnutrition by TMPs of the Manipuri tribe in Kamalganj Upazila, Moulvibazar district [101]; rheumatic pain by a TMP of the Deb barma clan of the Tripura tribe of Moulvibazar district [103]; infections, whitish or darkish pathes of skin on face, infertility by a FMP of Jamalpur district [106]; piles, diarrhea, dysentery, wound by TMPs of Santal tribe of Rangpur district [107]; prolapse of uterus by TMPs of the Hodi tribe in Sherpur district [112]; astringent, dermatitis, bloating, tiger bite, helminthiasis, emetic by FMPs of two villages by the Rupsha River in Bagerhat district [120].

Curcuma longa L.

Skin diseases in Vasu Bihar village, Bogra district [39]; helminthiasis, itches by FMPs of Sylhet Division, Bangladesh [41]; jaundice, skin disorders, to increase brightness of skin in Shitol Para village, Jhalokati district [42]; gonorrhea, anthelmintic, sore throat, hepatitis, appetizer, allergy, eye disorders by FMPs of three villages in Natore and Rajshahi districts [43]; acne by FMPs of Daudkandi sub-district of Comilla district [44]; allergy, skin diseases, scabies, leprosy by FMPs in villages by the Ghaghot River of Rangpur district [48]; skin diseases by FMPs of Vasu Bihar village, Bogra district [49]; excessive bile secretion by FMPs of Balidha village, Jessore district [50]; allergy by FMPs of Station Purbo Para village, Jamalpur district [33]; filariasis by FMPs of Shetabganj village, Dinajpur district [32]; to improve skin texture, sprain by FMPs of Daulatdia Ghat, Kushtia district [51]; helminthiasis, skin diseases, loss of appetite, to increase memory by FMPs of a village in Narayanganj district [55]; hypertension, abscess by tribal medicinal practitioners (TMPs) of the Chakma tribe residing in Rangamati district [57]; bone fracture, sprain by FMPs of three villages in Kurigram district [58]; allergy by a FMP of Jhalokathi in Barisal district [65]; infertility in women, vomiting in children by FMPs of Chuadanga district [66]; bone fracture, sex stimulant by the tribal healers of Oraon tribe of Sylhet district [67]; puerperal fever, scabies by the TMPs of the Rai Clan of the Tipra tribe of Sylhet Division [68]; liver disorders by FMPs and TMPs in the vicinity of Lawachara Forest Reserve, Moulvibazar district [72]; kala azar by TMPs of Kole and Rai tribes of Rajshahi and Nawabganj districts [73]; arthritis, gout by FMPs of three areas in Pirojpur district [74]; nocturnal emission, scabies, eczema by FMPs of Terbaria and Babla villages in Tangail district [81]; excessive sexual desire, rheumatism, leprosy, diabetes, edema by FMPs of three villages in Sreepur Upazilla, Magura district [80]; to improve skin color, to control excessive sexual desire, rheumatism, leprosy, diabetes, edema by FMPs of two villages in Bagerhat district [88]; to whiten complexion by a FMP practicing among tea garden workers in Sreemangal, Maulvibazar district [92]; helminthiasis by folk herbalists in Comilla district [94]; diarrhea, dysentery by the Teli clan of the Telegu tribe of Maulvibazar district [100]; chicken pox by a TMP of the Deb barma clan of the Tripura tribe of Moulvibazar district [103]; chicken pox, mucus by a FMP of Jamalpur district [106]; hypotonia, scabies, leucoderma, to increase fertility in women, acne by TMPs of Santal tribe of Rangpur district [107]; jaundice, diarrhea, dysentery, small pox, gonorrhoea, eczema, sedative by FMPs of Boalia sub-district, Rajshahi district [109]; snake bite by FMPs of Bheramara area in Kushtia district [110]; jaundice, tumor, sprain, dermatitis, conjunctivitis, small pox, colic by FMPs of two villages by the Rupsha River in Bagerhat district [120].

Cuscuta reflexa Roxb.

Sexual diseases by the Garo tribe living in Netrakona district [19];itches in Vasu Bihar village, Bogra district [39]; gastrointestinal disorders, body pain by FMPs of Sylhet Division, Bangladesh [41]; jaundice, liver diseases, uterus and liver pain in Shitol Para village, Jhalokati district [42]; alopecia, acne, glassiness of skin by FMPs of three villages in Natore and Rajshahi districts [43]; jaundice, helminthiasis by the Garo tribe inhabiting the Madhupur forest region of Bangladesh [46]; carminative by FMPs of Noakhali district [47]; itches by FMPs of Vasu Bihar village, Bogra district [49]; fever, jaundice, to maintain good health, to keep body cool by FMPs of Station Purbo Para village, Jamalpur district [33]; stoppage of urination by FMPs of six villages in Greater Naogaon district [53]; jaundice by a FMP of Gachabari village in Tangail district [56]; female infertility, fever by FMPs of four villages in Natore and Rajshahi districts [61]; gastric troubles by FMPs of Bhola district [64]; anthrax in cattle, jaundice by the tribal healers of Oraon tribe of Sylhet district [67]; jaundice by FMPs and TMPs in the vicinity of Lawachara Forest Reserve, Moulvibazar district [72]; sexual stimulant by the Marma tribe living in Naikhongchhari, Bandarban district [75]; fever, body pain, rheumatic pain, sex stimulant by the Rakhain tribe inhabiting the Chittagong Hill Tracts region [76]; excessive bleeding following menstruation by the Santal tribe residing in Rajshahi district [77]; edema, body ache, sexual stimulant, maintain good hepatic functions, jaundice by the Tripura tribe residing in Chittagong Hill Tracts, Bangladesh [78]; hair loss by TMPs of Naik clan of Rajbongshi tribe of Moulvibazar district [84]; jaundice by TMPs of the Tripura tribe residing in Comilla district [90]; diabetes by TMPs of the Harbang clan of the Tripura tribe of Mirsharai area, Chittagong district [95]; to stop bleeding from wounds, jaundice by FMPs of Dhamrai sub-district, Dhaka district [97]; jaundice by FMPs of Barisal Town, Barisal district [98]; aphrodisiac, diabetes by TMPs of Tonchongya tribe of Roangchaari Upazila in Bandarban district [99]; abdominal pain, helminthiasis, skin diseases by TMPs of the Manipuri tribe in Kamalganj Upazila, Moulvibazar district [101]; fever, jaundice by TMPs of the Bauri tribal community of Moulvibazar district [102]; low sperm count, jaundice by a FMP of Sreemangal Upazila in Maulvibazar district [105]; heart disorders by Christians living in Mirzapur village of Dinajpur ditrict, Bangladesh [108]; indigestion in Rampal sub-district of Bagerhat district [113].

Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.

Cuts and wounds by the Garo tribe living in Netrakona district [19];yellowish coloration of urine, bleeding from cuts and wounds in two villages of Rajshahi district [38]; to stop bleeding in Vasu Bihar village, Bogra district [39]; cuts and wounds, infections by FMPs of Sylhet Division, Bangladesh [41]; to stop bleeding in Shitol Para village, Jhalokati district [42]; leucorrhea, gonorrhea, diabetes, stop bleeding, infertility by FMPs of three villages in Natore and Rajshahi districts [43]; to stop bleeding by FMPs of Daudkandi sub-district of Comilla district [44]; piles by FMPs of Noakhali district [47]; astringent, tonsillitis, dermatitis, inflammation, laxative by FMPs in villages by the Bangali River of Bogra district [48]; external wound, kidney and gall bladder stones by FMPs in villages by the Padma River of Rajshahi district [48]; to stop bleeding by FMPs of Vasu Bihar village, Bogra district [49]; chronic dysentery, to keep body healthy, to stop bleeding by FMPs of Station Purbo Para village, Jamalpur district [33]; skin diseases, less urination by FMPs of Daulatdia Ghat, Kushtia district [51]; wounds, acne by FMPs of Vitbilia village in Pabna district [52]; excessive bleeding from the ovary, anemia, vomiting, stomach pain, infection of the uterus by FMPs of six villages in Greater Naogaon district [53]; sprain, cuts and wounds by FMPs of a village in Narayanganj district [55]; cuts and wounds, infected wounds by a FMP of Gachabari village in Tangail district [56]; whitish discharge in urine of women, gastric p[roblems, sexual weakness, bleeding from external cuts and wounds by a FMP of Savar in Dhaka district [60]; to stop bleeding from cuts and wounds by FMPs of four villages in Natore and Rajshahi districts [61]; to stop bleeding from cuts and wounds by FMPs of Bhola district [64]; blood dysentery by a FMP of Jhalokathi in Barisal district [65]; infections, bleeding while pregnant by FMPs of Chuadanga district [66]; headache, infection, erectile dysfunction by the tribal healers of Oraon tribe of Sylhet district [67]; lesions on tongue by the TMPs of the Rai Clan of the Tipra tribe of Sylhet Division [68]; to stop bleeding by TMPs of two Marma tribal communities in two villages of Khagrachhari district [69]; vomiting by TMPs and FMPs practicing within a Khasia tribal community in Jaflong area, Sylhet district [70]; to stop bleeding from cuts and wounds by FMPs and TMPs in the vicinity of Lawachara Forest Reserve, Moulvibazar district [72]; coughs, cuts and wounds by FMPs of Badarganj and Shekhertek villages in Rangpur district [79]; loss of libido, provides a feeling of satisfaction, biliary/hepatic disorders, thirst, vomiting, burning sensations in the body, blood purifier, coughs, fainting, loss of appetite by FMPs of three villages in Sreepur Upazilla, Magura district [80]; bleeding from external cuts and wounds by FMPs of several areas of Faridpur and Rajbari districts [83]; stomach infections, infections of uterus, to stop bleeding from external cuts and wounds by TMPs of Rai Kshatriya tribe of Pabna district [85]; to stop bleeding by FMPs of Dhamrai sub-district, Dhaka district [97]; excessive bleeding during menstruation by FMPs of Barisal Town, Barisal district [98]; cuts and wounds by TMPs of the Manipuri tribe in Kamalganj Upazila, Moulvibazar district [101]; jaundice by TMPs of the Bauri tribal community of Moulvibazar district [102]; chicken pox by a FMP of Jamalpur district [106]; tonsillitis, astringent, snake bite, dog bite by TMPs of Santal tribe of Rangpur district [107]; diabetes by the Santal tribe residing in Thakurgaon district [111]; bleeding through the nose and mouth and passing of blood with urine by TMPs of the Hodi tribe in Sherpur district [112]; physical weakness by a TMP of the Sardar (Dhangor) community in Chuadanga district [116];.

Datura metel L.

