Table 3 Plant used in Sahrawi camel ethnoveterinary practices
From: Ethnoveterinary of Sahrawi pastoralists of Western Sahara: camel diseases and remedies
Botanical taxon | Family | Voucher specimen | Local Hassaniya phytonym | Parts used (Hassaniya name) | Preparation and use | Indications |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Acacia ehrenbergiana Hayne | Fabaceae | GV1015 | Tamat | Fr (jarrub) | Mixed with fodder | Dietary supplement (nutraceutical) |
GV1058 | ||||||
Acacia senegal (L.) Willd. var. senegal | Fabaceae | GV1076 | Amour | Fr (sallaha) | Dried, grinded and given as powder (in winter time), or mixed with water (during hot period) | Diarrhoea |
Ba | Indigestion | |||||
Acacia tortilis (Forssk.) Hayne subsp. raddiana (Savi) Brenan var. raddiana | Fabaceae | GV1010 | Talha | Le (warga talha) | Mixed with fodder | Dietary supplement (fattening) |
Fl (anish) | ||||||
Fr (jarrub) | ||||||
Ba | Grinded (topical application) | Wounds cicatriser | ||||
Re (al elk talha) | ||||||
GV1025 | ||||||
Le (warga talha) | Grinded and mixed with sugar and oil | Diarrhoea | ||||
Le | Leaves are burnt and a decoction is made; a plaster is prepared with water and coal obtained from the bark of talha and shdari (topical application) | Sarcoptic mange | ||||
Ba | ||||||
Allium cepa L. | Alliaceae | Â | Besla | Bu | Heated in oil, given as food supplement once per day during 2 or 3Â days or until the animal gets better (topical application and vaginal washes) | Cough |
Post-partum prolapse | ||||||
Abortion | ||||||
Camelpox | ||||||
Mastitis | ||||||
Allium sativum L. | Alliaceae | Â | Thoum | Bu | Heated in oil or fried (topical application) | Post-partum prolapse |
Mastitis | ||||||
Ammodaucus leucotrichus Coss. et Dur. | Apiaceae | GV1013 | Kamuna | Ap | Heated in oil (topical application) | Skin ulcers |
Infected wounds | ||||||
GV1033 | Kamunat rag | Mastitis | ||||
Anabasis articulata (Forssk.) Moq. | Chenopodiaceae | Â | Ashram | Ap | Long-cooking in water with warga talha and shdari (topical application) | Sarcoptic mange |
Argania spinosa (L.) Skeels | Sapotaceae | Â | Argan | Se (bulez) | Inner part is grinded and then fried (topical application with shmed); argan oil can be used in the same way | Mastitis |
Artemisia herba-alba Asso | Asteraceae | GV1042 | Shih | Ap | Heated with barley peels and/or aggaya (topical application) | Mastitis |
Asphodelus tenuifolius Cav. | Asphodelaceae | GV1078 | Tazia | Ap | Heated with barley peels (topical application) | Mastitis |
GV2064 | ||||||
Atriplex halimus L. | Chenopodiaceae | GV1052 | Legtaf | Ap | Dried and grinded | It is a plant of hatba that can substitute askaf |
GV2061 | ||||||
Calotropis procera (Ait.) Ait. f. subsp. procera | Asclepiadaceae | Â | Tursha | St | The stem is burnt and ash is applied topically | Wounds caused by excessive or prolonged backloading |
La | ||||||
Mange | ||||||
Ap | Dried aerial parts | Dietary supplement (nutraceutical) | ||||
Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze | Theaceae | Â | Tcha | Le | Dried or heated in water without sugar | Diarrhoea |
Chamomilla pubescens (Desf.) Alavi | Asteraceae | GV1090 | Lerbien | Ap | Heated in oil (topical application) | Ulcers |
Infected wounds | ||||||
Cistanche phelypaea (L.) Cout. | Orobancaceae | Â | Dhenoun | Ap | Grinded and mixed with tar (topical application) | Mange |
Citrullus colocynthis (L.) Schrad. | Cucurbitaceae | GV2068 | Hadgit lehmar | Se | Cooked in water (plaster topically applied) | Mange |
Aferziz | ||||||
Cleome africana Botsch. | Capparidaceae | GV1026 | Lemkheinza | Ap | Dried (when eaten in huge quantities it causes nervous disorders with tremors, ‘as if it was drunk’) | Dietary supplement (nutraceutical) |
Mange | ||||||
Green, grinded, mixed with ludek and topically applied to broken legs for 40Â days; grinded, mixed with ludek and nile and topically applied to open wounds | Leg fractures | |||||
GV2056 | Mkheinza | Wounds caused by excessive backload | ||||
Green, grinded and boiled in water during (water/plaster from the decoction topically applied) | Mange | |||||
Cymbopogon schoenanthus (L.) Spreng. | Poaceae | Â | Idkhir | Ap | Grinded, mixed with water and topically applied as cataplasm; ash obtained from the aerial parts is applied topically | Wounds cicatriser |
Liedkhir | ||||||
Cynomorium coccineum L. | Balanophoraceae | Â | Terzuz | Wp | Squeezed and the juice is given to calves; washes with the decoction water | Calves diarrhoea |
Duda syndrome | ||||||
Mastitis | ||||||
Euphorbia balsamifera Aiton | Euphorbiaceae | Â | Fernan | Ap | Fumigations are made with the decoction; latex (topical application) | Mange |
La | Tick infestations | |||||
Euphorbia granulata Forssk. | Euphorbiaceae | GV1055 | Kbidet ed-dab | Ap | Decoction in water (plaster topically applied); grinded and topically applied after cauterizations | Mange |
Snakebites and scorpion stings | ||||||
