TY - STD TI - Central Intellingence Agency (CIA). The World Factbook; Africa: Mali. https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ml.html. (2014). Accessed 15 Dec 2014. UR - https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ml.html ID - ref1 ER - TY - STD TI - World Health Organization (WHO). WHO traditional medicine strategy 2014–2023. 2013. http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/92455/1/9789241506090_eng.pdf?ua=1. Accessed 15 Dec 2014. UR - http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/92455/1/9789241506090_eng.pdf?ua=1 ID - ref2 ER - TY - STD TI - 3. Nordeng H, Al-Zayadi W, Diallo D, Ballo N, Smestad Paulsen B. Traditional medicine practitioners’ knowledge and views on treatment of pregnant women in three regions of Mali. J Ethnobiol Ethnomed. 2013; doi:10.1186/1746-4269-9-67. ID - ref3 ER - TY - CHAP AU - Diallo, D. AU - Paulsen, B. S. ED - Svarstad, H. ED - Svarstad, H. ED - Dhillion, S. S. PY - 2000 DA - 2000// TI - Pharmaceutical research and traditional practitioners in Mali: Experiences with benefit sharing BT - Responding to bioprospecting PB - From Biodiversity in the South to Medicines in the North CY - Oslo: Spartacus ID - Diallo2000 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Boer, H. J. AU - Cotingting, C. PY - 2014 DA - 2014// TI - Medicinal plants for women’s healthcare in southeast Asia: A meta-analysis of their traditional use, chemical constituents and pharmacology JO - J Ethnopharmacol VL - 151 UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2013.11.030 DO - 10.1016/j.jep.2013.11.030 ID - Boer2014 ER - TY - STD TI - Fakaye TO, Adisa R, Musa IE. Attitude and use of herbal medicines among pregnant women in Nigeria. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2009; doi:10.1186/1472-6882-9-53. ID - ref6 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Andel, T. AU - Boer, H. J. AU - Barnes, J. AU - Vandebroek, I. PY - 2014 DA - 2014// TI - Medicinal plants used for menstrual disorders in Latin America, the Caribbean, sub-Saharan Africa, South and Southeast Asia and their uterine properties: A review JO - J Ethnopharmacol VL - 155 UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2014.06.049 DO - 10.1016/j.jep.2014.06.049 ID - Andel2014 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Malan, D. F. AU - Neuba, D. F. R. PY - 2011 DA - 2011// TI - Traditional practices and medicinal plants use during pregnancy by Anyi-Ndenye women (Eastern Côte d’Ivoire) JO - Afr J Reprod Health VL - 15 ID - Malan2011 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Yusuff, K. B. AU - Omarusehe, L. -. D. PY - 2011 DA - 2011// TI - Determinants of self medication practices among pregnant women in Ibadan, Negeria JO - Int J Clin Pharmacol VL - 33 UR - https://doi.org/10.1007/s11096-011-9556-4 DO - 10.1007/s11096-011-9556-4 ID - Yusuff2011 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Banda, Y. AU - Chapman, V. AU - Goldenberg, R. L. AU - Stringer, J. AU - Culhane, J. F. AU - Sinkala, M. PY - 2007 DA - 2007// TI - Use of traditional medicine among pregnant women in Lusaka Zambia JO - J Altern Complement Med VL - 13 UR - https://doi.org/10.1089/acm.2006.6225 DO - 10.1089/acm.2006.6225 ID - Banda2007 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Kamatenesi-Mugisha, M. AU - Oryem-Origa, H. PY - 2007 DA - 2007// TI - Medicinal plants used to induce labour during childbirth in western Uganda JO - J Ethnopharmacol VL - 109 UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2006.06.011 DO - 10.1016/j.jep.2006.06.011 ID - Kamatenesi-Mugisha2007 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Varga, C. A. AU - Veale, D. J. H. PY - 1997 DA - 1997// TI - Isihlambezo: Utilization patterns and potential health effects of pregnancy-related traditional herbal medicine JO - Soc Sci Med VL - 7 UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/S0277-9536(96)00104-9 DO - 10.1016/S0277-9536(96)00104-9 ID - Varga1997 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Mbura, J. S. AU - Mgaya, H. N. AU - Heggenhougen, H. K. PY - 1985 DA - 1985// TI - The use of oral herbal medicine by women attending antenatal clinics in urban and rural Tanga District in Tanzania JO - East Afr Med J VL - 62 ID - Mbura1985 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Towns, A. M. PY - 2014 DA - 2014// TI - Fertility and fontanels: Women’s knowledge of medicinal plants for reproductive health and childcare in western Africa PB - Leiden University CY - Doctoral thesis ID - Towns2014 ER - TY - STD TI - Kennedy DA, Lupattelli A, Koren G, Nordeng H. Herbal medicine use in pregnancy: Results of a multinational study. