An ethnobotanical survey of medicinal plants used in the East Sepik province of Papua New Guinea

Koch, Michael; Kehop, Dickson Andrew; Kinminja, Boniface; Sabak, Malcolm; Wavimbukie, Graham; Barrows, Katherine M.; Matainaho, Teatulohi K.; Barrows, Louis R.; Rai, Prem P.

doi:10.1186/s13002-015-0065-8

Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine

Table 1 Plants reported as medicinally used in 4 study areas in East Sepik Province

From: An ethnobotanical survey of medicinal plants used in the East Sepik province of Papua New Guinea

Voucher	Plant ID^References	Family	Local Name	Ailment	AilmentCode	PartCode	PrepCode	RouteCode
MS 02/04	Abelmoschus manihot (L.) Medik [32–39]	Malvaceae	Wasniat	Uterine contraction	REP	L	D	O
GW 05/04	Acalypha grandis Benth [33, 40]	Euphorbiaceae	Unknown	Antidote to poisoning (Chemical or acid)	POIS	L	S	O
DK 16/05	Acalypha sp. [7, 33–35, 39–49]	Euphorbiaceae	Mikirme	Malaria	MAL	L	D	O
GW 88/04	Acalypha sp. [7, 33–35, 39–49]	Euphorbiaceae	Winghongong	Cough, shortness of breath	RESP	Sap	S	O
BK 057/06	Acalypha wilkesiana Müll. Arg [42, 44, 45, 47–49]	Euphorbiaceae	Polembieri	Cough, shortness of Breath	RESP	L	D	O
DK 38/05	Ageratum conyzoides (L.) L [8]	Asteraceae	Mungrimb	Sore	SKIN	L	R	T
GW 56/04	Aglaia sp. [33, 50, 51]	Meliaceae	Waniembri	Fevers, malaria	FEV/MAL	L	B	I
GW 09/04	Albizia procera (Roxb.) Benth [34]	Fabaceae	He’re	Malaria, pneumonia, asthma	MAL/RESP	B	S	I & O
BK 058/06	Albizia saman (Jacq.) Merr [34, 52]	Mimosaceae	Yundimi	Induce sleep	PSYCH	L	D	T
DK 08/05	Allophylus cobbe (L.) Raeusch [8, 42, 51, 53]	Sapindaceae	Haim	Scabies	SKIN	B	C	O
GW 50/04	Allophylus cobbe (L.) Raeusch [8, 42, 51, 53]	Sapindaceae	Wah	Skin pox, cough	SKIN/RESP	L	D	T \| O
DK 37/05	Alocasia cucullata (Lour.) G. Don	Araceae	Waken	Boil	SKIN	Root	R	T
MS 07/04	Alocasia sp. [8, 33–35, 43, 50, 51]	Araceae	Waiyat	Abortion	REP	L	S	O
GW 27/04	Alphitonia incana (Roxb.) Teijsm. & Binn. ex Kurz [33–35, 43, 54]	Rhamnaceae	Hushu	Scabies	SKIN	B	S	T
GW 24/04	Alpinia sp. [8, 9, 33, 34, 42, 43, 55–57]	Zingiberaceae	Wambelekie	Cancer (mouth), hypertension	CANC/CV	R	D	O
MS 03/04	Alpinia sp. [8, 9, 33, 34, 42, 43, 55–57]	Zingiberaceae	Kasai	Cough	RESP	yShoot	S	O
MS 41/04	Alpinia sp. [8, 9, 33, 34, 42, 43, 55–57]	Zingiberaceae	Sinup	Fever, headache, body ache	FEV/HEAD/PAIN/SWELL	yShoot	S	O
MS 68/04	Alpinia sp. [8, 9, 33, 34, 42, 43, 55–57]	Zingiberaceae	Kasai	Antidepressant	PSYCH	L & yShoot	S	O
BK 022/06	Alstonia scholaris (L.) R.Br [7–9, 34, 39, 40, 42, 43, 46–49, 51–53, 57–64]	Apocynaceae	Kam-bh	Malaria, diarrhoea, asthma, sores	MAL/GAST/RESP/SKIN	L \|Sap \| Sap	D \| D \| S	O
DK 25/05	Alstonia scholaris (L.) R.Br [7–9, 34, 39, 40, 42, 43, 46–49, 51–53, 57–64]	Apocynaceae	Chimb	Scabies	SKIN	B	C	O
GW 16/04	Alstonia scholaris (L.) R.Br [7–9, 34, 39, 40, 42, 43, 46–49, 51–53, 57–64]	Apocynaceae	Hembe	Fever, malaria, cough, diarrhoea	FEV/MAL/RESP/GAST	Sap	S	O
MS 04/04	Alstonia scholaris (L.) R.Br [7–9, 34, 39, 40, 42, 43, 46–49, 51–53, 57–64]	Apocynaceae	Kaisabok	Fever, headache	FEV/HEAD	B	D	O
BK 034/06	Amomum aculeatum Roxb [39, 42, 53, 58, 65]	Zingiberaceae	Takkwa hamba	Asthma, scabies	RESP/SKIN	Stem	C	O & T
DK 19/05	Amomum aculeatum Roxb [39, 42, 53, 58, 65]	Zingiberaceae	Guinj Nikir	Fever	FEV	Whole	V	I
DK 53/05	Angiopteris evecta (G. Forst.) Hoffm [8, 56]	Marattiaceae	Yarchapa	Shortness of breath	RESP	Shoot & Root	S	O
MS 01/04	Archidendron sp. [8, 66]	Fabaceae	Niar	Diarrhoea, asthma, fever, headache	HEAD/FEV/GAST	B	D	O
DK 02/05	Areca catechu L [8, 34, 37, 39, 42, 43, 51, 67, 68]	Arecaceae	Maimb	Abdominal ache, whitespots	GAST/SKIN	Shoot \| Nut	R \| R	T \| O
MS 10/04	Aristolochia sp. [8, 9, 34, 43, 48, 56, 59, 61, 63]	Aristolochiaceae	Mutamuth	Epigastric pain	GAST	L	R	T
MS 73/04	Aristolochia sp. [8, 9, 34, 43, 48, 56, 59, 61, 63]	Aristolochiaceae	War sapiau	Blocked nose, flu, cough	RESP	L	R	I
MS 23/04	Artocarpus altilis (Parkinson ex F.A. Zorn) Fosberg [8, 34, 43, 50, 61]	Moraceae	Kaikning	Hemorrhage	WOUND	Sap	R	O
GW 79/04	Asclepias sp.	Apocynaceae	Huaraloho	Enlarged spleen	ORG	Root	S	O
DK 21/05	Asplenium nidus L [8, 53]	Aspleniaceae	Yimangir	Infant back ache	CHILD	L	R	T
BK 039/06	Averrhoa carambola L.	Oxalidaceae	Macosembi	Aasthma, sore,fresh cut	RESP/SKIN/WOUND	Fruit	R \| R	O \| T
DK 01/05	Averrhoa carambola L.	Oxalidaceae	Waskapui	Cough	RESP	Fruit	D	O
MS 27/04	Barringtonia asiatica (L.) Kurz [38, 39, 42, 46, 51, 59, 64]	Lecythidaceae	Wut	Antipsychotic	PSYCH	B	D	O