Mental disorders by the Garo tribe living in Netrakona district [19]; pain in two villages of Rajshahi district [38]; paralysis in Faridpur district [40]; body ache by FMPs of Sylhet Division, Bangladesh [41]; head lice, pain and swelling in breasts of females in Shitol Para village, Jhalokati district [42]; rheumatoid arthritis, anthelmintic, carminative, acne, impotency, antidote to poison by FMPs of three villages in Natore and Rajshahi districts [43]; joint pain, pain in leg by FMPs of Dinajpur district [45]; head lice infestation by FMPs of Balidha village, Jessore district [50]; dog bite, helminthiasis by FMPs of Shetabganj village, Dinajpur district [32]; swelling and pain, excessive breathing, to enlarge pupil of eye, swelling of gums and base of ears, breast pain by FMPs of Daulatdia Ghat, Kushtia district [51]; body pain by FMPs of Vitbilia village in Pabna district [52]; respiratory difficulties by FMPs of six villages in Greater Naogaon district [53]; joint pain by FMPs of seven villages in Ishwardi Upazilla, Pabna district [54]; skin diseases, dandruff by FMPs of a village in Narayanganj district [55]; cuts and wounds (to stop bleeding) by tribal medicinal practitioners (TMPs) of the Chakma tribe residing in Rangamati district [57]; dog bite, helminthiasis, elephantiasis by FMPs of three villages in Kurigram district [58]; body irritation by FMPs of four villages in Natore and Rajshahi districts [61]; mucus, pain, insanity by TMPs of 15 clans of the Garo tribe of Madhupur, Tangail district [63]; rheumatism by FMP from Jhenaidah district [66]; intestinal dysfunction, wounds, paralysis by the tribal healers of Oraon tribe of Sylhet district [67]; whole body pain by the TMPs of the Rai Clan of the Tipra tribe of Sylhet Division [68]; paralysis by a FMP of a village in Faridpur district [40]; pus in ears by a Pahan TMP in Dinajpur district [71]; abscess by FMPs of three areas in Pirojpur district [74]; throat pain in children by the Santal tribe residing in Rajshahi district [77]; sudden insanity by FMPs of Badarganj and Shekhertek villages in Rangpur district [79]; antidote to poisoning by FMPs of Terbaria and Babla villages in Tangail district [81];]; pain, ear ache, paralysis by TMPs of Bongshi tribe in Tangail district [82]; being possessed by ‘ghosts’ by TMPs of Rai Kshatriya tribe of Pabna district [85]; allergy, asthma by TMPs of the Tripura tribe residing in Comilla district [90]; abscess, shrinking of pupils in the eyes, swelling of ear lobes by a FMP practicing among tea garden workers in Sreemangal, Maulvibazar district [92]; scabies, eczema, allergy by FMPs of Barisal Town, Barisal district [98]; cough, headache, dizziness, bloating by TMPs of the Harbang clan of the Tripura tribe of Mirsharai area, Chittagong district [95]; asthma, pain in eyes, insanity by Christians living in Mirzapur village of Dinajpur ditrict, Bangladesh [108]; joint pain by TMPs of the Sigibe clan of the Khumi tribe of Thanchi sub-district in Bandarban district [115]; hypotonic, helminthiasis, snake bite, sedative, anti-spasmodic, burn by FMPs of two villages by the Rupsha River in Bagerhat district [120].

Delonix regia (Bojer) Raf.

To increase sexual energy by the tribal healers of Oraon tribe of Sylhet district [67].

Dillenia indica L.

Sex stimulant by FMPs of Daudkandi sub-district of Comilla district [44]; dysentery by FMPs of Dinajpur district [45]; loss of appetite, to prevent stomach upsets, diarrhea, dysentery by FMPs of a village in Narayanganj district [55]; dysentery, sexually transmitted diseases by FMPs of three villages in Kurigram district [58]; indigestion, loss of appetite by a FMP of a village in Faridpur district [40]; to enhance digestion by FMPs of three areas in Pirojpur district [74]; edema, abscess, appetite stimulant by the Tripura tribe residing in Chittagong Hill Tracts, Bangladesh [78]; hydrocele, contraceptive by FMPs of Barisal Town, Barisal district [98]; diarrhea by TMPs of the Bauri tribal community of Moulvibazar district [102].

Diospyros peregrina Gürke

Mucus with stool by FMPs in villages by the Padma River of Rajshahi district [48]; constipation, anorexia by FMPs of Vasu Bihar village, Bogra district [49]; leucorrhea, thorn-induced infections, gangrene, cough, mucus, biliary diseases, blood purifier by FMPs of Daulatdia Ghat, Kushtia district [51]; oral lesions, skin infections by the TMPs of the Rai Clan of the Tipra tribe of Sylhet Division [68]; dysentery, diabetes by FMPs of three areas in Pirojpur district [74]; fever, skin problems, rheumatic pain, cold, respiratory problem by the Rakhain tribe inhabiting the Chittagong Hill Tracts region [76]; dysentery, injury by FMPs of Dhamrai sub-district, Dhaka district [97].

Elettaria cardamomum (L.) Maton

To increase strength, appetite stimulant by FMPs of Station Purbo Para village, Jamalpur district [33]; infertility in women by FMPs of Chuadanga district [66]; coughs, blood disorders, anti-infective, abnormal palpitation of heart, poisonous bites, rheumatism, stomatitis, gum disorders, vomiting, respiratory distress by FMPs of two villages in Bagerhat district [88]; toothache by a FMP of Jamalpur district [106]; jaundice by a TMP of the Sardar (Dhangor) community in Chuadanga district [116].

Emblica officinalis Gaertn.

To increase taste, jaundice, gastric problems, indigestion by the Garo tribe living in Netrakona district [19]; tooth pain in Vasu Bihar village, Bogra district [39]; loss of appetite in Faridpur district [40]; appetite stimulant, indigestion by FMPs of Sylhet Division, Bangladesh [41]; burning sensations in urinary tract, leucorrhea, hair loss, reduce graying of hair in Shitol Para village, Jhalokati district [42]; alopecia, appetizer by FMPs of three villages in Natore and Rajshahi districts [43]; loss of hair, to stop vomiting by FMPs of Daudkandi sub-district of Comilla district [44]; hair loss, indigestion, debility by FMPs of Dinajpur district [45]; tooth pain by FMPs of Vasu Bihar village, Bogra district [49]; to increase appetite, skin diseases, fever, to increase strength, burning sensations during urination, hair loss, graying of hair by FMPs of Station Purbo Para village, Jamalpur district [33]; to prevent hair loss, respiratory tract disorders, hepatic disorders, gastrointestinal disorders by FMPs of Shetabganj village, Dinajpur district [32]; to stimulate appetite by FMPs of six villages in Greater Naogaon district [53]; loss of hair, irritation during urination by FMPs of seven villages in Ishwardi Upazilla, Pabna district [54]; stomach disorders, flatulence, indigestion by a FMP of Gachabari village in Tangail district [56]; haemorrhoids, gastrointestinal disorders, ulcer, gastric pain by tribal medicinal practitioners (TMPs) of the Chakma tribe residing in Rangamati district [57]; blood purifier, anemia, hair loss, coughs, spleen disorders, gastrointestinal disorders by FMPs of three villages in Kurigram district [58]; graying of hair by TMPs of Goala tribe of Moulvibazar district [59]; hair loss by a FMP of Savar in Dhaka district [60]; to increase sexual strength, to improve appetite by TMPs of 15 clans of the Garo tribe of Madhupur, Tangail district [63]; jaundice, to keep head cool, hair loss, graying of hair by FMPs of Bhola district [64]; blood dysentery by a FMP of Jhalokathi in Barisal district [65]; intestinal dysfunction, blood purifier by the tribal healers of Oraon tribe of Sylhet district [67]; headache, conjunctivitis by the TMPs of the Rai Clan of the Tipra tribe of Sylhet Division [68]; loss of appetite by a FMP of a village in Faridpur district [40]; mucus by TMPs of two Marma tribal communities in two villages of Khagrachhari district [69]; fever by TMPs and FMPs practicing within a Khasia tribal community in Jaflong area, Sylhet district [70]; diabetes, hair loss, dandruff, to strengthen hair by a Pahan TMP in Dinajpur district [71]; hair loss, blood purifier by FMPs and TMPs in the vicinity of Lawachara Forest Reserve, Moulvibazar district [72]; to maintain good health by FMPs of three areas in Pirojpur district [74]; fever, skin problems, loss of appetite, poisonous bites of animals or insects, diabetes by the Rakhain tribe inhabiting the Chittagong Hill Tracts region [76]; long-term fever, loss of appetite, sexual stimulant by the Tripura tribe residing in Chittagong Hill Tracts, Bangladesh [78]; to increase libido by FMPs of Badarganj and Shekhertek villages in Rangpur district [79]; biliary problem, alleviation of respiratory, stomach or hepatic problem, diabetes, fatigue, thirst, burning sensations in body especially in palms of hands or soles of feet, vomiting tendency, insanity by FMPs of three villages in Sreepur Upazilla, Magura district [80]; stomach troubles, gastric problems by FMPs of several areas of Faridpur and Rajbari districts [83]; anemia by TMPs of the Pankho tribe of Bilaichari Union, Rangamati district [86]; to increase strength, to clear urine by TMPs of Rai Kshatriya tribe of Pabna district [85]; vaginitis, burning sensations by FMPs of two villages in Bagerhat district [88loss of sensitivity in skin, chronic mucus, continuous sneezing with running water from nose, loss of sensitivity in skin due to allergy, small pustules on skin of children by FMPs of Barisal Town, Barisal district [98]; aphrodisiac, energizer, fever, body ache by TMPs of Tonchongya tribe of Roangchaari Upazila in Bandarban district [99]; cardiovascular disorders by TMPs of the Bauri tribal community of Moulvibazar district [102]; bleeding from gums, loss of appetite, headache, paralysis by a TMP of the Deb barma clan of the Tripura tribe of Moulvibazar district [103]; appetizer, gonorrhoea, toothache, itch by FMPs of Boalia sub-district, Rajshahi district [109]; erectile dysfunction by FMPs of Bheramara area in Kushtia district [110]; mucus, biliary disorders, loss of appetite, prevent hair loss by the Santal tribe residing in Thakurgaon district [111]; diabetes, cardiovascular disorders, weakness of heart, hysteria, osteoporosis by a TMP of the Sardar (Dhangor) community in Chuadanga district [116]; anemia by TMPs of Mro community of Gazalia Union in Bandarbans district [118]; fistula, vitamin C deficiency, lack of appetite, diarrhoea, dysentery, hepatitis, cold by FMPs of two villages by the Rupsha River in Bagerhat district [120].

Enydra fluctuans Lour.

Hepatitis in Vasu Bihar village, Bogra district [39]; blood problems, leucorrhea in Shitol Para village, Jhalokati district [42]; rheumatoid arthritis, constipation, itch, impotency, appetizer, edema by FMPs of three villages in Natore and Rajshahi districts [43]; chicken pox by FMPs in villages by the Ghaghot River of Rangpur district [48]; rabies, sedative, carminative, dermatitis by FMPs in villages by the Bangali River of Bogra district [48]; hepatitis by FMPs of Vasu Bihar village, Bogra district [49]; to keep head cool, burning sensations in the body by FMPs of six villages in Greater Naogaon district [53]; physical weakness, vision problems by FMPs of seven villages in Ishwardi Upazilla, Pabna district [54]; gastric ulcer by FMPs of three areas in Pirojpur district [74]; constipation, bitter, astringent, leprosy, bile secretion disorders, respiratory tract disorders, blood purifier by FMPs of three villages in Sreepur Upazilla, Magura district [80].

