Table 1 Inventory of wild edibles gathered and consumed in the Baidi village
Taxon | Family | Vernacular name | Food categories | Part(s) used and mode of consumption (prevalence of usea) | Collecting habitatb (season) | Voucher number | FC | f | CI | CFSI |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Angiosperma | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
     Acorus gramineus Sol. ex Aiton | Acoraceae |  | vitamine & functional food | Rhizomes, boiled in water without garnish (TC). | AE(all seasons) | P1408 |  |  |  |  |
   Amaranthus sp. | Amaranthaceae |  | vegetable | Leaves, fried (TC). | SC-CA-UA (spring) | 0354 |  |  |  |  |
   Chenopodium album L. | Amaranthaceae | mulv | vegetable | Leaves, fried (TC). | CA-UA (spring and summer) | 0151 |  |  |  |  |
   Kochia scoparia (L.) Schrad. | Amaranthaceae |  | vegetable | Leaves, fried (TC). | CA-UA (spring and summer) | P1413 |  |  |  |  |
   Allium sp. | Amaryllidaceae | gu | edible condiments, vegetable | Leaves, fried (TC). | FO (spring and summer) | 0355 | 40 | 0.47 | 0.47 | 24.00 |
   Pistacia weinmanniifolia J. Poiss. ex Franch. | Anacardiaceae | yizhu | vitamine & functional food | Fruits, eaten raw (AB). | FO-CA-UA(summer and autumn) | 0055 | 16 | 0.19 | 0.19 | 5.40 |
   Ligusticum sinense cv. Chuanxiong S. H. Qiu & et al. | Apiaceae |  | vitamine & functional food | Roots, boiled in water (TC). | FO(all seasons) |  |  |  |  |  |
   Oenanthe javanica (Bl.) DC. | Apiaceae | zen axi | vegetable | Leaves, fried (TC). | AE(all seasons) | 0045 | 31 | 0.36 | 0.36 | 27.90 |
   Cynanchum auriculatum Royle ex Wight | Apocynaceae | niezi | vegetable | Leaves and stems, boiled in water (AB). | SC-UA (all seasons) | 0088 |  |  |  |  |
   Marsdenia sp. | Apocynaceae | Lubei | vegetable | Leaves and stems, boiled in water (AB). | SC (spring and summer) | 0234 |  |  |  |  |
   Amorphophallus konjac K. Koch | Araceae | Bulei | carbohydrates | Tubers, dried, smashed and boiled in water for making curd (TC). | FO-CA-SC (autumn) | 0052 |  |  |  |  |
   Arisaema elephas Buchet | Araceae | Babaxiluo | forage, vitamine & functional food | Roots, boiled in water (TC). Leaves, eaten raw as forage (TC). | SC-CA-UA (all seasons) | 0048 |  |  |  |  |
   Arisaema erubescens (Wall.) Schott | Araceae | Rihaxiluo | forage, vitamine & functional food | Roots, boiled in water (TC). Leaves, eaten raw as forage (TC). | SC-CA-UA (all seasons) | 0095 |  |  |  |  |
   Asparagus cochinchinensis (Lour.) Merr. | Asparagaceae | Laosha | vitamine & functional food | Roots, boiled in water (TC). | FO-SC-UA (all seasons) | 0047 |  |  |  |  |
   Maianthemum japonicum (A. Gray) La Frankie | Asparagaceae | Abu | vegetable | Leaves, fried (TC). | FO (spring and summer) | 0011 | 53 | 0.62 | 0.62 | 55.65 |
   Arctium lappa L. | Asteraceae | Elaba | vegetable, vitamine & functional food | Roots, stewed (TC). | SC-CA-U A (all seasons) | 0258 | 4 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 7.02 |
   Artemisia sieversiana Ehrhart ex Willd. | Asteraceae |  | forage, vitamine & functional food | Whole plant, boiled in water (AB). Aerial part, eaten raw as forage (TC). | FO-SC-CA-UA (spring, summer and autumn) | 0137 |  |  |  |  |