GW 40/04	Bidens pilosa L. [7, 9, 32, 34–36, 39, 42, 43, 50, 57, 60]	Asteraceae	Miniesihaik	Eye infections, bleeding	INF/WOUND	Root	S	T
DK 11/05	Bixa orellana L [7, 35, 42, 43, 50, 53]	Bixaceae	Noksinu	Grille	SKIN	Seed	S	T
MS 53/04	Breynia sp. [7, 33, 34, 39, 42, 43, 50, 53, 58, 68, 69]	Phyllanthaceae	Smallak	Sore gums	DENT	yShoot	S	T
MS 61/04	Breynia sp. [7, 33, 34, 39, 42, 43, 50, 53, 58, 68, 69]	Phyllanthaceae	Murpopau	Fever, joint pain, headache (severe)	FEV/PAIN/HEAD	B	S	O
GW 21/04	Bryophyllum pinnatum (Lam.) Oken [7, 42, 51, 67]	Crassulaceae	Golip	Strong cough	RESP	L	D	O
MS 21/04	Bryophyllum pinnatum (Lam.) Oken [7, 42, 51, 67]	Crassulaceae	Mitultul	Ulcer	SKIN	L	H	T
BK 006/06	Calamus sp. [8, 33, 35, 43, 53, 57]	Arecaceae	Bal	Fever, headache, malaria, cough, malnutrition	FEV/HEAD/MAL/NUT	Sap	S	O
BK 051/06	Calamus sp. [8, 33, 35, 43, 53, 70]	Arecaceae	Gwalkipi	Dehydration	NUT	Sap	S	O
GW 92/04	Calamus sp. [8, 33, 35, 43, 53, 64]	Arecaceae	Peli	General cleansing	MAINT	Sap	S	O
MS 38/04	Calamus sp. [8, 33, 35, 43, 53, 64]	Arecaceae	War huk	Asthma	RESP	Sap	S	O
MS 85/04	Callicarpa longifolia Lam [34, 51]	Verbenaceae	Yeaik	Sore in baby’s mouth	CHILD	B	MS	T
MS 20/04	Calophyllum inophyllum L. [34, 39, 42, 43, 61, 67]	Guttiferae	Sabour	Toothache	DENT	B	D	O
MS 32/04	Calotropis gigantea (L.) (L.) Dryand [51]	Apocynaceae	Sasus	Fever, headache	FEV/HEAD	L	V	I
DK 56/05	Campnosperma brevipetiolatum Volkens [71]	Anacardiaceae	Gwart	Ulcer	SKIN	Sap	S	T
BK 010/06	Campnosperma sp.	Anacardiaceae	Biakuar	Sores, scabies, fresh cut, wound, hair and skin (as oil), removal of spear in skin	WOUND/SKIN	B	S	T
MS 39/04	Canarium sp. [34, 42, 43, 50, 57, 70]	Burseraceae	Klakul	Emetic	GAST	B	S	O
MS 64/04	Canarium sp. [34, 42, 43, 50, 57, 70]	Burseraceae	Yamuok	Ulcer	SKIN	Sap	S	T
DK 15/05	Capsicum annuum L.	Solanaceae	Seraimbsik	Malaria	MAL	Fruit & Seed	C	O
DK 34/05	Carica papaya L [42, 43, 46, 47, 59, 64, 68]	Caricaceae	Pous	Malaria	MAL	Root	D	O
DK 26/05	Caryota mitis Lour.	Arecaceae	Tosh	Shortness of Breath	RESP	Succus	S	O
MS 69/04	Caryota rumphiana Mart. [39, 53]	Arecaceae	Yamoun	Toothache	DENT	yShoot	M	O
BK 028/06	Cascabela thevetia (L.) Lippold [51]	Apocynaceae	Lai	Sores	SKIN	L & Seed	S	T
BK 044/06	Cassia alata L [7, 8, 34, 37, 38, 42, 46, 49, 52, 59, 61, 63, 67, 69]	Fabaceae	Yundilipgi	Grille and white spot	SKIN	L	R	T
DK 43/05	Cassia alata L [7, 8, 34, 37, 38, 42, 46, 49, 52, 59, 61, 63, 67, 69]	Fabaceae	Apkuaiamboi	Grille	SKIN	L	H \| R	T
GW 01/04	Cassia alata L [7, 8, 34, 37, 38, 42, 46, 49, 52, 59, 61, 63, 67, 69]	Fabaceae	Kenjimbi	Fungal infections, tinea, (white spot, grille	INF/SKIN	L	H \| R	T
MS 74/04	Cassia alata L [7, 8, 34, 37, 38, 42, 46, 49, 52, 59, 61, 63, 67, 69]	Fabaceae	Piaktie	Ggrille	SKIN	L	H	T
GW 71/04	Cassia sp.	Fabaceae	Pipi	Female infertility	REP	Root	D	O
MS 28/04	Casuarina equisetifolia L [33, 34, 38–40, 42, 43, 46, 58, 72]	Casuarinaceae	Kaiklee	Scabies, skin pox, small sores	SKIN	B	D	T
MS 19/04	Cenchrus sp.	Gramineae	Warawara	Cough	RESP	Stem	M	O
GW 94/04	Cenchrus sp.	Gramineae	Mitate	Enlarged spleen	ORG	L	D	O
GW 12/04	Cerbera floribunda K. Schum [51]	Apocynaceae	Yaung	Malaria, pneumonia	MAL/RESP	B	D	O
DK 20/05	Cheilocostus speciosus (J. König) C. Specht [8, 34, 42, 47, 56]	Costaceae	Yangir	Shortness of Breath	RESP	Succus	S	O
BK 008/06	Christia sp.	Fabaceae	Banjip	Diarrhoea, scabies, sores on the head like scabies	GAST/SKIN	L	D \| R	O \| T
MS 50/04	Chrysopogon aciculatus (Retz). Trin	Poaceae	Knarbru	Swollen bodies, legs, arms	SWELL	Whole	D	T
DK 54/05	Cinnamonum sp.	Lauraceae	Metamboi	Headache	HEAD	B	MS	T
GW 59/04	Cissus sp. [33, 34, 43, 53, 59, 62]	Vitaceae	Lenghasa	Stomach ache, diarrhoea	GAST	Sap	S	O
BK 049/06	Clematis sp. [8, 33, 34, 37, 39, 42, 43, 51, 53, 59, 65–67, 69]	Ranunculaceae	Gwawingga	Nasal congestion, running nose	RESP	L	V	I
GW 87/04	Clerodendrum sp. [8, 37, 38, 62]	Labiatae	Hambaihile	Snake bite	BITE	Sap	S	O
GW 91/04	Clitoria ternatea L.	Fabaceae	Pohuk	Determine female sex for baby, infertility	REP	Fruit	C	O
MS 78/04	Cocos nucifera L [7, 8, 34, 37–39, 43, 56, 59, 61, 67, 68]	Arecaceae	Niumour	Bleeding from cuts	WOUND	Fruit	H	T
BK 047/06	Codiaeum variegatum (L.) Rumph. ex A. Juss [8, 34, 35, 39, 42, 43, 48, 56, 58, 61, 62, 66, 73]	Euphorbiaceae	Diripmi	Ulcer	SKIN	Sap	S	T
MS 37/04	Codiaeum variegatum (L.) Rumph. ex A. Juss [8, 34, 35, 39, 42, 43, 48, 56, 58, 61, 62, 66, 73]	Euphorbiaceae	Waeke	Ssores around the mouth area	SKIN	Succus	S	T
