Table 1 Gathering season, habitat and Sicilian endemism of 119 wild plant species from four Sicilian Regional Parks
Plant species | Gathering period | Habitat |
|---|---|---|
Allium ampeloprasum L. | spring, winter | cultivated areas |
Allium subhirsutum L. | spring, winter | cultivated areas |
Ammi majus L. | spring | fields, pastures |
Anagyris foetida L. | spring | fields, maquis, woods |
Anthriscus nemorosa (M. Bieb.) Spreng. | spring | fields, woods |
Apium nodiflorum (L.) Lag. | spring, summer | wetlands, wet meadows, grassland |
Arabis hirsuta (L.) Scop. | autumn, spring, winter | pastures, roadsides, rocky slopes, walls |
Aristolochia sempervirens L. | spring, winter | garrigue, maquis, woods |
Artemisia alba Turra | spring, summer | dry meadows, rocky slopes |
Asparagus albus L. | spring, winter | garrigue, uncultivates areas |
Asparagus acutifolius L. | spring, winter | garrigue, uncultivated areas, woods |
Asparagus aphillus L. | spring, winter | garrigue, maquis, uncultivated areas |
Asparagus horridus L. | spring, winter | garrigue, maquis |
Asphodeline lutea (L.) Rchb. | spring | dry meadows, pastures |
Asphodelus ramosus L. | spring, winter | dry meadows, rocky slopes, uncultivated areas |
a Asperula rupestris Tineo | spring | rocky slopes |
Barbarea vulgaris R. Br. | spring, summer | rocky slopes, roadsides |
Borago officinalis L. | autumn, winter | cultivated areas |
Brassica fruticulosa Cirillo | autumn | fields, maquis, meadows |
a Brassica rupestris Raf. | autumn, spring, summer, winter | fields, rocky slopes |
Bunias erucago L. | autumn, spring, winter | meadows, walls |
Calendula arvensis (Vaill.) L. | spring, winter | meadows, roadsides |
Calystegia sepium (L.) R. Br. | spring | fields, meadows, wetlands |
Capparis spinosa L. | spring, summer | rocky slopes, walls |
Carduus argyroa Biv. | winter | pastures, roadsides, uncultivated areas |
Carduus corymbosus Ten. | summer | pastures, roadsides, uncultivated areas, walls |
Carlina corymbosa L. | spring | grassland, roadsides, rocky slopes |
Carlina gumnifera L. (Less.) | spring, summer | dry grassland, garrigue, roadsides, uncultivated areas |
a Carlina sicula Ten. | spring | garrigue, pastures |
Carthamus pinnatus Desf. | spring, winter | garrigue, pastures, uncultivated areas |
Centaurea solstitialis L. subsp. schouwii (DC.) Gugler | spring, winter | roadsides, uncultivated areas |
Chondrilla juncea L. | spring, summer | dry meadows, uncultivated areas, walls |
Cichorium intybus L. | spring | cultivated areas |
Clematis cirrhosa L. | spring | maquis, walls |
Clematis vitalba L. | spring | maquis, hedges, walls, woods |
Clinopodium nepeta (L.) Kuntze | spring, summer | meadows, uncultivated areas |
Crepis vesicaria L. | spring, winter | roadsides, uncultivated areas, walls, wetlands |
Crocus biflorus Mill. | autumn, spring, summer, winter | pastures, woods |
Dioscorea communis L. Caddick. & Wikin | spring, summer | hedges, shrubby areas, woods |
Diplotaxis erucoides (L.) Dc. | autumn, winter | cultivated areas, roadsides |
Diplotaxis harra (Forssk.) Boiss. | summer | cultivated areas, fields |
Echium vulgare L. | spring | pastures, roadsides |
Elymus repens (L.) Gould. | autumn, spring, summer, winter | escarpments, meadows, uncultivated areas |
Equisetum arvense L. | spring, winter | meadows, roadsides, shrubby areas, woods |
Erodium moschatum (L.) L'Hér | spring | fields, rocky slopes |
Fedia cornucopiae (L.) Gaertn. | spring, winter | cultivated areas, pastures, roadsides |
Foeniculum vulgare Miller | spring, winter | cultivated areas, fields, meadows |
Fragaria vesca L. | spring, summer | escarpments, woods |
Gladiolus italicus Mill. | autumn, spring, winter | cultivated areas, rocky slopes |
Globularia alypum L. | spring, winter | rocky slopes, woods |
Glycirrhiza glabra L. | spring, summer | fields, maquis, woods |
Helianthus tuberosus L. | winter | meadows, roadsides, wetlands, woods |
Heliotropium europaeum L. | autumn, spring, winter | grassland, uncultivated area |
Helminthotheca echioides (L.) Holub | spring | cultivated areas, roadsides |
Hyoseris radiata L. | spring, winter | fields, pastures, roadsides |
Hypochoeris radicata L. | autumn, spring, winter | dry meadows, pastures, roadsides |
Isatis tinctoria L. | spring | roadsides, uncultivated areas |
Lactuca viminea (L.) J. & C. Presl | autumn, spring, winter | hedges, roadsides, shrubby areas, uncultivated areas |
Lathyrus clymenum L. | spring | fields, roadsides, woods |