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2013; doi: 10.1186/1472-6882-13-355. ID - ref15 ER - TY - STD TI - Nordeng H, Bayne K, Havnen GC, Paulsen BS. Use of herbal drugs during pregnancy among 600 Norwegian women in relation to concurrent use of conventional drugs and pregnancy outcome. Complement Ther Clin Pract. 2011; doi: 10.1016/j.ctcp.2010.09.002. ID - ref16 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Nordeng, H. AU - Havnen, G. C. PY - 2005 DA - 2005// TI - Impact of socio-demographic factors, knowledge and attitude on the use of herbal drugs in pregnancy JO - Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand VL - 84 UR - https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0001-6349.2005.00648.x DO - 10.1111/j.0001-6349.2005.00648.x ID - Nordeng2005 ER - TY - STD TI - Frawley J, Adams J, Steel A, Broom A, Gallois C, Sibbritt D. Women’s use and self-prescription of herbal medicine during pregnancy: an examination of 1,835 pregnant women. Womens Health Issues. 2015; doi: 10.1016/j.whi.2015.03.001. ID - ref18 ER - TY - STD TI - Chakraborty N, Islam MA, Chowdhury RI, Bari W, Akhter HH. Determinants of the use of maternal health services in rural Bangladesh. Health Promot Int. 2003; doi:10.1093/heapro/dag414. ID - ref19 ER - TY - STD TI - Mothupi MC. Use of herbal medicine during pregnancy among women with access to public healthcare in Nairobi, Kenya: a cross-sectional survey. BMC Compl Alt Med. 2014; doi:10.1186/1472-6882-14-432. ID - ref20 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Abasiubong, F. AU - Bassey, E. A. AU - Udobang, J. A. AU - Akinbami, O. S. AU - Udoh, S. B. AU - Idung, U. I. PY - 2012 DA - 2012// TI - Self-medication: potential risks and hazards among pregnant women in Uyo, Negeria JO - Pan Afr Med J VL - 13 ID - Abasiubong2012 ER - TY - STD TI - Bello FA, Morhason-Bello IO, Olayemi O, Adekunle AO. Patterns and predictors of self-medication amongst antenatal clients in Ibadan, Nigeria. Niger Med J. 2011; doi: 10.4103/0300-1652.86124. ID - ref22 ER - TY - STD TI - Al-Ramahi R, Jaradat N, Adawi D. Use of herbal medicines during pregnancy in a group of Palestinian women. J Ethnopharmacol. 2013; doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2013.07.041. ID - ref23 ER - TY - STD TI - Gronhaug TE, Glæserud S, Skogsrud M, Ballo N, Bah S, Diallo D, et al. Ethnopharmacological survey of six medicinal plants from Mali, West-Africa. J Ethnobiol Ethnomed. 2008; doi:10.1186/1746-4269-4-26. ID - ref24 ER - TY - STD TI - Togola A, Diallo D, Dembélé S, Barsett H, Paulsen BS. Ethnopharmacological survey of different uses of seven medicinal plants from Mali, (West Africa) in the regions Dioila v. J Ethnobiol Ethnomed. 2005; doi:10.1186/1746-4269-1. ID - ref25 ER - TY - STD TI - Togola A, Austarheim I, Theïs A, Diallo D, Paulsen BS. Ethnopharmacological uses of Erythrina senegalensis: a comparison of three areas in Mali, and a link between traditional knowledge and modern biological science. J Ethnobiol Ethnomed. 2008; doi:10.1186/1746-4269-4-6 ID - ref26 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Chuang, C. -. H. AU - Chang, P. -. J. AU - Hsieh, W. -. S. AU - Tsai, Y. J. AU - Chen, P. C. PY - 2009 DA - 2009// TI - Chinese herbal medicine use in Taiwan during pregnancy and the postpartum period: a population-based cohort study JO - Int J Nurs Stud VL - 46 UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2008.12.015 DO - 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2008.12.015 ID - Chuang2009 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Mabina, M. H. AU - Pitsoe, S. B. AU - Moodley, J. PY - 1997 DA - 1997// TI - The effect of traditional herbal medicines on pregnancy outcome. The King Edward VIII Hospital experience JO - S Afr Med J VL - 87 ID - Mabina1997 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Ong, C. AU - Chan, L. AU - Yung, P. AU - Leung, T. PY - 2005 DA - 2005// TI - Use of traditional Chinese herbal medicine during pregnancy: a prospective survey JO - Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand VL - 84 UR - https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0001-6349.2005.00659.x DO - 10.1111/j.0001-6349.2005.00659.x ID - Ong2005 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Burkill, H. M. PY - 2000 DA - 2000// TI - The useful plants of West Tropical Africa PB - Surrey CY - Kew, Royal Botanical Gardens ID - Burkill2000 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Ancolio, C. AU - Azas, N. AU - Mahiou, V. AU - Ollivier, E. AU - Giorgio, C. AU - Keita, A. PY - 2002 DA - 2002// TI - Antimalarial activity of extracts and alkaloids isolated from six plants used in traditional medicine in Mali and Sao Tome JO - Phytother Res VL - 16 UR - https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.1025 DO - 10.1002/ptr.1025 ID - Ancolio2002 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Benoit, F. AU - Valentin, A. AU - Pelissier, Y. AU - Diafouka, F. AU - Marion, C. AU - Kone-Bamba, D. PY - 1996 DA - 1996// TI - In vitro antimalarial activity of vegetal extracts used in West African traditional medicine JO - Am J Trop Med Hyg VL - 54 ID - Benoit1996 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Karou, D. AU - Dicko, M. H. AU - Sanon, S. AU - Simpore, J. AU - Traore, A. S. PY - 2003 DA - 2003// TI - Antimalarial activity of Sida acuta Brum. F. (Malvaceae) and Pterocarpus erinaceus Poir. (Fabaceae) JO - J Ethnopharmacol VL - 89 UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2003.09.010 DO - 10.1016/j.jep.2003.09.010 ID - Karou2003 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Welch, C. R. PY - 2010 DA - 2010// TI - Chemistry and pharmacology of Kinkéliba (Combretum micranthum), a West African medicinal plant PB - The State University of New Jersey CY - New Brunswich, New Jersey ID - Welch2010 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Diallo, D. AU - Diakité, C. AU - Mounkoro, P. P. AU - Sangaré, D. AU - Graz, B. AU - Falquet, J. PY - 2007 DA - 2007// TI - 2007. Knowledge of traditional healers on malaria in Kendi (Bandiagara) and Finkolo (Sikasso) in Mali JO - Mali Med VL - 22 ID - Diallo2007 ER - TY - STD TI - Sino V, Fiot J, Taudon N, Mosnier J, Martelloni M, Bun SS, et al. High-performance liquid chromatographic method for the quantification of Mitragyna inermis alkaloids in order to perform pharmacokinetic studies. J Sep Sci. 2010; doi:10.1002/jssc.201000008. ID - ref36 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Komane, B. M. AU - Oliver, E. I. AU - Viljoen, A. M. PY - 2011 DA - 2011// TI - Trichilia emetic (Meliaceae) – A review of traditional uses, biological activities and phytochemistry JO - Phytochem Lett VL - 4 UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phytol.2010.11.002 DO - 10.1016/j.phytol.2010.11.002 ID - Komane2011 ER - TY - STD TI - Sanogo R. Medicinal plants traditionally used in Mali for dysmenorrhea. Afr J Tradit Complement Altern Med. 2011; doi:10.4314/ajtcam.v8i5S.4. ID - ref38 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Oryema, C. AU - Ziraba, R. B. AU - Odyek, O. AU - Omagor, N. AU - Opio, A. PY - 2011 DA - 2011// TI - Phytochemical properties and toxicity to brine shrimp of medicinal plants in Erute county, Lira district, Uganda JO - J Med Plant Res VL - 5 ID - Oryema2011 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Traore, M. AU - Zhai, L. AU - Chen, M. AU - Olsen, C. E. AU - Odile, N. AU - Pierre, G. I. PY - 2007 DA - 2007// TI - Cytotoxic kurubasch aldehyde freom Trichilia emetica JO - Natr Prod Res VL - 21 UR - https://doi.org/10.1080/14786410600921698 DO - 10.1080/14786410600921698 ID - Traore2007 ER - TY - STD TI - Bobach C, Schurwanz J, Franke K, Denkert A, van Sung T, Kuster R, et al. Multiple readout assay for hormonal (androgenic and antiandrogenic) and cytotoxic activity of plant and fungal extracts based on different prostate cancer cell line behaviour. J Ethnopharmacol. 2014; doi:10.1016/j.jep.2014.06.008. ID - ref41 ER - TY - STD TI - Roll Back Malaria Partnership. In: Global malaria action plan. 2008. http://www.rollbackmalaria.org/microsites/gmap/3-2.html. Accessed 15 Dec 2014. UR - http://www.rollbackmalaria.org/microsites/gmap/3-2.html ID - ref42 ER - TY - STD TI - World Health Organization (WHO). Countries: Mali. Malaria. 2013. http://www.who.int/countries/mli/en/. Accessed 15 Dec 2014. UR - http://www.who.int/countries/mli/en/ ID - ref43 ER - TY - STD TI - Hill J, Kayentao K, Achieng F, Diarra S, Dellicoour S, Diawara SI, et al. Access and use of interventions to prevent and treat malaria among pregnant women in Kenya and Mali: a qualitative study. 2015; doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0119848. ID - ref44 ER - TY - STD TI - Abioye EO, Akinpelu DA, Aiyegoro OA, Adegboye MF, Oni, MO, Okoh, AI, 2013. Preliminary phytochemical screening and antibacterial properties of crude stem bark extracts and fractions of Parkia biglobosa (Jacq.). Molecules. 2013; doi:10.3390/molecules18078485. ID - ref45 ER - TY - STD TI - Lentz G. Urinary tract infection in obstetrics and gynecology. The global library of women’s medicine. 2009; doi:10.3843/GLOWM.10118. ID - ref46 ER - TY - STD TI - World Health Organization (WHO). Integrated management of pregnancy and childbirth. In: Pregnancy, childbirth, postpartum and newborn care: A guide for essential practice. 2006. http://www.who.int/maternal_child_adolescent/documents/924159084x/en/ Accessed 15 Dec 2014. UR - http://www.who.int/maternal_child_adolescent/documents/924159084x/en/ ID - ref47 ER -