Feronia limonia Swingle

To enhance digestion by FMPs of three areas in Pirojpur district [74].

Ficus racemosa L.

Diabetes by the Garo tribe living in Netrakona district [19]; dysentery by FMPs of two villages in Rajshahi district [38]; coughs, blood dysentery by FMPs of Sylhet Division, Bangladesh [41]; ‘prodor’ disease (any disease prior to, during or following menstruation) in Shitol Para village, Jhalokati district [42]; leucorrhea by FMPs of Noakhali district [47]; stomach ache by FMPs of Balidha village, Jessore district [50]; to keep healthy, diabetes by FMPs of Station Purbo Para village, Jamalpur district [33]; diabetes by FMPs of Vitbilia village in Pabna district [52]; dysentery by FMPs of six villages in Greater Naogaon district [53]; pimples, eczema, bleeding due to external cuts and wounds, burning sensations during urination by FMPs of seven villages in Ishwardi Upazilla, Pabna district [54]; coughs, mucus, diarrhea, dysentery, debility by FMPs of a village in Narayanganj district [55]; loss of sexual desire, roughness of skin, biliary disorders, coughs, blood purifier, change of color of skin as in jaundice, acne, astringent by FMPs of three villages in Sreepur Upazilla, Magura district [80]; weakness, eye diseases, diabetes by TMPs of Bongshi tribe in Tangail district [82]; jaundice by FMPs of several areas of Faridpur and Rajbari districts [83]; to induce urination, to increase strength, gonorrhea, urethritis, to increase sexual desire, roughness of skin, biliary disorders, coughs, blood purifier, change of color of skin as in jaundice, acne, astringent by FMPs of two villages in Bagerhat district [88]; diabetes by a Chakma tribal practitioner practicing among Garo and Kush tribes in Sherpur district; [93]; diabetes by FMPs of Barisal Town, Barisal district [98]; headache, small pox, flatulence, cancer, dermatitis, burn by FMPs of two villages by the Rupsha River in Bagerhat district [120].

Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L.

Dysentery, debility by the Garo tribe living in Netrakona district [19]; leucorrhea in two villages of Rajshahi district [38]; dysentery by FMPs of Sylhet Division, Bangladesh [41]; gonorrhoea, constipation, sex stimulant, hematemesis, amenorrhea in Shitol Para village, Jhalokati district [42]; appetizer, anti-hemorrhagic by FMPs of three villages in Natore and Rajshahi districts [43]; lack of calcium by FMPs of Daudkandi sub-district of Comilla district [44]; stomach upsets and dysentery by the Garo tribe inhabiting the Madhupur forest region of Bangladesh [46]; leucorrhea by FMPs of Noakhali district [47]; loss of appetite by FMPs of Vasu Bihar village, Bogra district [49]; menstrual irregularities by FMPs of Balidha village, Jessore district [50]; to improve hair quality, coughs, flatulency by FMPs of Shetabganj village, Dinajpur district [32]; leucorrhea, passing of blood with urine in women, badhok disease (infertility in women due to problem in uterus) by FMPs of Vitbilia village in Pabna district [52]; menstrual difficulties by FMPs of six villages in Greater Naogaon district [53]; irregular menstruation, burns, blood dysentery by FMPs of a village in Narayanganj district [55]; prolonged menstruation by a FMP of Gachabari village in Tangail district [56]; diarrhea, infections on palm of hand by tribal medicinal practitioners (TMPs) of the Chakma tribe residing in Rangamati district [57]; hair loss by TMPs of Goala tribe of Moulvibazar district [59]; general weakness, debility by FMPs of four villages in Natore and Rajshahi districts [61]; excessive bleeding, leucorrhea by TMPs of the Tudu sub-clan of the Santal tribe in Joypurhat district [62]; leucorrhea by TMPs of 15 clans of the Garo tribe of Madhupur, Tangail district [63]; infertility by FMP from Jhenaidah district [66]; premature ejaculation by the tribal healers of Oraon tribe of Sylhet district [67]; tongue lesions, conjunctivitis, puerperal fever by the TMPs of the Rai Clan of the Tipra tribe of Sylhet Division [68]; dysentery in cattle, hair loss in humans by TMPs of two Marma tribal communities in two villages of Khagrachhari district [69]; injury by a Pahan TMP in Dinajpur district [71]; blood dysentery by FMPs and TMPs in the vicinity of Lawachara Forest Reserve, Moulvibazar district [72]; to induce vomiting, irregular menstruation by FMPs of three areas in Pirojpur district [74]; cataract by the Marma tribe living in Naikhongchhari, Bandarban district [75]; conjunctivitis, helminthiasis, viral fever, any fever, rheumatic pain, diabetes by the Rakhain tribe inhabiting the Chittagong Hill Tracts region [76]; puerperal fever by the Santal tribe residing in Rajshahi district [77]; infertility in females, to prevent death of infant following birth by TMPs of Rai Kshatriya tribe of Pabna district [85]; burning sensations during urination by a Chakma TMP practicing among Garo and Kush tribes in Sherpur district; dysentery by a Garo TMP practicing among Garo and Kush tribes in Sherpur district [93]; hair loss, excessive graying of hair, loss of brightness in hair by folk herbalists in Comilla district [94]; burning sensations during urination, yellowish color of urine by TMPs of the Nag clan of the Rai Ghatual tribe in Moulvibazar district [96]; frequent urination by FMPs of Dhamrai sub-district, Dhaka district [97]; dysentery by TMPs of the Manipuri tribe in Kamalganj Upazila, Moulvibazar district [101]; being touched by ‘evil wind’ by TMPs of the Soren clan of the Santal tribe in Rajshahi district [104]; blood dysentery by a FMP of Sreemangal Upazila in Maulvibazar district [105]; menstrual disorders by FMPs of Bheramara area in Kushtia district [110]; premature ejaculation by the Santal tribe residing in Thakurgaon district [111].

Hyptis suaveolens (L.) Poit.

Constipation by FMPs of Sylhet Division, Bangladesh [41]; gonorrhea by the Garo tribe inhabiting the Madhupur forest region of Bangladesh [46]; constipation, dysentery, burning sensations in stomach (acidity) by FMPs of a village in Narayanganj district [53low semen density, intestinal dysfunction by the tribal healers of Oraon tribe of Sylhet district [67]; tremor, constipation, burning sensations in the hands or body by TMPs of two Marma tribal communities in two villages of Khagrachhari district [69]; weakness by FMPs and TMPs in the vicinity of Lawachara Forest Reserve, Moulvibazar district [72];]; leucorrhea in women, low sperm density in men by TMPs of Bongshi tribe in Tangail district [82]; stomach ache in children by TMPs of the Pankho tribe of Bilaichari Union, Rangamati district [86]; constipation by TMPs of the Harbang clan of the Tripura tribe of Mirsharai area, Chittagong district [95]; cooling agent, kidney disease, urinary tract infections, dysuria, laxative by TMPs of Tonchongya tribe of Roangchaari Upazila in Bandarban district [99]; tumor, rheumatism by TMPs of the Manipuri tribe in Kamalganj Upazila, Moulvibazar district [101]; physical weakness, sense of hotness in head by a TMP of the Deb barma clan of the Tripura tribe of Moulvibazar district [103]; constipation, burning sensations during urination, anemia, low sperm count by a FMP of Sreemangal Upazila in Maulvibazar district [105]; malaria, headache, insect repellent by TMPs of Santal tribe of Rangpur district [107]; liver diseases, cancer, constipation by FMPs of Boalia sub-district, Rajshahi district [109]; constipation in Paikgacha sub-district of Khulna district [113]; diabetes by TMPs of Tonchongya tribe of Bandarban district [114].

Ipomoea aquatica Forssk.

Galactagogue, leucorrhea in Shitol Para village, Jhalokati district [42]; rheumatic swelling by FMPs of Noakhali district [47]; snake bite, astringent, skin disorder by FMPs in villages by the Bangali River of Bogra district [48]; gall bladder stones by FMPs of Daulatdia Ghat, Kushtia district [51]; to keep head cool, burning sensations in hands, feet, head or body by FMPs of six villages in Greater Naogaon district [53]; jaundice, diarrhea, skin diseases by FMPs of a village in Narayanganj district [55]; constipation by tribal medicinal practitioners (TMPs) of the Chakma tribe residing in Rangamati district [57]; antidote to poisoning, chicken pox by FMPs of three villages in Kurigram district [58]; gonorrhea, antidote to poisoning, to increase milk of nursing mother, low sperm count, low semen volume by FMPs of Bhola district [64]; cuts and wounds by a Pahan TMP in Dinajpur district [71]; gonorrhea, low sperm count by FMPs of three areas in Pirojpur district [74]; snake bite, haemorrhoids, indigestion, burns by FMPs of two villages by the Rupsha River in Bagerhat district [120].

Kalanchoe pinnata (Lam.) Pers.