DK 12/05	Cordyline fruticosa (L.) A. Chev [37, 38, 45, 56, 59–61]	Asparagaceae	Awa	Grille	SKIN	B & Stem	R	T
GW 86/04	Cordyline fruticosa (L.) A. Chev [37, 38, 45, 56, 59–61]	Asparagaceae	Haua	Fresh cuts, sores	WOUND/SKIN	L	H	T
MS 67/04	Cordyline fruticosa (L.) A. Chev [37, 38, 45, 56, 59–61]	Asparagaceae	Shir	Fever, headache, general body pain	FEV/HEAD/PAIN	L & yShoot	S	O
BK 053/06	Crinum asiaticum L [7, 8, 34, 39, 42, 49, 51, 56, 61, 62, 67, 74]	Amaryllidaceae	Yawal	Swollen leg, limbs, muscles	SWELL	L	H	T
GW 39/04	Crinum asiaticum L [7, 8, 34, 39, 42, 49, 51, 56, 61, 62, 67, 74]	Amaryllidaceae	Youri	General cleansing, swollen breast	GAST/SWELL	Sap & L	S \| HR	O \| T
MS 29/04	Crinum asiaticum L [7, 8, 34, 39, 42, 49, 51, 56, 61, 62, 67, 74]	Amaryllidaceae	Milakiap	Scabies, rectal prolapse	SKIN/GAST	Stem	S	O \| T
MS 54/04	Crinum asiaticum var. asiaticum [34, 54, 61]	Amaryllidaceae	Kalava	Anemia	BLOOD	L	D	O
GW 75/04	Cryptocarya sp. [8, 33–35, 43, 50, 53, 55, 65]	Lauraceae	Misipi (misi-ph)	Cough, clear thinking	RESP/PSYCH	B	D	O
BK 035/06	Cryptocarya sp. [8, 33–35, 43, 50, 53, 55, 65]	Lauraceae	Kovi	Malaria and stomach ache	MAL/GAST	B	R	O
BK 029/06	Curcuma longa L [34, 42, 45]	Zingiberaceae	Laki	Poison by black magic	MAGIC	Root	R	O
GW 35/04	Curcuma sp. [34, 35, 40, 42–45, 62]	Zingiberaceae	Hivinguambe	Fever, headache	FEV/HEAD	Shoot	B	I
GW 38/04	Curcuma sp. [34, 35, 40, 42–45, 62]	Zingiberaceae	Lekienga	Broken bones, curds/boils	BONE/SKIN	L \| Root	D	O
MS 84/04	Cycas circinalis L [34, 35, 38, 42, 43, 46, 47, 51, 73]	Cycadaceae	Malcoku/Malok	Sores	SKIN	Seed	R	T
BK 002/06	Cycas rumphii Miq [64]	Cycadaceae	Malehohong	Sores	SKIN	Seed	R	T
GW 90/04	Cycas sp. [34, 38, 39, 42, 43, 46, 47, 51, 63, 72, 73]	Cycadaceae	Rarier	Ulcers	SKIN	Seed	R	T
DK 06/05	Cymbopogon citratus (DC) Stapf [42, 56, 66]	Gramineae	Suimin	Fever	FEV	Whole	V	T
GW 53/04	Cymbopogon citratus (DC) Stapf [42, 56, 66]	Gramineae	Yamawi	Malaria	MAL	L	V	I
MS 70/04	Davallia sp. [8, 34]	Davalliaceae	Klakol	Headache, fever	HEAD/FEV	Sap	C	O
DK 35/05	Dendrocnide cordata (Warb. ex H.J.P. Winkl.) Chew [51]	Urticaceae	Chumbia	Body aches	PAIN	L	R	T
MS 33/04	Dendrocnide latifolia (Gaudich.) Chew [64]	Urticaceae	Shalat (green)	General body pain	PAIN	L	R	T
GW 101/04	Desmodium sp. [7, 9, 33–35, 37, 43, 48, 60, 66, 68, 70, 72, 75, 76]	Fabaceae	Ninji	Contraceptive	REP	Root	S	O
MS 81/04	Dillenia sp. [39, 50, 58, 60, 65, 77]	Dilleniaceae	Kol	Fever, headache, cough	FEV/HEAD/RESP	L	S	O
DK 59/05	Dioscorea bulbifera L [33, 42]	Dioscoreaceae	Remsik	Contraceptive	REP	Seed	S	O
GW 63/04	Dioscorea sp. [7, 8, 33, 35, 38, 42, 43, 46, 54, 59, 72, 73]	Dioscoreaceae	Harehare	Headache, migraine	HEAD	L	HR	T
BK 013/06	Donax canniformis (G. Forst.) K. Schum [8]	Marantaceae	Gani	Ear ache	PAIN	yL	R	T
DK 23/05	Donax canniformis (G. Forst.) K. Schum [8]	Marantaceae	Guarimb	Ear infection	INF	L	R	T
GW 78/04	Dracaena angustifolia (Medik.) Roxb [42, 58]	Asparagaceae	Hembesaihe	Fever, headache, stomach complaints	FEV/HEAD/GAST	Root	S	O
GW 25/04	Dysoxylum sp. [33, 34, 39, 41, 51, 59, 63]	Meliaceae	Sengiwama	Sores, ulcers	SKIN	B	R	T
GW 68/04	Dysoxylum sp. [33, 34, 39, 41, 51, 59, 63]	Meliaceae	Huambuka	Malaria, cough	MAL/RESP	L	D	O
GW 100/04	Elaeocarpus sphaericus Schum [39, 53]	Elaeocarpaceae	Nangila	Malaria, cough, pneumonia, shortness of breath	MAL/RESP	B	D	O
MS 25/04	Elaeocarpus sphaericus Schum [39, 53]	Elaeocarpaceae	Kaiboun	Asthma	RESP	B	S	O
BK 043/06	Elatostema sp [8, 33–35, 39–41, 43, 53, 65, 66, 69]	Urticaceae	Kaskas-bhirs	Scabies	SKIN	Whole	D	T
MS 59/04	Elatostema sp [8, 33–35, 39–41, 43, 53, 65, 66, 69]	Urticaceae	Moin kukuri	Fever, headache, joint pain, fertility	FEV/HEAD/PAIN/REP	Whole	M	O
GW 28/04	Endospermum formicarium Becc [7, 34, 39, 43, 62, 67]	Euphorbiaceae	Bundua	Fever, asthma	FEV/RESP	B	S	O
DK 40/05	Endospermum labios Schodde [7, 34, 39, 43, 62, 67]	Euphorbiaceae	Paruang	Scabies	SKIN	Seed & Flower	C	O
MS 89/04	Endospermum medullosum L.S.Sm.	Euphorbiaceae	Kakar	Fever, body pain, unconscious	FEV/PAIN/PSYCH	L	B	I
GW 47/04	Epipremnum pinnatum (L.) Engl [7, 8, 34, 39, 42, 67]	Araceae	Kumbui-bhi	Fever	FEV	B	S	O
BK 009/06	Epipremnum sp. [7, 8, 34, 39, 42, 43, 66, 67]	Araceae	Kunga	Dysentery (excreting of blood), vomiting of blood	GAST	Root	M \| C	O
MS 12/04	Epipremnum sp. [7, 8, 34, 39, 42, 43, 66, 67]	Araceae	Klakial	Headache, swollen bodies, fever, cold	HEAD/SWELL/FEV/RESP	Sap	S	O