Lathyrus sativus L. | spring | fields, roadsides, woods |
Laurus nobilis L. | autumn, summer | maquis, meadows, woods |
Leopoldia comosa (L.) Parl. | spring | cultivated areas, grassland |
Lycium europaeum L. | spring | maquis, coastal zones |
Malva sylvestris L. | autumn, spring, winter | meadows, uncultivated areas |
Marrubium vulgare L. | spring, summer | cultivated areas, pastures, rangeland |
Mentha pulegium L. | spring, summer | wetlands, wet meadows |
Mentha spicata L. | spring, summer | wetlands |
Muscari botryoides (L.) Mill. | spring | fields, roadsides, broadleaf woods |
Nasturtium officinale R. Br. | spring | wetlands |
Nepeta cataria L. | spring, winter | hedges, roadsides, shrubby areas, uncultivated areas |
Notobasis syriaca (L.) Cass. | spring, winter | pastures, roadsides, uncultivated areas |
Oenanthe pimpinelloides L. | spring, summer | damp and dry grassland |
Onopordum illyricum L. | autumn, spring | roadsides, uncultivated areas |
Origanum vulgare L. | summer | escarpments, fields, hedges, maquis, woods |
Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Miller | autumn, spring, summer | cultivated areas, rocky fields |
Orobanche crenata Forssk | spring | cultivated areas |
Oxalis pes-caprae L. | spring, winter | fields, grassland, landscaped areas |
Parietaria officinalis L. | autumn, spring, summer | roadsides, uncultivated areas, walls |
Phlomis fruticosa L. | spring, summer, autumn | hedges, maquis, woods |
Plantago coronopus L. | spring | escarpments, rocky slopes |
Plantago lagopus L. | autumn, winter | escarpments, roadsides, uncultivated areas |
Polygonatum multiflorum (L.) All. | spring | woods |
Polypodium vulgare L. | autumn, spring, summer, winter | rocky slopes, uncultivated areas, woods |
Portulaca oleracea L. | spring, summer | cultivated areas, meadows |
Raphanus raphanistrum L. | autumn, spring, winter | cultivated areas, grassland, fields, roadsides |
Reichardia picroides (L.) Roth | autumn, spring, winter | cultivated areas, dry meadows, walls |
Rosa canina L. | autumn, spring, summer, winter | hedges, woods |
Rosmarinus officinalis L. | autumn, spring, summer, winter | cultivated areas, escarpments, fields, hedges, maquis, woods |
Rubus ulmifolius Schott | spring, summer | maquis, hedges, woods |
Ruscus aculeatus L. | autumn, spring, winter | maquis, woods |
Scabiosa columbaria L. | winter | grassland, pastures, rocky slopes |
Scolymus grandiflorus Desf. | spring | roadsides, uncultivated areas, walls |
Scolymus hispanicus L. | spring | roadsides, walls |
Scolymus maculatus L. | spring | fields, roadsides, rocky slopes |
Scorzonera hispanica L. | spring, winter | fields, rocky slopes, uncultivated areas |
Silene vulgaris (Moench) Garcke | spring | grassland, hedges, shrubby areas, woods |
Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertner | spring | roadsides, uncultivated areas |
Sinapis alba L. | spring | cultivated areas, fields, roadsides |
Sinapis arvensis L. | autumn, spring, winter | cultivated areas, fields |
Sinapis pubescens L. | autumn, spring, winter | rocky slopes, uncultivated areas |
Sisymbrium rio L. | spring, winter | fields, roadsides |
Smilax aspera L. | spring | fields, hedge, maquis, walls |
Sonchus asper (L.) Hill | spring, winter | roadsides, uncultivated areas |
Sonchus bulbosus (L.) Kilian & Greuter | spring | fields, uncultivated areas |
Sonchus oleraceus (L.) L. | spring, winter | fields, pastures, roadsides |
Sonchus tenerrimus L. | spring | fields, pastures, uncultivated areas |
Taraxacum campylodes G.E. Haglund | autumn, spring, winter | pastures, rocky slopes |
Taraxacum minimum (Briganti ex Guss.) N. Terracc. | autumn, spring, winter | pastures, rocky slopes |
Teucrium fruticans L. | spring | escarpments, fields, rocky slopes |
Thymbra capitata (L.) Cav. | spring, summer | escarpments, rocky slopes, uncultivated areas |
Tragopogon porrifolius L. | spring | grassland, roadsides |
Trifolium phleoides Willd. | spring | maquis, meadows, uncultivated areas |
Urospermum picroides (L.) F.W. Schmidt | winter | roadsides, uncultivated areas |
Urtica dioica L. | autumn, spring, winter | cultivated areas, roadsides |
Urtica membranacea Poir. ex Savigny | winter | fields, roadsides, uncultivated areas |
a Urtica rupestris Guss. | autumn, spring, winter | cultivated areas, roadsides |
Urtica urens L. | autumn, spring, summer | fields, roadsides |
Verbascum sinuatum L. | spring | roadsides, uncultivated areas |
Wisteria sinensis (Sims) Sweet | spring | roadsides, uncultivated areas |