Gall bladder stones, bloating, to stop bleeding from cuts and wounds in Rajshahi district [38]; asthma in Vasu Bihar village, Bogra district [39]; kidney stones in Faridpur district [40]; burning sensations during urination, kidney stones by FMPs of Sylhet Division, Bangladesh [41]; diarrhea, to stop bleeding, irregular urination, burning sensations in urinary tract in Shitol Para village, Jhalokati district [42]; colic, sexual disorders, appetizer by FMPs of three villages in Natore and Rajshahi districts [43]; gastric problems by FMPs of Daudkandi sub-district of Comilla district [44]; kidney stones, any type of wounds, indigestion by FMPs of Dinajpur district [41urinary problems, kidney or gall bladder stones by FMPs of Noakhali district [47]; kidney and gall bladder stones by FMPs in villages by the Padma River of Rajshahi district [48]; asthma by FMPs of Vasu Bihar village, Bogra district [49]; stomach ache by FMPs of Balidha village, Jessore district [50]; to clarify urine, hematemesis, cough, mucus, epilepsy, stomach ache in children by FMPs of Station Purbo Para village, Jamalpur district [33]; respiratory tract disorders, hepatic disorders, gastrointestinal disorders, spleen disorders, acne by FMPs of Shetabganj village, Dinajpur district [32]; gall bladder stones, pain from piles by FMPs of Daulatdia Ghat, Kushtia district [51]; gall bladder stones by FMPs of Vitbilia village in Pabna district [52]; bloating, gastrointestinal stones, kidney stones, gastrointestinal disorders by FMPs of six villages in Greater Naogaon district [53]; diarrhea, bleeding from cuts and wounds, gall bladder stones by FMPs of seven villages in Ishwardi Upazilla, Pabna district [54]; diarrhea, cuts and wounds by FMPs of a village in Narayanganj district [55]; urinary and sexual problems in men by a FMP of Gachabari village in Tangail district [56]; constipation, diabetes, stomach or kidney stones by tribal medicinal practitioners (TMPs) of the Chakma tribe residing in Rangamati district [57]; formation of stones in the stomach, headache by FMPs of three villages in Kurigram district [58]; urinary tract infections, kidney stones by a FMP of Savar in Dhaka district [60]; indigestion, cholelithiasis by FMPs of four villages in Natore and Rajshahi districts [61]; to stop bleeding from external cuts and wounds by TMPs of 15 clans of the Garo tribe of Madhupur, Tangail district [63]; urinary disorders by FMPs of Bhola district [64]; haemorrhoids, blood dysentery, acne by a FMP of Jhalokathi in Barisal district [65]; kidney stone, stomach stone, bloating by FMPs of two villages in Natore district [31]; hotness in head, headache by FMPs of Chuadanga district [66]; dysentery, indigestion by the TMPs of the Rai Clan of the Tipra tribe of Sylhet Division [68]; kidney stones by a FMP of a village in Faridpur district [40]; long-term coughs, burning sensations in the stomach by TMPs of two Marma tribal communities in two villages of Khagrachhari district [69]; heart disorders by FMPs and TMPs in the vicinity of Lawachara Forest Reserve, Moulvibazar district [72]; excessive urination, abdominal pain, dysentery, insecticide by FMPs of three areas in Pirojpur district [74]; muscle pain, scabies, boils, rheumatism by the Marma tribe living in Naikhongchhari, Bandarban district [75];]; coughs, mucus, fever, sudden loss of consciousness (epilepsy-like), constipation, piles by the Tripura tribe residing in Chittagong Hill Tracts, Bangladesh [78];]; kidney stones by FMPs of Badarganj and Shekhertek villages in Rangpur district [79]; stone formation in stomach by FMPs of Terbaria and Babla villages in Tangail district [81]; bitter, astringent, alleviation of respiratory, stomach or hepatic problems, piles, swelling or tumor, burning sensations during urination, kidney or gall bladder stones, spleen disorders, urinary problems arising from diabetes or other endocrinological disorders, vaginal diseases by FMPs of three villages in Sreepur Upazilla, Magura district [80]; alleviation or prevention of respiratory, stomach and hepatic problems, piles, swelling or tumor, burning sensations during urination, kidney or gall bladder stones, spleen disorders, urinary problems arising from endocrinological disorders like diabetes, vaginal diseases, urinary disorders, vaginitis, insufficient sperm count by FMPs of two villages in Bagerhat district [88]; stomach disorders by TMPs of the Khatriya and Kashya clans of the Bagdi tribe in Rajbari district [89]; kidney stones by TMPs of the Tripura tribe residing in Comilla district [90]; burning sensations during urination by a Chakma TMP practicing among Garo and Kush tribes in Sherpur district; typhoid by a Chakma TMP practicing among Garo and Kush tribes in Sherpur district [93]; burning sensations in thge stomach, cough and mucus in children by TMPs of the Harbang clan of the Tripura tribe of Mirsharai area, Chittagong district [95]; pain, boils, abscess, rheumatism, eczema by TMPs of Tonchongya tribe of Roangchaari Upazila in Bandarban district [99]; kidney or gall bladder stone, hypertension, cholera by TMPs of Chakma tribe of Rangapanir Chara Area in Khagrachaari district [34]; cold, dysentery, diabetes, heart diseases by TMPs of the Manipuri tribe in Kamalganj Upazila, Moulvibazar district [101]; spermatorrhea by a FMP of Sreemangal Upazila in Maulvibazar district [105]; kidney and gall bladder stones by Christians living in Mirzapur village of Dinajpur ditrict, Bangladesh [108]; headache, asthma, stone formation in any part of the body by FMPs of Boalia sub-district, Rajshahi district [109]; kidney stones by FMPs of Bheramara area in Kushtia district [110]; diarrhea in Rampal sub-district of Bagerhat district [113]; asthma by TMPs of Mro community of Gazalia Union in Bandarbans district [118].

Lannea coromandelica (Houtt.) Merr.

Seminal problems by the Garo tribe inhabiting the Madhupur forest region of Bangladesh [46]; puerperal fever by TMPs of the Murmu tribal community residing in Rajshahi district [87].

Mangifera indica L.

Influenza, helminthiasis by the Garo tribe living in Netrakona district [19]; stomach pain by FMPs of two villages in Rajshahi district [38]; diabetes, dandruff, cracking of soles of feet by FMPs of Sylhet Division, Bangladesh [41]; impotency, diabetes, eye disorders by FMPs of three villages in Natore and Rajshahi districts [43]; dysentery by the Garo tribe inhabiting the Madhupur forest region of Bangladesh [46]; jaundice, carminative, dermatitis, lack of appetite, malaria, syphilis by FMPs in villages by the Ghaghot River of Rangpur district [48]; dysentery, to prevent graying of hair by FMPs of Balidha village, Jessore district [50]; dysentery, headache by FMPs of Station Purbo Para village, Jamalpur district [33]; diarrhea, cracked soles of feet by FMPs of Shetabganj village, Dinajpur district [32]; diabetes by FMPs of Daulatdia Ghat, Kushtia district [51]; diarrhoea, dysentery by FMPs of six villages in Greater Naogaon district [53]; toothache, tooth infections, dysentery by FMPs of a village in Narayanganj district [55]; tooth ache by a FMP of Gachabari village in Tangail district [56]; dysentery, passing of blood with urine by FMPs of three villages in Kurigram district [58]; to reduce fat in the body by a FMP of Savar in Dhaka district [60]; lung pain, gastric troubles by TMPs of 15 clans of the Garo tribe of Madhupur, Tangail district [63]; diabetes, sexual weakness by FMPs of Bhola district [64]; puerperal fever by the TMPs of the Rai Clan of the Tipra tribe of Sylhet Division [68]; gastric problems by TMPs of two Marma tribal communities in two villages of Khagrachhari district [69]; jaundice by FMPs of Badarganj and Shekhertek villages in Rangpur district [79]; stomach pain by FMPs of several areas of Faridpur and Rajbari districts [83]; constipation by TMPs of Naik clan of Rajbongshi tribe of Moulvibazar district [84]; jaundice by TMPs of the Tripura tribe residing in Comilla district [90]; diabetes by a Chakma tribal practitioner practicing among Garo and Kush tribes in Sherpur district; [93]; piles, jaundice by folk herbalists in Comilla district [94]; stomach ache, cuts and wounds, meho (endocrinological disorder, diabetes) by FMPs of Barisal Town, Barisal district [98]; bloating, sex stimulant by a FMP of Sreemangal Upazila in Maulvibazar district [105]; eye diseases, antidote to poison, edema, cholera, dysentery, diabetes by FMPs of Boalia sub-district, Rajshahi district [109]; anti-inflammatory, jaundice itch by TMPs of Santal tribe of Rangpur district [112]; diarrhea by TMPs of Mro community of Gazalia Union in Bandarbans district [118].

Mikania cordata (Burm.f.) B.L.Rob.

To stop bleeding from cuts and wounds by FMPs of Sylhet Division, Bangladesh [41]; to stop bleeding from cuts and wounds in Shitol Para village, Jhalokati district [42]; skin diseases by FMPs of Dinajpur district [45]; gastric pain, ulcer, fresh wounds and cuts by the Garo tribe inhabiting the Madhupur forest region of Bangladesh [46]; dysentery, gastric ulcer, diabetes, cuts and wounds to stop bleeding by FMPs of Noakhali district [47]; diabetes, skin disorder by FMPs in villages by the Bangali River of Bogra district [48]; to provide a cooling effect by FMPs of Balidha village, Jessore district [50]; cuts and wounds (to stop bleeding) by FMPs of Vitbilia village in Pabna district [52]; cuts and wounds by FMPs of a village in Narayanganj district [55]; gastric troubles by a FMP of Gachabari village in Tangail district [56]; blood dysentery, blood coming out of anus by a FMP of Savar in Dhaka district [60]; bleeding from external cuts and wounds by TMPs of 15 clans of the Garo tribe of Madhupur, Tangail district [63]; gastric problems by the tribal healers of Oraon tribe of Sylhet district [67]; gastric problems by TMPs and FMPs practicing within a Khasia tribal community in Jaflong area, Sylhet district [70]; to stop bleeding from cuts and wounds by the Marma tribe living in Naikhongchhari, Bandarban district [75]; stop bleeding from wounds, astringent, chest pain after eating, acidity, dysentery by the Tripura tribe residing in Chittagong Hill Tracts, Bangladesh [78]; cuts and wounds by FMPs of Badarganj and Shekhertek villages in Rangpur district [79]; to stop bleeding from cuts and wounds by FMPs of three villages in Sreepur Upazilla, Magura district [80]; bleeding from external cuts and wounds by TMPs of Naik clan of Rajbongshi tribe of Moulvibazar district [84]; to stop bleeding from cuts and wounds by TMPs of the Tripura tribe residing in Comilla district [90]; cuts, wounds, stomach ache by TMPs of the Harbang clan of the Tripura tribe of Mirsharai area, Chittagong district [95]; bloating, stomach pain, helminthiasis, sprain, fracture by FMPs of Dhamrai sub-district, Dhaka district [97]; cuts and wounds, ulcer by FMPs of Barisal Town, Barisal district [98]; to stop bleeding from cuts and wounds by TMPs of the Bauri tribal community of Moulvibazar district [102]; cuts and wounds, dengue fever by the Santal tribe residing in Thakurgaon district [111]; bleeding from external cuts and wounds by TMPs of Tonchongya tribe of Bandarban district [114]; to stop bleeding from cuts and wounds by TMPs of Khasia tribe in several sub-districts in Sylhet district [117].

Mimosa pudica L.

Gynecological problems, sex stimulant by the Garo tribe living in Netrakona district [19]; pain in body, head and teeth by FMPs of Sylhet Division, Bangladesh [41]; dental pain, gingivitis in Shitol Para village, Jhalokati district [42]; impotency, appetizer, spleen enlargement by FMPs of three villages in Natore and Rajshahi districts [43]; jaundice by FMPs of Daudkandi sub-district of Comilla district [44]; rheumatic pain by FMPs of Dinajpur district [45]; loss of urinary control by FMPs in villages by the Padma River of Rajshahi district [48]; to increase sexual power, to expedite delivery, piles, wounds, chronic dysentery, prevent decaying of gums, pus in ears by FMPs of Station Purbo Para village, Jamalpur district [33]; coughs, gall bladder disorders, hematemesis by FMPs of Shetabganj village, Dinajpur district [32]; tooth diseases by FMPs of six villages in Greater Naogaon district [53]; jaundice, skin diseases by FMPs of a village in Narayanganj district [55]; leg infections especially between the fingers, conjunctivitis, burning sensations in eyes, to expedite delivery by a FMP of Gachabari village in Tangail district [56]; passing of blood during urination, burning sensations in urinary tract by tribal medicinal practitioners (TMPs) of the Chakma tribe residing in Rangamati district [57]; to increase sexual strength, jaundice by TMPs of 15 clans of the Garo tribe of Madhupur, Tangail district [63]; impotency, appetizer, spleen enlargement by the tribal healers of Oraon tribe of Sylhet district [67]; piles by the TMPs of the Rai Clan of the Tipra tribe of Sylhet Division [68]; burning sensations in hands or feet by TMPs of two Marma tribal communities in two villages of Khagrachhari district [69]; burning sensations in hands or feet by a Pahan TMP in Dinajpur district [71]; eczema, scabies, abscesses by the Marma tribe living in Naikhongchhari, Bandarban district [75]; impotency, aphrodisiac, coughs, gall bladder problems, vaginitis by FMPs of two villages in Bagerhat district [88]; problems during childbirth by a FMP practicing among tea garden workers in Sreemangal, Maulvibazar district [92]; jaundice by folk herbalists in Comilla district [94]; rheumatism, insect repellent by TMPs of the Soren clan of the Santal tribe in Rajshahi district [104]; to expedite delivery by a FMP of Sreemangal Upazila in Maulvibazar district [105]; plague, edema, elephantiasis, epilepsy by Christians living in Mirzapur village of Dinajpur ditrict, Bangladesh [108]; diarrhea, hypertension, antidote to poison by FMPs of Boalia sub-district, Rajshahi district [109]; swelling due to injury by TMPs of the Sigibe clan of the Khumi tribe of Thanchi sub-district in Bandarban district [115]; blood purifier, skin infections by a FMP of Jamalpur district [116].