GW 18/04	Erythrina merrilliana Krukoff	Fabaceae	Kwai	Diarrhoea, shortness of breath,cough	GAST/RESP	L & B	D	O
MS 42/04	Erythrina merrilliana Krukoff	Fabaceae	Pear	Contraceptive	REP	B	B	O
MS 52/04	Euodia hortensis J.R. Forst. & G. Forst. [8, 34, 42, 43, 53, 56, 57, 63]	Rutaceae	Ghin	Unconsciousness	PSYCH	L	V	I
MS 66/04	Euodia sp. [8, 33, 34, 40, 42, 43, 53, 56, 57, 62, 63]	Rutaceae	Muth	Fertility,emetic	REP/GAST	B	S	O
BK 025/06	Euphorbia heterophylla L [51]	Euphorbiaceae	Wilai	For treating diarrhoea	GAST	Sap	S	O
BK 023/06	Euphorbia hirta L [9, 34, 39, 46, 50, 51, 56, 57, 67]	Euphorbiaceae	Unknown	Sore	SKIN	L	S	T
GW 17/04	Euphorbia hirta L [9, 34, 39, 46, 50, 51, 56, 57, 67]	Euphorbiaceae	Seplein Nai	Shortness of breath, asthma, pneumonia	RESP	Whole	D	O
DK 03/05	Euphorbia plumerioides Teijsm. ex Hassk. [33, 34, 36, 43, 51, 53, 60, 69]	Euphorbiaceae	Miambi/Pombi	Poisoning	POIS	Sap	S	O
MS 47/04	Euphorbia sp. [9, 34–36, 41–44, 50, 53, 54, 57–59, 67, 74, 78]	Euphorbiaceae	Sungwia	Emetic	GAST	Sap	S	O
GW 44/04	Euphorbia sp. [9, 34–36, 41–44, 50, 53, 54, 57–59, 67, 74, 78]	Euphorbiaceae	Wale	Emetic	GAST	Sap	S	O
GW 80/04	Euphorbia sp. [9, 34–36, 41–44, 50, 53, 54, 57–59, 67, 74, 78]	Euphorbiaceae	Tuth	Emetic	GAST	Sap	S	O
MS 79/04	Euphorbia tithymaloides (L.) [51, 56]	Euphorbiaceae	Mual nias	Epigastric pain	GAST	Sap	S	O
BK 046/06	Ficus adenosperma Miq [8, 33–35, 53]	Moraceae	Belloki	Cut	WOUND	yL	S	T
DK 41/05	Ficus pungens Reinw. ex Blume [9, 33, 34, 42, 43, 53, 59, 60, 63]	Moraceae	Kuar	Shortness of breath	RESP	Succus	S	O
MS 40/04	Ficus septica Burm.f. [34, 37–40, 42, 43, 48, 49, 51, 57–59, 61, 62, 66, 67, 78]	Moraceae	Poipuk	Diarrhoea	GAST	Sap & yShoot	S	O
DK 58/05	Ficus sp. [7–9, 33–40, 42–45, 47–49, 51–59, 61–63, 66–69, 74, 75, 77, 78]	Moraceae	Tuohepolehe	Malnutrition	NUT	Sap	C	O
GW 58/04	Ficus sp. [7–9, 33–40, 42–45, 47–49, 51–59, 61–63, 66–69, 74, 75, 77, 78]	Moraceae	Manjemieri	Nutrient supplement for babies	NUT	Sap	S	O
GW 74/04	Ficus sp. [7–9, 33–40, 42–45, 47–49, 51–59, 61–63, 66–69, 74, 75, 77, 78]	Moraceae	Wavihasa/Horikieng	Broken bones	BONE	Root	M	T
GW 89/04	Ficus sp. [7–9, 33–40, 42–45, 47–49, 51–59, 61–63, 66–69, 74, 75, 77, 78]	Moraceae	Chiplapul	Abortion	REP	B	R	T
MS 17/04	Ficus sp. [7–9, 33–40, 42–45, 47–49, 51–59, 61–63, 66–69, 74, 75, 77, 78]	Moraceae	Bukabok	Fracture	BONE	B	R	T
MS 31/04	Ficus sp. [7–9, 33–40, 42–45, 47–49, 51–59, 61–63, 66–69, 74, 75, 77, 78]	Moraceae	Moul koni	Ulcer	SKIN	Sap	S	T
MS 88/04	Ficus sp. [7–9, 33–40, 42–45, 47–49, 51–59, 61–63, 66–69, 74, 75, 77, 78]	Moraceae	Aiyau	Toothache	DENT	yRoot	M	O
MS 75/04	Ficus wassa Roxb [33, 34, 39, 40, 42, 47, 68, 75]	Moraceae	Kikquai	Contraceptive	REP	Root	M	O
BK 060/06	Gnetum gnemon L [8, 34]	Gnetaceae	Yit	Removal of wood or stick in skin	WOUND	yL	S	T
DK 14/05	Gnetum gnemon L [8, 34]	Gnetaceae	Mogsa	Removal of nails/ splints lodged in the body	WOUND	Sap	S	T
MS 18/04	Gnetum gnemon L [8, 34]	Gnetaceae	Popoyiri	Eye disease	OCC	Sap	S	T
GW 45/04	Gnetum gnemonoides Brongn.	Gnetaceae	Biek	Fever, headache (malaria)	FEV/MAL	B	D	O
MS 14/04	Graptophyllum sp. [7–9, 33, 35, 36, 39, 41, 66, 67]	Acanthaceae	Inta’niat	Fever, headache, joint pain, cold	FEV/HEAD/ PAIN/RESP	L	D	O & I & T
GW 11/04	Gymnostoma papuanum (S. Moore) L.A.S. Johnson [33, 35, 43]	Casuarinaceae	Mania	Shortness of breath, asthma	RESP	B	D	O
GW 70/04	Hemigraphis reptans (G. Forst.) T. Anderson ex Hemsl.	Acanthaceae	Mijika	Centipede bite	BITE	Whole	HR	T
BK 018/06	Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L [37, 56, 59]	Malvaceae	Mawe	Sore eye	OCC	Flower	R	T
DK 13/05	Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L [37, 56, 59]	Malvaceae	Kupawaruk	Menstrual cramps	REP	L	S	O
MS 05/04	Homalanthus sp. [7, 8, 33–36, 42, 50, 51, 58]	Euphorbiaceae	War moap	Scabies	SKIN	Stem	D	T
DK 42/05	Homalium foetidum (Roxb.) Benth [8]	Salicaceae	Mes	Knee ache	PAIN	B	MAG	P_to_Plant
GW 83/04	Hydriastele costata F.M. Bailey	Arecaceae	Yawah	Shortness of breath	RESP	Stem	S	O
DK 33/05	Intsia bijuga (Colebr.) Kuntze	Fabaceae	Wun	Boil	SKIN	Stem	C	T
GW 08/04	Intsia bijuga (Colebr.) Kuntze	Fabaceae	Hwapo	Fractured bones	BONE	B	HR	T
MS 46/04	Intsia bijuga (Colebr.) Kuntze	Fabaceae	Tou’r	Severe back pain	PAIN	B	D	O & T
GW 52/04	Ipomea sp. [35, 36, 39, 43, 49, 61]	Convolvulaceae	Firac	Distended stomach, pigbel	GAST	L	C	O
BK 020/06	Ipomoea pes-caprae (L.) R. Br [59]	Convolvulaceae	Waimabhu	Running nose, cough, asthma	RESP	Stem	S	?