   Carpesium cernuum L. | Asteraceae | La men ga | forage, vitamine & functional food | Whole plant, boiled in water (TC). Aerial part, eaten raw as forage (TC). | SC-UA (all seasons) | 0299 |  |  |  |  |
   Carpesium sp. | Asteraceae | La men ga | forage, vitamine & functional food | Whole plant, boiled in water (TC). Aerial part, eaten raw as forage (TC). | SC-UA (all seasons) | 0150 |  |  |  |  |
   Cichorium intybus L. | Asteraceae |  | vegetable, forage | Leaves, fried (TC). | SC-CA-UA (all seasons) | P1407 |  |  |  |  |
   Cirsium lidjiangense Petr. & Hand.-Mazz. | Asteraceae | Raqiku | vegetable, vitamine & functional food | Roots, stewed (TC). | SC-CA-UA (all seasons) | 0260 | 3 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 5.27 |
   Galinsoga parviflora Cav. | Asteraceae | Munukepei; Youcong | forage | Aerial part, eaten raw (TC). | CA (spring, summer, autumn) | 0020 |  |  |  |  |
   Hippolytia delavayi (Franch. ex W. W. Smith) C. Shih | Asteraceae | Bunasi | vitamine & functional food | Roots, boiled in water (TC). | FO (all seasons) | 0114 |  |  |  |  |
   Leibnitzia anandria (L.) Turcz. | Asteraceae | Mumeicidei | forage | Aerial part, eaten raw or boiled in water (AB). | CA (spring, summer, autumn) | 0061 |  |  |  |  |
   Sigesbeckia orientalis L. | Asteraceae | Umeiheiba | forage | Aerial part, eaten raw or boiled in water (TC). | CA (spring, summer, autumn) | 0101 |  |  |  |  |
   Sonchus oleraceus L. | Asteraceae | Umeisennier | vegetable | Leaves, fried (TC). | CA-UA (spring) | P1420 |  |  |  |  |
   Taraxacum mongolicum Hand.-Mazz. | Asteraceae | Pugongying | vegetable, vitamine & functional food | Whole plant, boiled in water (TC). | SC-CA-UA (all seasons) | 0189 | 70 | 0.81 | 0.85 | 157.50 |
   Begonia grandis Dryand. | Begoniaceae | Akangzi | vegetable | Tender leaves and stems, eaten raw (AB). | FO-CA-UA(summer and autumn) | 0087 |  |  |  |  |
   Berberis sp. | Berberidaceae | Ciilv | vitamine & functional food | Fruits, eaten raw (TC). | FO-CA-UA(summer and autumn) | 0007 | 4 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 1.35 |
   Cynoglossum amabile Stapf & J. R. Drumm. | Boraginaceae |  | forage | Aerial part, eaten raw or boiled in water (AB). | CA(spring, summer, autumn) | 0064 |  |  |  |  |
   Ehretia dicksonii Hance | Boraginaceae | Buna | forage, vitamine & functional food | Fruits, eaten raw (AB). Leaves, as forage (AB). | SC-UA (summer) | 0207 | 4 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 1.35 |
   Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medik. | Brassicaceae |  | vegetable | Leaves, fried (TC). | SC-CA-UA (spring) | 0198 |  |  |  |  |
   Cardamine macrophylla Willd. | Brassicaceae | You | vegetable | Leaves, fried (TC). | FO (spring and summer) | 0266 | 76 | 0.88 | 0.94 | 205.20 |
   Cardamine tangutorum O. E. Schulz | Brassicaceae | You | vegetable | Leaves, fried (TC). | FO(spring and summer) | 0353 | 76 | 0.88 | 0.94 | 205.20 |
   Eutrema yunnanense Franch. | Brassicaceae | Bei | vegetable, forage | Leaves, fried (TC). Eaten raw by animals. | FO (spring and summer) | 0352 | 73 | 0.85 | 0.85 | 65.70 |