Moringa oleifera Lam.

Diabetes by the Garo tribe living in Netrakona district [19]; body pain and fever in two villages of Rajshahi district [38]; helminthiasis in Vasu Bihar village, Bogra district [39]; sex stimulant, headache, coughs, mucus by FMPs of Sylhet Division, Bangladesh [41]; appetite stimulant, carminative, heart disorders, rheumatic fever, paralysis, liver pain, to increase bile secretion, sex stimulant, contraceptive in Shitol Para village, Jhalokati district [42]; hypertension, rheumatoid arthritis, leprosy, conjunctivitis, pain by FMPs of three villages in Natore and Rajshahi districts [43]; sterility by FMPs of Daudkandi sub-district of Comilla district [44]; chicken pox, body pain by FMPs of Dinajpur district [45]; nasal catarrh, decreased eyesight, bone fracture, sores by the Garo tribe inhabiting the Madhupur forest region of Bangladesh [46]; contraceptive, gout by FMPs in villages by the Padma River of Rajshahi district [48]; helminthiasis by FMPs of Vasu Bihar village, Bogra district [49]; rheumatism, ear disease, headache by FMPs of Balidha village, Jessore district [50]; diabetes, acidity, hypertension by FMPs of Station Purbo Para village, Jamalpur district [33]; paralysis, body pain by FMPs of six villages in Greater Naogaon district [53]; hypertension, swelling of gums, malnutrition by FMPs of three villages in Kurigram district [58]; constipation, liver problems, joint pain by a FMP of Savar in Dhaka district [60]; indigestion by FMPs of four villages in Natore and Rajshahi districts [61]; body pain, fever by FMPs of two villages in Rajshahi district [70]; piles by FMPs of three areas in Pirojpur district [74]; to stimulate appetite, roughness of skin, to increase sperm, helminthiasis, obesity, coughs, restless feeling, bloating, swelling due to injury, formation of blood clots on skin, good for eyes, goiter, pain, headache by FMPs of three villages in Sreepur Upazilla, Magura district [80]; hepatitis, jaundice by FMPs of several areas of Faridpur and Rajbari districts [83]; to break water during childbirth, diabetes by TMPs of Rai Kshatriya tribe of Pabna district [85]; to increase appetite, roughness of skin, pain, to increase sperm, acne, helminthiasis, obesity, coughs, restless feeling, bloating, swelling due to injury, formation of blood clots on skin, goiter, good for eyes, headache by FMPs of two villages in Bagerhat district [88]; rheumatic pain by a Garo TMP practicing among Garo and Kush tribes in Sherpur district; tumor by a Chakma TMP practicing among Garo and Kush tribes in Sherpur district [93]; joint pain, weakness by TMPs of the Bauri tribal community of Moulvibazar district [102]; jaundice by a TMP of the Deb barma clan of the Tripura tribe of Moulvibazar district [103]; constipation, epilepsy, abortifacient, skin eruptions, leucoderma by TMPs of Santal tribe of Rangpur district [107]; paralysis by Christians living in Mirzapur village of Dinajpur ditrict, Bangladesh [108]; cancer, night blindness, rheumatoid arthritis, helminthiasis by FMPs of Boalia sub-district, Rajshahi district [109].

Musa paradisiaca L.

Anemia, hematemesis, debility, dysentery by FMPs of Sylhet Division, Bangladesh [41]; excessive bleeding during childbirth by FMPs of three villages in Kurigram district [58]; eczema by a FMP of Savar in Dhaka district [60]; chronic dysentery by FMPs of three areas in Pirojpur district [74]; fever with shivering, waist pain, insanity by FMPs of several areas of Faridpur and Rajbari districts [83]; dysentery by FMPs of Barisal Town, Barisal district [98].

Nyctanthes arbor-tristis L.

Constipation in children, fever by the Garo tribe living in Netrakona district [19]; liver disorders in Faridpur district [40]; arthritis, malaria, expectorant in Shitol Para village, Jhalokati district [42]; fever by FMPs of Daudkandi sub-district of Comilla district [44]; fever, rheumatism, mucus by FMPs of Noakhali district, coughs, fever by FMPs of Feni district [47]; cough by FMPs of Balidha village, Jessore district [50]; rheumatism, pitto-jor (fever due to metabolic disorders) by FMPs of Daulatdia Ghat, Kushtia district [51]; skin diseases by tribal medicinal practitioners (TMPs) of the Chakma tribe residing in Rangamati district [57]; fever including dengue and malarial fever, helminthiasis by a FMP of Savar in Dhaka district [60]; bilious fever, fever by TMPs of 15 clans of the Garo tribe of Madhupur, Tangail district [63]; stomach pain by FMP from Jhenaidah district [66]; hair loss, helminthiasis by the TMPs of the Rai Clan of the Tipra tribe of Sylhet Division [68]; liver disorders by a FMP of a village in Faridpur district [40]; malaria, helminthiasis by FMPs of three areas in Pirojpur district [74]; pitto-jor (fever due to metabolic imbalances in body), fever by FMPs of Terbaria and Babla villages in Tangail district [81]; bitter, rheumatism, tuberculosis, fever by FMPs of three villages in Sreepur Upazilla, Magura district [80]; chronic fever by FMPs of three villages in Kurigram district [84]; fever by TMPs of the Pankho tribe of Bilaichari Union, Rangamati district [86]; bitter, tuberculosis, rheumatism, fever by FMPs of two villages in Bagerhat district [88]; fever by FMPs of Barisal Town, Barisal district [98]; migraine by Christians living in Mirzapur village of Dinajpur ditrict, Bangladesh [108].

Ocimum tenuiflorum L.

Cough, fever, bronchitis, diabetes, indigestion by the Garo tribe living in Netrakona district [19]; cold in two villages of Rajshahi district [38]; fever in Vasu Bihar village, Bogra district [39]; coughs, asthma, respiratory difficulties, mucus, leucorrhea by FMPs of Dinajpur district [45]; coughs, mucus, asthma by FMPs of Noakhali district [47]; fever by FMPs of Vasu Bihar village, Bogra district [49]; cough, mucus, asthma by FMPs of Station Purbo Para village, Jamalpur district [33]; contraceptive, immunity enhancer by FMPs of Daulatdia Ghat, Kushtia district [51]; coughs, cold, fever by FMPs of Vitbilia village in Pabna district [52]; meho (endocrinological disorders, diabetes), coughs by FMPs of six villages in Greater Naogaon district [53]; cold, skin disease, toothache by FMPs of seven villages in Ishwardi Upazilla, Pabna district [54]; mucus, cough, respiratory difficulties, sudden fits of vomiting, fever, headache by a FMP of Gachabari village in Tangail district [56]; coughs, respiratory difficulties, fever, diabetes, skin diseases by tribal medicinal practitioners (TMPs) of the Chakma tribe residing in Rangamati district [57]; asthma, tuberculosis, coughs, mucus, itches by FMPs of three villages in Kurigram district [58]; cold, coughs, bronchitis, pneumonia by FMPs of four villages in Natore and Rajshahi districts [61]; mucus, coughs by TMPs of 15 clans of the Garo tribe of Madhupur, Tangail district [63]; coughs, mucus, respiratory difficulties by FMPs of Bhola district [64]; allergy by a FMP of Jhalokathi in Barisal district [65]; coughs by the tribal healers of Gor tribe of Sylhet district [67]; coughs by TMPs of two Marma tribal communities in two villages of Khagrachhari district [69]; coughs in children, hoarseness of voice by a Pahan TMP in Dinajpur district [71]; coughs by FMPs and TMPs in the vicinity of Lawachara Forest Reserve, Moulvibazar district [72]; dry cough by FMPs of three areas in Pirojpur district [74]; feeling of restlessness, excessive sexual desire, burning sensations in body especially in palms of hands or soles of feet, increases bile secretion, leprosy, less urination, blood purifier, piles, coughs, carminative by FMPs of three villages in Sreepur Upazilla, Magura district [80]; respiratory difficulties in children due to catching cold by TMPs of Bongshi tribe in Tangail district [82]; if infant does not drink milk or cries incessantly by TMPs of the Pankho tribe of Bilaichari Union, Rangamati district [86]; coughs by TMPs of the Tripura tribe residing in Comilla district [90]; if infant refuses to take milk from nursing mother and cries incessantly by a Tonchongya tribal healer of Rangamati district [91]; fever by a Chakma tribal practitioner practicing among Garo and Kush tribes in Sherpur district; rheumatic problems, gastric problems by a Kush tribal practitioner practicing among Garo and Kush tribes in Sherpur district [93]; coughs, acne by folk herbalists in Comilla district [94]; fever, loss of appetite by TMPs of the Nag clan of the Rai Ghatual tribe in Moulvibazar district [96]; coughs, mucus by FMPs of Dhamrai sub-district, Dhaka district [97]; coughs, cold by TMPs of Tonchongya tribe of Roangchaari Upazila in Bandarban district [99]; coughs by TMPs of the Manipuri tribe in Kamalganj Upazila, Moulvibazar district [101]; asthma by TMPs of the Bauri tribal community of Moulvibazar district [102]; cold by a FMP of Sreemangal Upazila in Maulvibazar district [105]; coughs, mucus by the Teli clan of the Telegu tribe of Maulvibazar district [100]; bronchitis, liver diseases, cancer by FMPs of Boalia sub-district, Rajshahi district [109]; malaria, erectile dysfunction, coughs, colds by FMPs of Bheramara area in Kushtia district [110]; coughs, mucus, uneasy feeling in the body by the Santal tribe residing in Thakurgaon district [111].

Phoenix sylvestris (L.) Roxb.

To expedite delivery in pregnant women by FMPs of six villages in Greater Naogaon district [53]; helminthiasis, biliary problems, diuretic, acne by TMPs of Santal tribe of Rangpur district [107].