MS 26/04	Ipomoea pes-caprae (L.) R. Br [59]	Convolvulaceae	Kairo	Fever, headache, joint pain, swelling of the body	FEV/HEAD/PAIN/SWELL	L	S	O
BK 021/06	Kalanchoe pinnata (Lam.) Pers [34, 39, 46, 51, 67]	Crassulaceae	Kulukir	knee pain/ache, back ache/pain, swollen legs, boils	PAIN/ SWELL /SKIN	L	H	T
DK 04/05	Kalanchoe pinnata (Lam.) Pers [34, 39, 46, 51, 67]	Crassulaceae	Asamambia	Insect bite	BITE	L	H	T
BK 015/06	Laportea decumana Wedd. [9, 32, 34–37, 39, 42–45, 49, 51, 53, 59, 63, 65, 66, 69, 71, 72, 74–77]	Urticaceae	Salat	Muscle ache, knee pain, ankle sprain	PAIN	L	R	T
DK 32/05	Laportea interrupta (L.) Chew [34, 39, 51, 67, 73]	Urticaceae	Shalat (red)	Fresh cuts,wounds	WOUND	yL	H	T
BK 027/06	Leucosyke capitellata Wedd [8, 9]	Urticaceae	Elan	Sores and cuts	SKIN/WOUND	B	R	T
GW 22/04	Litsea sp. [8, 9, 33, 43, 69]	Lauraceae	Erikombi	Cough, malaria	RESP/MAL	L	D	O
GW 23/04	Litsea sp. [8, 9, 33, 43, 69]	Lauraceae	Neimie	Malaria, fevers, coughs	MAL/FEV/RESP	L or B	D	O
GW 06/04	Macaranga clavata Warb.	Euphorbiaceae	Lambie	Skin infections, scabies	SKIN	B	S	T
MS 11/04	Macaranga darbyshirei Airy Shaw	Euphorbiaceae	Walmieng	Anti-venom	POIS	B	M	O
GW 46/04	Maclura cochinchinensis (Lour.) Corner [39]	Moraceae	Lomowi	Cough, stomach complaints	RESP/GAST	Stem	S	O
GW 93/04	Mangifera indica L [8, 34, 51, 56]	Anacardiaceae	Huarambie/Wamahang	Snake bite	BITE	B	D \| H	O & T
DK 51/05	Manihot esculenta Crantz [34, 35, 51]	Euphorbiaceae	Gumbyow	Fresh cut,wounds	WOUND	Root	R	T
MS 16/04	Marattia sp. [7, 33, 34, 36, 43, 54, 69]	Marattiaceae	Rireo	Fever, headache, swollen bodies etc.	FEV/HEAD/SWELL/OTHER	yShoot	S	O
BK 011/06	Melanolepis multiglandulosa (Reinw. ex Blume) Rchb. & Zoll [34]	Euphorbiaceae	Wamakhir	Snake bites	BITE	B	M	O
DK 36/05	Melanolepis multiglandulosa (Reinw. ex Blume) Rchb. & Zoll [34]	Euphorbiaceae	Waru	Snake bite	BITE	B	M	O
GW 02/04	Melanolepis multiglandulosa (Reinw. ex Blume) Rchb. & Zoll [34]	Euphorbiaceae	Warimaing	Snake and centipede bites, antivenom	BITE/POIS	B	M	O
MS 36/04	Melastoma sp. [7–9, 33, 34, 43, 47, 54]	Melastomataceae	Mutamuth	Blocked nose, flu, cough	RESP	L	V	I
DK 05/05	Melicope triphylla (Lam.) Merr [34, 40, 42, 43, 62]	Rutaceae	Kupun	Abortion	REP	L	D	O
BK 001/06	Merremia peltata (L.) Merr [8, 34, 42, 43, 56, 59, 67]	Convolvulaceae	Aukut	Boil, sore or ulcer, fresh cut	SKIN/WOUND	Sap \| L	S \| H	T
DK 28/05	Merremia peltata (L.) Merr [8, 34, 42, 43, 56, 59, 67]	Convolvulaceae	Bangpuk	Fresh cuts, /wounds	WOUND	Sap	S	T
GW 62/04	Merremia peltata (L.) Merr [8, 34, 42, 43, 56, 59, 67]	Convolvulaceae	Nangumareng	Determine male sex of baby	REP	L	D	O
GW 43/04	Merremia sp. [8, 34, 42, 43, 56, 59, 67]	Convolvulaceae	Wararamang	Fever, malaria	FEV/MAL	Stem	S	O
DK 30/05	Metroxylon sagu Rottb [42]	Arecaceae	Nouk	Burns	BURN	Stem	R	T
GW 96/04	Mikania sp.	Asteraceae	Lihasuanga	Skin infections, scabies, sores	SKIN	Sap	S	T
BK 059/06	Mimosa pudica L [8, 34]	Fabaceae	Bambu kiya	Induce sleep	PSYCH	Whole	D	T
DK 52/05	Mimosa pudica L [8, 34]	Fabaceae	Haihiksa	Infant colic	CHILD	Whole	D	T
MS 77/04	Mimosa pudica L [8, 34]	Fabaceae	Miatmiat	Induced sleep	PSYCH	Whole	D	T
GW 20/04	Mitracarpus sp.	Rubiaceae	Waramang	Eye infections, color defects	OCC	Whole	B	I
BK 038/06	Morinda citrifolia L [7, 8, 34, 37, 38, 42, 43, 48, 49, 56–59, 61, 68, 70, 73, 78]	Rubiaceae	Simbiya	Knee ache, cough	PAIN/RESP	yL \| Fruit	D \| R or H	O & T
MS 71/04	Morinda citrifolia L [7, 8, 34, 37, 38, 42, 43, 48, 49, 56–59, 61, 68, 70, 73, 78]	Rubiaceae	Knuel	General body pain, boils, inflammation	PAIN/SKIN/SWELL	L	R	T
GW 64/04	Mucuna novo-guineensis Scheff. [8]	Fabaceae	Kilemiesik	Shortness of breath	RESP	Root	S	O
MS 37/04	Mucuna sp. [8, 9, 34, 43, 47, 50, 52, 56, 63]	Fabaceae	Ombo	Anemia	BLOOD	Sap	S	O
GW 51/04	Mucuna sp. [8, 9, 34, 43, 47, 50, 52, 56, 63]	Fabaceae	Wamayihara	Tooth ache, loose tooth	DENT	Stem	M	O
GW 66/04	Mucuna sp. [8, 9, 34, 43, 47, 50, 52, 56, 63]	Fabaceae	Ponambile	Anemia	BLOOD	B	S	O
GW 84/04	Mucuna sp. [8, 9, 34, 43, 47, 50, 52, 56, 63]	Fabaceae	Manvil	Arthritis joint pain, back ache	PAIN	B	S	T
BK 003/06	Murraya paniculata (L.) Jack [8, 73]	Rutaceae	Sika	Ccough	RESP	L	D	O
DK 24/05	Musa acuminata Colla [34, 37, 47, 57]	Musaceae	Yup	Sore lip	PAIN	Fruit	C	T
MS 44/04	Musa sp. [8, 9, 32–34, 37, 42, 43, 47, 52, 54, 56, 57, 59, 61, 63, 67, 71, 72]	Musaceae	Wur karasau	Wound	WOUND	Sap	S	T