Euphorbia officinarum L. subsp. Echinus | Euphorbiaceae | GV1001 | Daghmus | La | Added to drinking water; applied topically (latex can harm eyes) | Intestinal parasites |
Mange | ||||||
Hammada scoparia (Pomel) Iljin. | Chenopodiaceae | GV1009 | Remth | Ap | Squeezed and the juice is applied topically; boiled and used for washes | Snakebites and scorpion stings |
GV1021 | Ap | Branches are burnt in front of the camel from one to three times, or once per week during some months | Camelpox | |||
Broncopneumonia | ||||||
Oushri | ||||||
GV1057 | Mhaz | |||||
Buguashish | ||||||
Aulisis | ||||||
Ap | Cooked (plaster topically applied); grinded and mixed with alquitran | Mange | ||||
Ap | Dried and grinded (dietary supplement) | Aulisis | ||||
Heliotropium ramosissimum (Lehm.) DC. | Boraginaceae | Â | Lehbaliya | Ap | Dried, grinded and mixed with water (plaster topically applied) | Ringworm |
Ap | Grinded (topical application with nile and sometimes salt) | Chest infection | ||||
Hordeum vulgare L. | Poaceae | GV2023 | Zraa | Se (leglya) | Roasted seeds also mixed with water | Ghtaan (excessive workload) |
Lavandula sp. | Lamiaceae | Â | Lejzema | Ap | Â | Mastitis |
Maerua crassifolia Forssk. | Capparidaceae | GV1007 | Atil | Ba | Burnt and grinded (applied topically inside the wound) | Wounds cicatriser |
GV1019 | Le (sadra el hadra) | |||||
Mesembryanthemum cryptanthum Hook. f. in Hook. | Aizoaceae | Â | Afzu | Ap | Fresh aerial parts are grinded (topically applied) | Mange |
Nucularia perrinii Batt. | Chenopodiaceae | GV1047 | Askaf | Ap | Grazed | Dietary supplement |
Intestinal parasites | ||||||
Buguashish | ||||||
If askaf is the only | ||||||
pasture during drought periods, then mange develops faster | ||||||
GV2042 | ||||||
Ap | Aerial parts are burnt (inhalation) | Skin ulcers from camelpox | ||||
Panicum turgidum Forssk. | Poaceae | GV1051 | Mrokba | Ap | Green plants are burnt (inhalation) | Mhaz |
Camelpox (maintain the infection at a low level) | ||||||
Umm rekba | Ap | Heated with barley seeds peels (topically applied); decoction with aggaya (topically applied) | Mastitis | |||
Peganum harmala L. | Zygophyllaceae | GV1066 | Harmal | Se | Heated in oil (topical application) | Strokes |
Abscesses | ||||||
Pergularia tomentosa L. | Asclepiadaceae | Â | Ghalqa | Le | Boiled in water; fumigations | Mange |
Umm lbena | ||||||
Umm el-jlud | La | Ticks infestations | ||||
Phoenix dactylifera L. | Palmae | Â | Tamra | Fr | Plaster made with the dates (topically applied) | Nails wounds |
Rhus tripartita (Ucria) Grande | Anacardiaceae | GV1023 | Shdari | Le | Decoction made with burnt leaves (topical application) | Mange |
GV1064 | ||||||
GV2021 | ||||||
Ba | Grinded (topical application) | Wounds caused by excessive backload | ||||
Ricinus communis L. | Euphorbiaceae | Â | Aureuar | Se | Oil (topical application); seeds are grinded and mixed with milk/milk cream/animal fat (plaster topically applied) | Strokes |
Mastitis | ||||||
Udder inflammation | ||||||
Salsola imbricata Forssk. | Chenopodiaceae | GV1054 | Ghassel | Ap | Grazed | Intestinal parasites (regarded as acid plant able to treat intestinal parasites the diarrhoea caused by the plant) |
Salsola tetrandra Forssk. | Chenopodiaceae | GV2020 | Laarad | Ap | Grazed | Intestinal parasites (regarded as acid plant able to treat intestinal parasites the diarrhoea caused by the plant) |
Ap | Stems are burnt (inhalation) | Skin ulcers from camelpox | ||||
Ap | Grinded (plaster mixed with algatran and topically applied) | Mange | ||||
Tamarix sp. | Tamaricaceae | GV1003 | Ar’ar | Ba |  | Wounds caused by excessive backload |
GV1059 | Wo | |||||
Terfezia ovalispora Pat. | Terfeziaceae | GV1008 | Terfes | Truffle | Filtered decoction applied topically; boiled ½-1 h and then grinded (plaster mixed with and topically applied once per day during 3 days or until the infection resolve); boiled and used for washes | Mange |
Mastitis | ||||||
Udder infections (tedrenfut) | ||||||
Trigonella foenum-graecum L. | Fabaceae | GV1018 | Halba | Se | A small quantity of seeds (as many as you can take between two fingers) are boiled in hot water (or the boiling pot of the second tea) then the liquid is drenched to camels two or three times; sometimes seeds are mixed with drinking water (acid plant that can cause abortion, not used during pregnancy) | Dietary supplement (nutraceutical) |
Diarrhoea or indigestion | ||||||
GV1044 | Colic | |||||
Triticum spp. | Poaceae | Â | Shir | Se | Milled and cooked until a thick plaster is obtained; mixed with drinking water | Indigestion |
Dietary supplement (during the hot season) | ||||||
Zygophyllum gaetulum Emberger et Maire | Zygophyllaceae | GV1050 | Aggaya | Ap | Boiled in water; fumigations are made with the cooled decoction | Mange |
Ap | Boiled and the resulting water is applied topically with a cloth once per day in the morning until resolved; heated with barley peels | Mastitis | ||||
GV1065 | El barraya | |||||
Ap | Milled or grinded and given to eat to the camel for three times | Aulisish |