Piper betel Blanco

Bronchitis, antidote to poison, indigestion by the Garo tribe living in Netrakona district [19]; to remove head lice, boils by FMPs of Sylhet Division, Bangladesh [41]; swelling of hand, leg, nose or skin, flatulence or dyspepsia, aphrodisiac in Shitol Para village, Jhalokati district [42]; stomach disorders by FMPs of Station Purbo Para village, Jamalpur district [33]; tuberculosis, coughs, meho (endocrinological disorders, diabetes) by FMPs of six villages in Greater Naogaon district [53]; external cuts and wounds, minor infections by a FMP of Gachabari village in Tangail district [56]; constipation by a FMP of Savar in Dhaka district [60]; digestive, to remove foul odor from mouth, constipation by FMPs of Bhola district [64]; headache by a FMP of Jhalokathi in Barisal district [65]; gastric problems, piles by FMPs of Chuadanga district [66]; stomach pain in expecting mother by FMP from Jhenaidah district [66]; respiratory difficulties in children by the TMPs of the Rai Clan of the Tipra tribe of Sylhet Division [68]; cold, small size of penis, fever, penile disorders by FMPs of two villages in Rajshahi district [70]; energy enhancer by FMPs of three areas in Pirojpur district [74]; lesions on the face by FMPs of several areas of Faridpur and Rajbari districts [83]; to increase memory, premature ejaculation by FMPs of two villages in Bagerhat district [88]; sex stimulant, to stop bleeding by FMPs of Dhamrai sub-district, Dhaka district [97]; cuts and wounds, helminthiasis by TMPs of the Manipuri tribe in Kamalganj Upazila, Moulvibazar district [101]; being touched by ‘evil wind’ by TMPs of the Soren clan of the Santal tribe in Rajshahi district [104]; to stop bleeding from external cuts and wounds by a FMP of Sreemangal Upazila in Maulvibazar district [105]; toothache by a FMP of Jamalpur district [106].

Psidium guajava L.

Toothache, acne, diabetes by the Garo tribe living in Netrakona district [19]; toothache, diarrhea by FMPs of Sylhet Division, Bangladesh [41]; dental pain, gingivitis, scabies in Shitol Para village, Jhalokati district [42]; piles by FMPs of Daudkandi sub-district of Comilla district [44]; gastric problems, cuts and wounds by FMPs of Balidha village, Jessore district [50]; dysentery by FMPs of a village in Narayanganj district [55]; flatulence, gastrointestinal disorders by tribal medicinal practitioners (TMPs) of the Chakma tribe residing in Rangamati district [57]; dysentery, puerperal fever by FMPs of three villages in Kurigram district [58]; oral hygiene by FMPs of four villages in Natore and Rajshahi districts [61]; toothache, diarrhea by the tribal healers of Oraon tribe of Sylhet district [67]; toothache by TMPs of two Marma tribal communities in two villages of Khagrachhari district [69]; toothache by a Pahan TMP in Dinajpur district [71]; dysentery, anorexia by FMPs of three areas in Pirojpur district [74];dysentery, coughs, mucus, cold, wounds, respiratory problem, maintain texture of skin, maintain normal heart condition by the Rakhain tribe inhabiting the Chittagong Hill Tracts region [76]; diarrhea, debility by FMPs of Terbaria and Babla villages in Tangail district [81]; dysentery by FMPs in villages by the Padma River of Rajshahi district [82]; to increase strength and sperm count, and appetite, fever, nutritive, piles by FMPs of two villages in Bagerhat district [88]; tooth infections, loss of appetite by a TMP of the Deb barma clan of the Tripura tribe of Moulvibazar district [103]; diabetes, toothache, carminative by TMPs of Santal tribe of Rangpur district [107].

Punica granatum L.

Fungal infection of the nail by the Garo tribe living in Netrakona district [19]; piles in Vasu Bihar village, Bogra district [39]; diarrhea, to increase strength by FMPs ofSylhet Division, Bangladesh [41]; menorrhagia, constipation, dysentery in Shitol Para village, Jhalokati district [42]; dysentery by FMPs of Daudkandi sub-district of Comilla district [44]; dysentery by the Garo tribe inhabiting the Madhupur forest region of Bangladesh [46]; helminthiasis, dysentery by FMPs in villages by the Ghaghot River of Rangpur district [48]; piles by FMPs of Vasu Bihar village, Bogra district [49]; blood dysentery by FMPs of Balidha village, Jessore district [50]; inflammation of nails in hand or leg, dysentery, blood dysentery, loss of appetite, heart disorders by FMPs of Station Purbo Para village, Jamalpur district [33]; menstrual problems, diarrhea, tooth infections by FMPs of Station Purbo Para village, Jamalpur district [33]; blood dysentery by FMPs of six villages in Greater Naogaon district [53]; diarrhoea by FMPs of six villages in Greater Naogaon district [53]; dysentery by FMPs of three villages in Kurigram district [58]; skin sores by a FMP of Savar in Dhaka district [60]; excessive bleeding by TMPs of the Tudu sub-clan of the Santal tribe in Joypurhat district [62]; puerperal fever by the TMPs of the Rai Clan of the Tipra tribe of Sylhet Division [68]; respiratory tract problems, biliary or hepatic problems, coughs, thirst, burning sensations in body especially in palms of hands or soles of feet, fever, throat diseases, to induce satisfied feeling, to increase sperm, slightly astringent, to increase strength, memory, appetite, carminative by FMPs of three villages in Sreepur Upazilla, Magura district [80]; severe pain, whitish discharge from vagina, hair loss by FMPs of several areas of Faridpur and Rajbari districts [83]; diabetes, heart diseases, dysentery, stimulant, tumor by FMPs of Boalia sub-district, Rajshahi district [109]; to increase strength, debility by FMPs of Bheramara area in Kushtia district [110].

Scoparia dulcis L.

Weakness due to anemia in two villages of Rajshahi district [38]; sexual diseases, nerve disorders by FMPs of Sylhet Division, Bangladesh [41]; gall bladder stones by FMPs of Dinajpur district [45]; dysentery by the Garo tribe inhabiting the Madhupur forest region of Bangladesh [46]; diabetes, cuts and wounds, gastric ulcer, weakness, fever, coughs, bronchitis, diarrhoea, dysentery, edema, toothache, jaundice, diabetes by FMPs of Noakhali district [47]; infertility in male or female, leucorrhea, malaria, dog bite, debility, piles by FMPs in villages by the Bangali River of Bogra district [48]; debility, premature ejaculation, low sperm count by FMPs in villages by the Padma River of Rajshahi district [48]; diabetes by FMPs of Station Purbo Para village, Jamalpur district [33]; burning sensations during urination, severe fever, meho by FMPs of six villages in Greater Naogaon district [53]; gastric ulcer, anemia by FMPs of seven villages in Ishwardi Upazilla, Pabna district [54]; pain in chin or throat, tonsillitis, throat cancer, facial redness, eczema, skin diseases by tribal medicinal practitioners (TMPs) of the Chakma tribe residing in Rangamati district [57]; meho (endocrinological disorder) by FMPs of three villages in Kurigram district [58]; gastric problems, dysentery, diabetes by a FMP of Savar in Dhaka district [60]; diarrhea by FMPs of Chuadanga district [66]; dysentery by FMP from Jhenaidah district [66]; fever, cold, coughs by TMPs of two Marma tribal communities in two villages of Khagrachhari district [69]; vomiting tendency by TMPs and FMPs practicing within a Khasia tribal community in Jaflong area, Sylhet district [70]; body ache, gastric ulcer by FMPs of three areas in Pirojpur district [74]; respiratory problems and loss of appetite in children by the Marma tribe living in Naikhongchhari, Bandarban district [75]; blood dysentery by the Santal tribe residing in Rajshahi district [77]; continuous hiccups by FMPs of Badarganj and Shekhertek villages in Rangpur district [79]; urinary problems by FMPs of Terbaria and Babla villages in Tangail district [81]; diarrhea in children by TMPs of Bongshi tribe in Tangail district [82]; jaundice by TMPs of Rai Kshatriya tribe of Pabna district [85]; spermatorrhea by TMPs of the Pankho tribe of Bilaichari Union, Rangamati district [86]; physical weakness, dysentery by TMPs of the Murmu tribal community residing in Rajshahi district [87]; stomach pain in infants by a FMP practicing among tea garden workers in Sreemangal, Maulvibazar district [92]; cough in children, diarrhea by TMPs of the Harbang clan of the Tripura tribe of Mirsharai area, Chittagong district [95]; diabetes by FMPs of Dhamrai sub-district, Dhaka district [97]; dysentery in children by FMPs of Barisal Town, Barisal district [98]; snake bite, insect bite, antidote to poison by TMPs of Tonchongya tribe of Roangchaari Upazila in Bandarban district [99]; swelling of fingers by TMPs of Chakma tribe of Rangapanir Chara Area in Khagrachaari district [34]; dysentery in children by TMPs of the Manipuri tribe in Kamalganj Upazila, Moulvibazar district [101]; diabetes by the Santal tribe residing in Thakurgaon district [111]; constipation in Paikgacha sub-district of Khulna district, diarrhea, dysentery, colic in Rampal sub-district of Bagerhat district [113].

Sesamum indicum L.

Spondias pinnata (L.f.) Kurz

Skin diseases, gastrointestinal disorders by FMPs of Sylhet Division, Bangladesh [41]; to enhance digestion by FMPs of three areas in Pirojpur district [47]; piles by FMPs of Chuadanga district [66]; blood dysentery by the TMPs of the Rai Clan of the Tipra tribe of Sylhet Division [68]; wounds, otitis, otalgia by TMPs of Tonchongya tribe of Roangchaari Upazila in Bandarban district [99].

Streblus asper Lour.

Appendicitis by FMPs of two villages in Rajshahi district [38]; gastrointestinal disorders, gastric problems by FMPs of Sylhet Division, Bangladesh [41]; bone disease in cattle in Shitol Para village, Jhalokati district [42]; dysuria, dysentery by the Garo tribe inhabiting the Madhupur forest region of Bangladesh [46]; fever, chicken pox, diarrhoea, dysentery, rheumatic fever, joint pain by FMPs of Noakhali district [47]; rabies by FMPs in villages by the Ghaghot River of Rangpur district [48]; calcium deficiency in bones, calcium deficiency induced disease, to keep stomach cool, to stay healthy, to increase strength by FMPs of Station Purbo Para village, Jamalpur district [33]; stomach pain by FMPs of six villages in Greater Naogaon district [53]; to increase energy by the tribal healers of Oraon tribe of Sylhet district [67]; dysentery by TMPs of two Marma tribal communities in two villages of Khagrachhari district [69]; passing of semen with urine by TMPs and FMPs practicing within a Khasia tribal community in Jaflong area, Sylhet district [70]; blood dysentery, cuts and wounds by a Pahan TMP in Dinajpur district [71]; toothpaste by FMPs and TMPs in the vicinity of Lawachara Forest Reserve, Moulvibazar district [72]; any type of tooth problem, malaria, fever with convulsions, diarrhoea by the Tripura tribe residing in Chittagong Hill Tracts, Bangladesh [78]; indigestion by FMPs of Badarganj and Shekhertek villages in Rangpur district [79]; leucorrhea in wome, low sperm density in men by TMPs of Bongshi tribe in Tangail district [82]; to prevent death of infant following birth by TMPs of Rai Kshatriya tribe of Pabna district [85]; to increase lactation in nursing mothers by TMPs of the Pankho tribe of Bilaichari Union, Rangamati district [86]; blood purifier, gall bladder problems, piles, flatulency, coughs, diarrhea by FMPs of two villages in Bagerhat district [88]; coughs, respiratory difficulties, to remove fear from mind by TMPs of the Tripura tribe residing in Comilla district [90]; tuberculosis by a FMP practicing among tea garden workers in Sreemangal, Maulvibazar district [92]; constipation, chapped skin in winter by FMPs of Dhamrai sub-district, Dhaka district [97]; rheumatism by FMPs of Barisal Town, Barisal district [98]; blood purifier by TMPs of the Soren clan of the Santal tribe in Rajshahi district [104]; elephantiasis by the Santal tribe residing in Thakurgaon district [111]; jaundice, blood in urine by TMPs of the Hodi tribe in Sherpur district [112]; ear ache by TMPs of the Sigibe clan of the Khumi tribe of Thanchi sub-district in Bandarban district [115].