BK 055/06	Nauclea orientalis (L.) L [34, 55, 63]	Rubiaceae	Runggool	Asthma,shortness of breath	RESP	B	S	O
DK 44/05	Nauclea orientalis (L.) L [34, 55, 63]	Rubiaceae	Kuva	Snake bite	BITE	B	S	O
GW 10/04	Neonauclea purpurea (Roxb.) Merr [39]	Rubiaceae	Kripa	Fever, headache (malaria), pneumonia, asthma	FEV/MAL/RESP	B	B	I & O
BK 061/06	Neonauclea sp.	Rubiaceae	Gipma	Poisonous snake bite	BITE	B	M	O
DK 48/05	Nephrolepis hirsutula (G. Forst.) C. Presl [8]	Lomariopsidaceae	Tamanguia	Uncontrollable urine	URINE	L	C	O
GW 36/04	Nephrolepis sp. [7, 8, 33, 34, 43]	Lomariopsidaceae	Walendau	Headache, fever (malaria)	HEAD/MAL	Shoot & Root	S	O
MS 48/04	Nicotiana sp. [33–36, 42, 43, 47, 52, 59, 63, 66, 71, 72, 76, 77]	Solanaceae	Kennings	Anticoagulant	BLOOD	yL	H	T
BK 024/06	Nicotiana tabacum (L.) [33, 35, 36, 42, 43, 52, 59, 63, 76, 77]	Solanaceae	Saukien	Sores	SKIN	L	S	T
BK 036/06	Not Identified	Not Identified	Ukapuk	Scabies, malaria	SKIN/MAL	Sap	S	T \| O
DK 47/05	Not identified	Not identified	Kupnenj	Shortness of breath	RESP	Succus	S	O
DK 60/05	Not identified	Fabaceae	Wulamian	Malnutrition	NUT	Whole	H	O
MS 80/04	Not identified	Orchidaceae	Kraufung	Skin disease (grille)	SKIN	L	H	T
DK 57/05	Not identified	Not identified	Sarimbiya	Cough	RESP	L	-	O
MS 22/04	Not identified	Not identified	Asakurkunja	Scabies	SKIN	Stem & Root	D	T
MS 08/04	Ocimum basilicum L [32, 34, 38, 39, 42, 43, 46, 48, 65, 67, 73]	Labiate	Ruk	General body weakness, fever, headache, etc.	FEV/MAL/HEAD	Whole	B	I
BK 004/06	Octomeles sumatrana Miq [43]	Datiscaceae	Wani	Asthma, back ache, malnourished/pigbel	RESP/PAIN/NUT/GAST	B \| B \| Sap	S	O \| O \| O
GW 48/04	Octomeles sumatrana Miq [43]	Datiscaceae	Waine	Fever	FEV	B	S	O
MS 30/04	Pandanus dubius Spreng.	Pandanaceae	Viak	Asthma	RESP	yShoot	S	O
GW 98/04	Pangium edule Reinw [34, 42, 43, 50, 51, 53]	Achariaceae	Imahek	Enlarged spleen	ORG	Fruit	R	O
MS 35/04	Pangium edule Reinw [34, 42, 43, 50, 51, 53]	Achariaceae	Sis	Lice killer	INSECTICIDE	L	S	T
GW 65/04	Papuechites sp. [34, 43]	Apocynaceae	Pari	Enlarged spleen	ORG	Fruit	S	O
GW 29/04	Parsonia sp. [57, 59]	Apocynaceae	Tielimbika	Fresh cuts, sores	SKIN/WOUND	L	H	T
BK 032/06	Passiflora foetida L [8, 42, 51, 56]	Passifloraceae	Bombo	Asthma, white spot	RESP/SKIN	Flower & L \| Seed	D \| R	O & T
DK 46/05	Passiflora foetida L [8, 42, 51, 56]	Passifloraceae	Apsarapuk	Whitespots	SKIN	L	R	T
GW 19/04	Passiflora foetida L [8, 42, 51, 56]	Passifloraceae	Apduanpuk	Strong cough	RESP	Shoot & L	S	O
MS 09/04	Passiflora foetida L [8, 42, 51, 56]	Passifloraceae	Maparou	Skin disease	SKIN		R	T
DK 55/05	Passiflora sp. [8, 42, 51, 56]	Passifloraceae	War yasokk	Scabies	SKIN	Sap	H	T
BK 017/06	Peperomia pellucida (L.) Kunth [7]	Piperaceae	Koikoiwara	Pimple	SKIN	L	R	T
GW 81/04	Peperomia pellucida (L.) Kunth [7]	Piperaceae	Lerek	Fever, headache, (malaria)	FEV/MAL	Whole	D	O
MS 58/04	Peperomia pellucida (L.) Kunth [7]	Piperaceae	Kinkanak	Antidepressant	PSYCH	L	D	T
BK 014/06	Phrynium sp. [45]	Marantaceae	Ripa kwalingu	Scabies	SKIN	Succus	S	T
MS 55/04	Phyllanthus amarus Schumach. & Thonn [34, 43, 49, 52, 63]	Phyllanthaceae	Kambaningi	Fever, headache, swollen bodies	FEV/HEAD/SWELL	Root	S	O
GW 54/04	Phyllanthus niruri L [7, 9, 34, 42, 43, 46, 57, 59, 73]	Phyllanthaceae	Hipanchinchi	Menorrhagia	REP	Whole	D	O
MS 60/04	Phyllanthus niruri L [7, 9, 34, 42, 43, 46, 57, 59, 73]	Phyllanthaceae	Shuk miau	Fever	FEV	Whole	D	T
GW 14/04	Phyllanthus sp. [7, 9, 33–35, 39, 42, 43, 46, 49, 52, 57, 59, 63, 67, 73]	Phyllanthaceae	Kai veai	Tooth infections, toothache	DENT	Root	M	T
GW 61/04	Pimelodendron amboinicum Hassk [34, 39]	Euphorbiaceae	Sombik	Enlarged spleen	ORG	Sap	S	O
MS 15/04	Pimelodendron amboinicum Hassk [34, 39]	Euphorbiaceae	Kunial	Swollen stomach	GAST	B	D	T
BK 062/06	Piper betle L [37–39, 42, 61, 67, 68]	Piperaceae	Kwashe gungga	Sores,boils	SKIN	L	H	T
DK 22/05	Piper betle L [37–39, 42, 61, 67, 68]	Piperaceae	Kosh	Abdominal ache	GAST	Seed	MS	T
GW 49/04	Piper betle L [37–39, 42, 61, 67, 68]	Piperaceae	Guspui	Tuberculosis, centipede bite	BITE/INF	L \| Fruit	H	O \| T
DK 27/05	Piper mestonii F.M. Bailey.	Piperaceae	Hrunga	Fresh cuts, wounds	WOUND	L	S	T
GW 97/04	Piper sp. [8, 9, 33, 34, 37–39, 42, 43, 53, 55, 57, 58, 60, 61, 65, 67, 68, 70, 74]	Piperaceae	Walehru	Memory enhancing, clear thinking	PSYCH	Root	M	O
MS 56/04	Piper sp. [8, 9, 33, 34, 37–39, 42, 43, 53, 55, 57, 58, 60, 61, 65, 67, 68, 70, 74]	Piperaceae	Kunek	Anesthetic	PAIN	Root	S	O
DK 31/05	Piscidia grandifolia (Donn. Sm.) I.M. Johnst. [8]	Fabaceae	Yinapuk	Strong headache	HEAD	Stem	R	T
GW 32/04	Pisonia longirostris Teijsm. & Binn [56]	Nyctaginaceae	Kumie/Weworo	Tropical ulcers, peptic ulcers	SKIN/GAST	B	S	T \| O
DK 45/05	Planchonia papuana R. Knuth	Lecythidaceae	Ningia	Scabies	SKIN	B	C	O
MS 57/04	Plectranthus amboinicus (Lour.) Spreng [60, 74]	Labiatae	Wasirika	Skin disease (grille)	SKIN	L	S	T
GW 13/04	Plectranthus hereroensis Engl.	Labiatae	Sumoun	Stomach ulcers, placenta sores	GAST/REP	L	D	O
GW 15/04	Plectranthus hereroensis Engl.	Labiatae	Krau sumin	Scabies, itchy skin	SKIN	L	S	T
BK 031/06	Plectranthus parviflorus Willd.	Labiatae	Humbiang	Sores	SKIN	L	S	T
MS 49/04	Plectranthus scutellarioides (L.) R.Br [8, 9, 33, 42, 43, 56, 58, 74]	Labiatae	Humbiang	Ulcer, fresh cut	SKIN/WOUND	L	S	T
MS 87/04	Plectranthus scutellarioides(L.) R.BR [8, 9, 33, 42, 43, 56, 58, 74]	Labiatae	Trakain	Skin disease (grille)	SKIN	L	R	T
GW 30/04	Pongamia pinnata (L.) Pierre [40, 42, 43, 52, 56, 59, 63]	Fabaceae	Lai	Skin infections, scabies	SKIN	Root	S	T
GW 41/04	Pouteria sp.	Sapotaceae	Pokware	Scabies, grille	SKIN	Sap	S	T
BK 052/06	Premna serratifolia L. [39, 42, 61]	Lamiaceae	Kunggwia	Emetic	GAST	Seed	R	O
GW 42/04	Premna sp.[8, 34, 39, 42, 43, 53, 56, 63]	Lamiaceae	Ningrik	Ear ache	PAIN	B	S	T
MS 06/04	Premna sp.[8, 34, 39, 42, 43, 53, 56, 63]	Lamiaceae	Wurweik	Malaria	MAL	L & B	D	O
BK 050/06	Psidium guajava L [39, 40, 56, 61]	Myrtaceae	Yambu	Cough, itchy throat	RESP	Fruit	R	O
DK 17/05	Psidium guajava L [39, 40, 56, 61]	Myrtaceae	Yambosik	Diarrhoea	GAST	L	D	O
DK 49/05	Psychotria sp. [7, 9, 33–35, 37, 38, 43, 59]	Rubiaceae	Sisikupa	Boil	SKIN	L	S	T
GW 07/04	Psychotria sp. [7, 9, 33–35, 37, 38, 43, 59]	Rubiaceae	Konumbo	Enlarged spleen	ORG	Sap	S	O
BK 040/06	Pterocarpus indicus Willd. [7, 8, 34, 37, 38, 40, 42, 43, 47, 48, 56, 57, 59, 61, 67, 68]	Fabaceae	Markulu	Anemia	BLOOD	Sap	S	O
GW 03/04	Pterocarpus indicus Willd. [7, 8, 34, 37, 38, 40, 42, 43, 47, 48, 56, 57, 59, 61, 67, 68]	Fabaceae	Moroho	Diarrhoea, stomach ache, anemia	GAST/BLOOD	L & B	D \| D	O
DK 18/05	Riedelia corallina (K. Schum.) Valeton	Zingiberaceae	Moukuaikuai	Menstrual cramps	REP	Root	D	O
MS 63/04	Scaevola sericea Vahl [39]	Goodeniaceae	Knanas	Cough	RESP	yL	S	O
MS 83/04	Schismatoglottis calyptrata (Roxb.) Zoll. & Moritzi	Araceae	Maghau	Sore	SKIN	L	H	T
GW 55/04	Semecarpus sp. [8, 50, 51]	Anacardiaceae	Huaho	Itchy skin (pruritis)	SKIN	B	D	T
MS 76/04	Sida rhombifolia L [7, 8, 34, 37, 40, 42, 43, 50, 51, 54, 57, 59, 60, 73]	Malvaceae	Shasar	Contraceptive	REP	Root	M	O
GW 99/04	Smilax sp.	Smilacaceae	Kilembole	Generalcleansing	MAINT	Root & Stem	S	O
GW 26/04	Solanum torvum Sw [8, 34, 42, 48, 68]	Solanaceae	Warandangu/Waramande	Joint pains,arthritis	PAIN	Root	D	O
GW 33/04	Spathiphyllum sp.	Araceae	Hwembung	Strong cough, fever	RESP/FEV	Root	S	O
GW 95/04	Sphaerostephanos sp. [7, 8, 33, 42, 53]	Thelypteridaceae	Ningi	Malaria	MAL	Root	D	O
MS 24/04	Sphaerostephanos unitus (L.) Holttum [33, 53]	Thelypteridaceae	Kipokip	Sores, ulcers	SKIN	L	S	T
DK 50/05	Spondias dulcis Parkinson [43]	Anacardiaceae	Nungwi	Scabies	SKIN	B	C	O
GW 67/04	Spondias dulcis Parkinson [43]	Anacardiaceae	Akanang	Sores, scabies	SKIN	Shoot	S	O
GW 37/04	Stephania japonica var. discolor (Blume) Forman [51]	Menispermaceae	Poponga	Malaria	MAL	Root	S	O
GW 31/04	Stephania sp. [34, 37, 38, 43, 47, 48, 51]	Menispermaceae	Yuamareng/Kenduek	Fever, headache (malaria), asthma, cough	FEV/MAL/RESP	Sap	S	O
GW 04/04	Sterculia shillinglawii F. Muell.	Malvaceae	Huasiva or Chosembi	Enlarged spleen, pigbel	ORG/GAST	L \| Sap	D \| S	O
DK 09/05	Syzygium malaccense (L.) Merr. & L.M. Perry [7, 8, 34, 39, 42, 47, 56, 67]	Myrtaceae	Gwangolik	Fever	FEV	L	D	T
DK 10/05	Syzygium malaccense (L.) Merr. & L.M. Perry [7, 8, 34, 39, 42, 47, 56, 67]	Myrtaceae	Turukirmba	Fever	FEV	L	D	T
MS 43/04	Syzygium malaccense (L.) Merr. & L.M. Perry [7, 8, 34, 39, 42, 47, 56, 67]	Myrtaceae	Duokuma	Epigastric pain	GAST	L	H	T
BK 048/06	Syzygium sp. [8, 9, 33, 43, 45]	Myrtaceae	Kaviak	Cough with itchy throat	RESP	yL	D	O
BK 054/06	Tabernaemontana pandacaqui Lam [34, 38, 46]	Apocynaceae	Karaban	Grille	SKIN	Fruit	S	T