Syzygium aromaticum (L.) Merr. & L.M. Perry

Coughs, debility, to increase mental strength by FMPs of Dinajpur district [45]; coughs, mucus by FMPs of Station Purbo Para village, Jamalpur district [33]; low semen volume, low sperm density by a FMP of Jhalokathi in Barisal district [65]; infertility in women by FMPs of Chuadanga district [66]; dry cough, stomach pain by the TMPs of the Rai Clan of the Tipra tribe of Sylhet Division [68]; coughs by TMPs of the Tripura tribe residing in Comilla district [90]; to strengthen stomach by a FMP of Jamalpur district [106].

Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels

Diabetes by the Garo tribe living in Netrakona district [19]; dysentery, debility, anti-emetic, diabetes by FMPs of Sylhet Division, Bangladesh [41]; diabetes in Shitol Para village, Jhalokati district [42]; tonic, diabetes by FMPs of three villages in Natore and Rajshahi districts [43]; anemia by FMPs in villages by the Ghaghot River of Rangpur district [48]; diabetes by FMPs of Balidha village, Jessore district [50]; tooth infection, dysentery, diabetes, stone in kidney or penis by FMPs of Station Purbo Para village, Jamalpur district [33]; diabetes by FMPs of six villages in Greater Naogaon district [53]; diabetes by FMPs of seven villages in Ishwardi Upazilla, Pabna district [54]; diabetes, chronic dysentery by FMPs of three villages in Kurigram district [58]; swelling of abdomen, pain in navel by TMPs of 15 clans of the Garo tribe of Madhupur, Tangail district [63]; loss of appetite, diabetes, constipation, helmintic infections by FMPs of Bhola district [64]; diabetes by FMPs of three areas in Pirojpur district [74]; diabetes and urinary problems by the Marma tribe living in Naikhongchhari, Bandarban district [75]; inflammation, infrequent urination, burning sensation in urinary tract, fever, gastrointestinal problems, diarrhoea, blood with stool, toothache, skin disorders by the Rakhain tribe inhabiting the Chittagong Hill Tracts region [76]; low semen density by FMPs of Badarganj and Shekhertek villages in Rangpur district [79]; diabetes by FMPs of several areas of Faridpur and Rajbari districts [83]; coughs, burning sensations in the body, gall bladder problems, anemia, anti-infective by FMPs of two villages in Bagerhat district [88]; diabetes by a Chakma tribal practitioner practicing among Garo and Kush tribes in Sherpur district; [93]; suffering from urination or urinary pressure during taking a bath by FMPs of Barisal Town, Barisal district [98]; diabetes, dermatitis by TMPs of Santal tribe of Rangpur district [107]; digestive aid, rheumatoid arthritis by FMPs of Bheramara area in Kushtia district [110]; diabetes by the Santal tribe residing in Thakurgaon district [111]; hepatitis, diabetes, appetizer, burn, anemia, bloating, injury by FMPs of two villages by the Rupsha River in Bagerhat district [120].

Tamarindus indica L.

Fever, to stop vomiting, asthma by the Garo tribe living in Netrakona district [19]; diabetes and fever in Vasu Bihar village, Bogra district [39]; spleen problems, to reduce obesity by FMPs of Sylhet Division, Bangladesh [41]; bleeding due to piles in Shitol Para village, Jhalokati district [42]; diabetes, fever by FMPs of Vasu Bihar village, Bogra district [49]; eye diseases, cataract, rheumatism, dysentery by FMPs of Balidha village, Jessore district [50]; chronic dysentery, rheumatic pain, cold, oral lesions, burning sensations in hands or feet by FMPs of Station Purbo Para village, Jamalpur district [33]; burning sensations during urination, pain due to sprain, old infections that would not heal by FMPs of Shetabganj village, Dinajpur district [32]; to increase milk production in cows by FMPs of six villages in Greater Naogaon district [53]; constipation, loss of appetite, diarrhea, chronic fever, dysentery by FMPs of a village in Narayanganj district [55]; skin infections, burning sensations during urination by FMPs of three villages in Kurigram district [58]; uterine muscle relaxant by FMPs of four villages in Natore and Rajshahi districts [61]; premature ejaculation, bloating, indigestion, coughs, burning sensations in the body, leucoderma, acne, loss of appetite, frequent thirsts, edema, blood poisoning, pain, blood dysentery by FMPs of Bhola district [64]; edema by FMP from Jhenaidah district [66]; hypertension by FMPs of three areas in Pirojpur district [74]; burning sensations during urination by TMPs of Bongshi tribe in Tangail district [82]; increase digestion, premature ejaculation, coughs, flatulence, hypertension by FMPs of two villages in Bagerhat district [88]; diabetes by a Chakma tribal practitioner practicing among Garo and Kush tribes in Sherpur district; [93]; dysentery, burning sensations during urination by FMPs of Dhamrai sub-district, Dhaka district [97]; blood purifier, goiter by TMPs of the Soren clan of the Santal tribe in Rajshahi district [104]; conjunctivitis, burning sensations during urination, bone fracture, sprain with swelling by a FMP of Jamalpur district [106]; diabetes, anorexia, insect repellent by TMPs of Santal tribe of Rangpur district [107]; diabetes, appetizer, jaundice, eczema, conjunctivitis by FMPs of Boalia sub-district, Rajshahi district [109]; syphilis, infections within the penis, difficulties in urination, burning sensations during urination by FMPs of Bheramara area in Kushtia district [110]; gastritis, indigestion in Rampal sub-district of Bagerhat district [113]; anemia by TMPs of Mro community of Gazalia Union in Bandarbans district [118].

Terminalia arjuna (Roxb. ex DC.). Wight & Arn.

Heart disease, dysentery, diarrhea, jaundice by the Garo tribe living in Netrakona district [19]; heart disorders, to get protection from evil doings by FMPs of two villages in Rajshahi district [38]; heart disorders in Faridpur district [40]; cardiovascular disorders, appetite stimulant by FMPs of Sylhet Division, Bangladesh [41]; cardiovascular diseases, cholera, blood dysentery, piles with bleeding in Shitol Para village, Jhalokati district [42]; leucorrhea, rheumatoid arthritis, infertility, weakness by FMPs of three villages in Natore and Rajshahi districts [43]; sex stimulant, heart diseases by FMPs of Daudkandi sub-district of Comilla district [44]; heart diseases, rheumatism by FMPs of Dinajpur district [45]; erectile dysfunction by FMPs in villages by the Padma River of Rajshahi district [48]; heart disorders, indigestion by FMPs of Balidha village, Jessore district [50]; to increase sexual power, cough, asthma, heart disorder, dysentery by FMPs of Station Purbo Para village, Jamalpur district [33]; heart diseases by FMPs of Daulatdia Ghat, Kushtia district [51]; respiratory problems, cough, fever, debility, hypotension by FMPs of six villages in Greater Naogaon district [53]; heart disease, bone fracture by FMPs of seven villages in Ishwardi Upazilla, Pabna district [54]; dysentery, flatulence, stomach pain, indigestion by a FMP of Gachabari village in Tangail district [56]; heart disease, pain in heart, blood coming from mouth, chronic dysentery by FMPs of three villages in Kurigram district [58]; heart disorders, hepatitis, kidney problems, passing of semen with urine by FMPs of several areas of Faridpur and Rajbari districts [83]; stomach and heart disorders, graying of hair by TMPs of Goala tribe of Moulvibazar district [59]; chest pain, weak nerves, lung pain, gastric troubles by TMPs of 15 clans of the Garo tribe of Madhupur, Tangail district [63]; heart disorders, low semen density, blood purifier, coughs, leucorrhea by FMPs of Bhola district [64]; blood dysentery by a FMP of Jhalokathi in Barisal district [65]; heart disorders by FMPs of two villages in Natore district [31]; used as preventive medicine against spermatorrhea and cardiovascular disorders as well as to raise body resistance against diseases and to keep the body healthy and mind contented by FMP of Jhenidah district [66]; body pain, intestinal dysfunction by the tribal healers of Oraon tribe of Sylhet district [67]; bone pain, puerperal fever by the TMPs of the Rai Clan of the Tipra tribe of Sylhet Division [68]; heart disorders by a FMP of a village in Faridpur district [40]; heart disorders, low semen density by FMPs and TMPs in the vicinity of Lawachara Forest Reserve, Moulvibazar district [72]; abnormal heart beat by FMPs of three areas in Pirojpur district [74]; heart disorders, hepatic disorders, jaundice, maintenance of normal blood pressure by the Rakhain tribe inhabiting the Chittagong Hill Tracts region [76]; low sperm count, dysentery by FMPs of Badarganj and Shekhertek villages in Rangpur district [79]; loss of sexual desire, heart disorders, constipation, infections due to cuts and wounds, b lood purifier, obesity, diabetes, acne, coughs by FMPs of three villages in Sreepur Upazilla, Magura district [80]; spermatorrhea by TMPs of Bongshi tribe in Tangail district [82]; snake bite by TMPs of Rai Kshatriya tribe of Pabna district [85]; dysentery, flatulency by TMPs of the Murmu tribal community residing in Rajshahi district [87]; heart disorders, fluttering of heart by TMPs of the Tripura tribe residing in Comilla district [90]; any type of heart disorders by TMPs of the Harbang clan of the Tripura tribe of Mirsharai area, Chittagong district [95]; burning sensations during urination, hypertension, asthma by folk herbalists in Comilla district [94]; abnormal rhythms of heart by FMPs of Barisal Town, Barisal district [98]; sex stimulant by TMPs of Chakma tribe of Rangapanir Chara Area in Khagrachaari district [34]; heart diseases by TMPs of the Manipuri tribe in Kamalganj Upazila, Moulvibazar district [101]; cardiovascular disorders, whitish discharge during urination, burning sensations during urination, puerperal fever by TMPs of the Bauri tribal community of Moulvibazar district [102]; chest pain due to heart disorders, burning sensations during urination, bone fracture by a TMP of the Deb barma clan of the Tripura tribe of Moulvibazar district [103]; knee and waist pain by TMPs of the Soren clan of the Santal tribe in Rajshahi district [104]; heart disorders, watery eyes by a FMP of Sreemangal Upazila in Maulvibazar district [105]; pain due to injury, diabetes by a FMP of Jamalpur district [106]; hypertension, anemia, leprosy by FMPs of Boalia sub-district, Rajshahi district [109]; depression on both sides of the head and chest and appearance of yellow color in palm of hands and eyes by TMPs of the Hodi tribe in Sherpur district [112]; osteoporosis by a TMP of the Sardar (Dhangor) community in Chuadanga district [116]; heart disease, gynaecological disorders, central nervous system stimulant, leprosy, gonorrhea by FMPs of two villages by the Rupsha River in Bagerhat district [120].