GW 76/04	Tabernaemontana sp.	Apocynaceae	Raviapari	Determine baby girl	REP	Root	M	O
GW 82/04	Tinospora arfakiana Becc.	Menispermaceae	Saihuna	Cough, grille	RESP/SKIN	L	D \| S	O \| T
MS 65/04	Tinospora sp.	Menispermaceae	Tifoniak kuriri	Asthma, cough	RESP	L	S	O
GW 57/04	Tylophora sp.	Asclepiadaceae	Yousa	Recovery from illness	NUT	Root	D	O
BK 005/06	Uncaria lanosa var. appendiculata (Benth.) Ridsdale	Rubiaceae	Marangi	Fever, headache, malaria, cough, malnutrition	MAL/FEV/NUT/HEAD/RESP	Sap	S	O
MS 82/04	Uncaria lanosa var. appendiculata (Benth.) Ridsdale	Rubiaceae	Mewow	Severe fever, chronic diarrhoea with blood, loss of weight.	FEV/GAST	Sap	S	O
DK 29/05	Uncaria orientalis Guillaumin	Rubiaceae	Marange	Shortness of breath	RESP	Sap	S	O
GW 85/04	Uncaria sp. [8, 9, 33, 35, 39]	Rubiaceae	Trakiau kakoin	Headache, migraine	HEAD	Sap	S	O
GW 72/04	Ursi sp.	Fabaceae	Swamareng	Determine baby boy	REP	Root	S	O
GW 77/04	Urticastrum decumanum (Roxb.) Kuntze [9, 32, 34–37, 39, 42–45, 49, 51, 53, 59, 63, 65, 66,69, 71, 72, 74–77]	Urticaceae	Purkumb	B body, muscle, joint pains, pneumonia	PAIN/RESP	L	R	O \| T
MS 62/04	Urticastrum decumanum (Roxb.) Kuntze [9, 32, 34–37, 39, 42–45, 49, 51, 53, 59, 63, 65, 66 69, 71, 72, 74–77]	Urticaceae	Chipia	Abortion	REP	L	D	O
BK 012/06	Vanilla sp. [65]	Orchidaceae	Dunauru banguwi	Prevent miscarriage	REP	Sap	S	O
MS 13/04	Villebrunea sp.	Urticaceae	Wurarian	Very high fever, headache, swollen bodies	FEV/HEAD/SWELL	Sap	S	O
MS 86/04	Virola surinamensis (Rol. ex Rottb.) Warb [33]	Myristicaceae	Sukuai	Sore in the baby’s mouth	CHILD	L	MS	T
GW 73/04	Wedelia biflora (L.) DC. [34, 38, 39, 42, 43, 46, 48, 52, 56, 57, 59, 62, 63, 67, 68, 70]	Asteraceae	Bambawhoo	Cough, diarrhoea, women’s bleeding disorders	RESP/GAST/REP	L	D	O
BK 019/06	Wedelia sp.[34, 38, 39, 42, 43, 46, 48, 52, 56, 57, 59, 62, 63, 67, 68, 70]	Asteraceae	Pava	Running nose, cough,asthma	RESP	L	V	I
MS 72/04	Wedelia sp.[34, 38, 39, 42, 43, 46, 48, 52, 56, 57, 59, 62, 63, 67, 68, 70]	Asteraceae	Kiskiash	Toothache	DENT	yShoot	M	O
BK 030/06	Zingiber officinale Roscoe [8, 9, 34, 36, 39, 42, 53, 56, 60, 63, 65–67, 71, 73, 77]	Zingiberaceae	Kambei laki	Ssnake bites	BITE	L	R	O & T
DK 07/05	Zingiber officinale Roscoe [8, 9, 34, 36, 39, 42, 53, 56, 60, 63, 65–67, 71, 73, 77]	Zingiberaceae	Nikirkuasa	Malaria	MAL	Whole	D	T
DK 39/05	Zingiber officinale Roscoe [8, 9, 34, 36, 39, 42, 53, 56, 60, 63, 65–67, 71, 73, 77]	Zingiberaceae	Huaukuasa	Malaria	MAL	Whole	D	O
MS 45/04	Zingiber officinale Roscoe [8, 9, 34, 36, 39, 42, 53, 56, 60, 63, 65–67, 71, 73, 77]	Zingiberaceae	Leai	Epigastric pain, vomiting, diarrhoea	GAST	Root	MS	O & T

Ailment treated (Ailmentcode) as follows: BITE = insect or snake bite; BLOOD = hematological issues including coagulation; BONE = bone related injury or disease; BURN = burns; CANC = cancer; CHILD = childhood disease; CV = Cardiovascular; DENT = dental disease; FEV = fever; GAST = gasteroenterological disease; HEAD = headache; INF = infection; INSECTICIDE = delousing; MAGIC = disease of unidentified etiology (‘magical poisoning’); MAINT = health promotion, including failure to thrive; MAL = Malaria; NUT = nutritional supplement; OCC = ocular diseases; ORG = diseases thought to affect one particular organ; OTHER = unclear disease syndrome; PAIN = physical pain; POIS = envenomation or poisoning; sometimes this includes transnatural causation; PSYCH = psychiatric diseases or syndromes; REP = reproductive diseases including childbirth related issues; RESP = respiratory diseases; SKIN = dermal related diseases; often includes infectious disease; SWELL = swelling of whole body or part of the body; URINE = urinary conditions; WOUND = wound related diseases or syndromes
Route of Administration codes (RouteCode) as follows: O = oral; T = topical; I = inhalation; P_to_Plant = patient to plant transfer of blood
Mode of preparation codes (PrepCode) as follows: B = burned (smoke generation), C = cooked; D=decoction, H = heated, HR = heated then rubbed, M = masticated, MAG = magical, MS = masticated then spit on affected area(s), R = raw; S = succus (crushed), V = vapor
Plant part utilized codes (PartCode) as follows: R = Rhizome, L = Leaf, yL = young leaf, B = Bark, yShoot = young shoot

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