Terminalia bellirica (Gaertn.) Roxb.

Coughs, to increase strength, appetite stimulant, to increase eye sight by FMPs of Sylhet Division, Bangladesh [41]; stimulant, impotency by FMPs of three villages in Natore and Rajshahi districts [43]; impotency, coughs, indigestion by FMPs of Dinajpur district [45]; tonic, diarrhea, dysentery, coughs, breathing problems, hair tonic, joint pain by FMPs of Noakhali district [47]; asthma, allergy, to maintain heart, lungs and liver in good condition by FMPs of Station Purbo Para village, Jamalpur district [33]; to cure any disease by FMPs of Vitbilia village in Pabna district [52]; blood purifier, appetite stimulant by FMPs of six villages in Greater Naogaon district [53]; stomach disorders, flatulence, indigestion by a FMP of Gachabari village in Tangail district [56]; abscess, burning sensations on skin, haemorrhoids by tribal medicinal practitioners (TMPs) of the Chakma tribe residing in Rangamati district [57]; coughs, spleen disorders, to clear bowels, flatulence, dysentery by FMPs of three villages in Kurigram district [58]; helminthiasis, loss of hair by the tribal healers of Oraon tribe of Sylhet district [67]; jaundice by TMPs of two Marma tribal communities in two villages of Khagrachhari district [69]; diabetes by a Pahan TMP in Dinajpur district [71]; to keep healthy by FMPs of three areas in Pirojpur district [74]; long-term fever, loss of appetite, sex stimulant by the Tripura tribe residing in Chittagong Hill Tracts, Bangladesh [78]; to increase libido, acidity by FMPs of Badarganj and Shekhertek villages in Rangpur district [79]; astringent, coughs, biliary disorders, good for eyes and hair, helminthiasis, breaking down of voice, thirst, vomiting tendency, rheumatism by FMPs of three villages in Sreepur Upazilla, Magura district [80]; gastric problems by FMPs of several areas of Faridpur and Rajbari districts [83]; constipation by TMPs of Goala tribe of Moulvibazar district [59]; anemia by TMPs of the Pankho tribe of Bilaichari Union, Rangamati district [86]; blood purifier by a FMP practicing among tea garden workers in Sreemangal, Maulvibazar district [92]; dysentery, blood dysentery, irritable bowel syndrome, gastric problems, indigestion by a Chakma tribal practitioner practicing among Garo and Kush tribes in Sherpur district; constipation by a Kush TMP practicing among Garo and Kush tribes in Sherpur district [93]; cough, mucus, asthma by TMPs of the Harbang clan of the Tripura tribe of Mirsharai area, Chittagong district [95]; aphrodisiac, energizer, fever, body ache by TMPs of Tonchongya tribe of Roangchaari Upazila in Bandarban district [99]; fever witn shivering, asthma by TMPs of the Bauri tribal community of Moulvibazar district [102]; bleeding from gums, loss of appetite, headache, paralysis by a TMP of the Deb barma clan of the Tripura tribe of Moulvibazar district [103]; skin diseases, physical weakness by a FMP of Sreemangal Upazila in Maulvibazar district [105]; constipation, sexual diseases by FMPs of Boalia sub-district, Rajshahi district [109]; erectile dysfunction by FMPs of Bheramara area in Kushtia district [110]; diabetes, low density of semen, kidney problems, cardiovascular disorders, weakness of heart, hysteria, osteoporosis by a TMP of the Sardar (Dhangor) community in Chuadanga district [116].

Terminalia chebula Retz.

Digestive aid, quenches thirst, blood dysentery, bloating, constipation by FMPs of Sylhet Division, Bangladesh [41]; constipation, nausea in Shitol Para village, Jhalokati district [42]; infections, indigestion by FMPs of three villages in Natore and Rajshahi districts [43]; purgative, cough relief by FMPs of Daudkandi sub-district of Comilla district [44]; bacterial diseases by FMPs of Dinajpur district [45]; stomachic by the Garo tribe inhabiting the Madhupur forest region of Bangladesh [46]; jaundice by FMPs in villages by the Ghaghot River of Rangpur district [48]; bloating, gastrointestinal disorders, stomach ache, heart disorders, debility, helminthiasis by FMPs of Station Purbo Para village, Jamalpur district [33]; constipation, less urination by FMPs of Daulatdia Ghat, Kushtia district [51]; blackening of hair, acne, acidity by FMPs of Vitbilia village in Pabna district [52]; blood purifier, appetite stimulant by FMPs of six villages in Greater Naogaon district [53]; constipation, vomiting by FMPs of seven villages in Ishwardi Upazilla, Pabna district [54]; vomiting tendency, constipation, skin diseases by FMPs of a village in Narayanganj district [55]; haemorrhoids, diabetes by tribal medicinal practitioners (TMPs) of the Chakma tribe residing in Rangamati district [57]; coughs, spleen disorders, flatulence, constipation, helminthiasis by FMPs of three villages in Kurigram district [58]; to stimulate appetite by TMPs of 15 clans of the Garo tribe of Madhupur, Tangail district [63]; hemorrhoids by a FMP of Jhalokathi in Barisal district [65]; indigestion, vomiting, constipation, intestinal dysfunction by the tribal healers of Oraon tribe of Sylhet district [67]; weakness by the TMPs of the Rai Clan of the Tipra tribe of Sylhet Division [68]; gastric problems by TMPs of two Marma tribal communities in two villages of Khagrachhari district [69]; diabetes by a Pahan TMP in Dinajpur district [71]; to keep healthy by FMPs of three areas in Pirojpur district [74]; astringent, excessive sexual desire, to increase intelligence, good for eyes, to increase longevity, respiratory problems, coughs, piles, leprosy, edema, helminthiasis, breaking down of voice, chronic dysentery, constipation, tumor or swelling, jaundice, loss of appetite, stone dissolving by FMPs of three villages in Sreepur Upazilla, Magura district [80]; gastric problems by FMPs of several areas of Faridpur and Rajbari districts [83]; anemia by TMPs of the Pankho tribe of Bilaichari Union, Rangamati district [86]; piles, asthmatic problems, coughs, fever by FMPs of two villages in Bagerhat district [88]; irritable bowel syndrome, gastric problems, indigestion by a Chakma tribal practitioner practicing among Garo and Kush tribes in Sherpur district; constipation by a Kush TMP practicing among Garo and Kush tribes in Sherpur district [93]; loss of sensitivity in skin, chronic mucus, continuous sneezing with running water from nose, loss of sensitivity in children due to allergy, small pustules on the skin of children by FMPs of Barisal Town, Barisal district [98]; aphrodisiac, energizer, fever, body ache by TMPs of Tonchongya tribe of Roangchaari Upazila in Bandarban district [99]; all kinds of diseases by TMPs of Chakma tribe of Rangapanir Chara Area in Khagrachaari district [34]; fever with shivering by TMPs of the Bauri tribal community of Moulvibazar district [102]; bleeding from gums, loss of appetite, headache, paralysis by a TMP of the Deb barma clan of the Tripura tribe of Moulvibazar district [103]; asthma, heart diseases, eye diseases, itch, night blindness by FMPs of Boalia sub-district, Rajshahi district [109]; erectile dysfunction by FMPs of Bheramara area in Kushtia district [110]; diabetes, cardiovascular disorders, weakness of heart, hysteria, osteoporosis by a TMP of the Sardar (Dhangor) community in Chuadanga district [116]; loss of appetite, malaria, hepatitis, sexual disorders, indigestion by FMPs of two villages by the Rupsha River in Bagerhat district [120].

Zingiber officinale Roscoe

Coughs, to reduce vomiting, gastric problems by the Garo tribe living in Netrakona district [19];]; edema, asthma, chest diseases and vomiting tendency in two villages in Rajshahi district [38]; throat pain, loss of appetite, to aid digestion, dysentery by FMPs of a village in Narayanganj district [55]; fever including dengue and malarial fever, abscess, common cold by a FMP of Savar in Dhaka district [60]; sudden sense of fear by TMPs of 15 clans of the Garo tribe of Madhupur, Tangail district [63]; haemorrhoids, blood dysentery, headache by a FMP of Jhalokathi in Barisal district [65]; bone fracture by FMPs of two villages in Natore district [31]; allergy in humans and domestic animals, infertility in women by FMPs of Chuadanga district [66]; puerperal fever, scabies by the TMPs of the Rai Clan of the Tipra tribe of Sylhet Division [68]; dysentery by a Pahan TMP in Dinajpur district [71]; arthritis, gout by FMPs of three areas in Pirojpur district [74]; vomiting tendency, fever by TMPs of Bongshi tribe in Tangail district [82]; orchitis in men, infertility in women, jaundice, rheumatic pain, passing of semen with urine and asthma in humans, bloating and foot and mouth disease in cattle by FMPs of several areas of Faridpur and Rajbari districts [83]; rheumatic pain by TMPs of Naik clan of Rajbongshi tribe of Moulvibazar district [84]; puerperal fever by TMPs of the Murmu tribal community residing in Rajshahi district [87]; bone fracture by TMPs of the Khatriya and Kashya clans of the Bagdi tribe in Rajbari district [89]; coughs, helminthiasis by TMPs of the Tripura tribe residing in Comilla district [90]; pain in leg by a FMP practicing among tea garden workers in Sreemangal, Maulvibazar district [92]; sexual weakness by a Chakma TMP practicing among Garo and Kush tribes in Sherpur district [93]; dog bite, bone fracture by folk herbalists in Comilla district [94]; to strengthen stomach, to increase sperm count and sperm density by a FMP of Jamalpur district [106]; debility, digestive aid by FMPs of Bheramara area in Kushtia district [110]; infertility with seizures by TMPs of the Hodi tribe in Sherpur district [112]; skin ulcer, gout, pain, infections, burns by TMPs of Khasia tribe in several sub-districts in Sylhet district [117].

Ziziphus mauritiana Lam.

Influenza, coughs, dysentery, pain by the Garo tribe living in Netrakona district [19]; chicken pox, measles by FMPs of Sylhet Division, Bangladesh [41]; dysentery with blood and mucus in Shitol Para village, Jhalokati district [42]; piles, tooth problem by FMPs of Daudkandi sub-district of Comilla district [44]; fever, flatulence, diarrhea by tribal medicinal practitioners (TMPs) of the Chakma tribe residing in Rangamati district [57]; anti-emetic, headache by FMPs of two villages in Bagerhat district [88]; hypertension, piles, dysentery, blood dysentery by TMPs of 15 clans of the Garo tribe of Madhupur, Tangail district [63]; fever by TMPs of two Marma tribal communities in two villages of Khagrachhari district [69]; fever by TMPs and FMPs practicing within a Khasia tribal community in Jaflong area, Sylhet district [70]; carminative, anorexia, diabetes, dermatitis, eye diseases by TMPs of Santal tribe of Rangpur district [107]; indigestion in Paikgacha sub-district of Khulna district [113].