   Nasturtium officinale R. Br. | Brassicaceae | Shuicai, Xiyangcai | vegetable | Leaves, fried (CC). | AE(all seasons) | 0166 | 45 | 0.52 | 0.52 | 206.72 |
   Thlaspi arvense L. | Brassicaceae | Jucu | oil & fats, vitamine & functional food | Seeds, dried and boiled in water (AB). Whole plant, boiled in water as functional food (AB). | SC-UA (summer) | 0129 |  |  |  |  |
   Adenophora stricta Miq. | Campanulaceae | Apudada | vitamine & functional food, vegetable | Roots, stewed in meat (TC). Leaves, eaten raw (TC). | CA(all seasons) | 0038 | 38 | 0.44 | 0.45 | 106.88 |
   Cannabis sativa L. | Cannabaceae | Samei | oil & fats | Seeds, dried and boiled in water (AB). | SC-CA-UA (summer and autumn) | P1422 | 67 | 0.78 | 0.78 | 24.12 |
   Dipsacus asper Wall. ex DC. | Caprifoliaceae |  | vitamine & functional food | Roots, boiled in water (TC). | FO-SC-CA-UA(all seasons) | P1421 |  |  |  |  |
   Sambucus adnata Wall. ex DC. | Caprifoliaceae | Shousi | vitamine & functional food | Whole plant, boiled in water (TC). | FO-SC(all seasons) |  | 3 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 1.01 |
   Sambucus javanica Blume | Caprifoliaceae | Munongzi | vitamine & functional food | Whole plant, boiled in water (TC). | SC-CA-UA (all seasons) | 0227 |  |  |  |  |
   Valeriana jatamansi Jones | Caprifoliaceae | Matixiang | vegetable, vitamine & functional food | Whole plant, stewed (TC). | SC-CA-UA (all seasons) | 0041 | 67 | 0.78 | 0.90 | 120.60 |
   Viburnum betulifolium Batalin | Adoxaceae | Efuni | vitamine & functional food | Fruits, eaten raw (TC). | FO-CA-UA(summer and autumn) | 0122 | 30 | 0.35 | 0.35 | 12.15 |
   Viburnum cylindricum Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don | Adoxaceae |  | oil & fats | Seeds, dried and boiled in water (AB). | FO-SC (winter) | 0035 |  |  |  |  |
   Viburnum foetidum var. ceanothoides (C. H. Wright) Handel-Mazzetti | Adoxaceae | Ciifuni | vitamine & functional food | Fruits, eaten raw (TC). | FO-CA-UA(summer and autumn) | 0213 | 30 | 0.35 | 0.35 | 12.15 |
   Cuscuta chinensis Lam. | Convolvulaceae | Mulupabie | vegetable, vitamine & functional food | Whole plant, boiled in water (TC). | SC-CA-UA (all seasons) | 0156 |  |  |  |  |
   Cornus capitata Wall. | Cornaceae | Laka | vitamine & functional food | Fruits, eaten raw (TC). | FO-CA-UA(summer and autumn) | 0086 | 52 | 0.60 | 0.60 | 14.04 |
   Cyperus sp. | Cyperaceae | Wongdanzi | forage | Aerial part, eaten raw or boiled in water (TC). | CA(spring, summer and autumn) |  |  |  |  |  |
   Dioscorea deltoidea Wall. ex Griseb. | Dioscoreaceae | Rua ba; Luanba | carbohydrates | Tubers, dried and boiled in water (TC). | FO-CA-SC (autumn) | 0094 | 7 | 0.08 | 0.08 | 4.73 |
   Dioscorea yunnanensis Prain & Burkill | Dipsacaceae |  | vitamine & functional food | Roots, boiled in water (TC). | FO-SC-CA-UA (all seasons) | P1409 |  |  |  |  |
   Diospyros lotus L. | Ebenaceae | Tazhu | vitamine & functional food | Fruits, eaten raw (TC). | FO-CA-UA(summer and autumn) | P1417 | 3 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 1.01 |
   Elaeagnus umbellata Thunb. | Elaeagnaceae |  | vegetable | Fruits, eaten raw (TC). | SC-UA (autumn) | 0211 |  |  |  |  |
   Hippophae rhamnoides L. | Elaeagnaceae | Zhu | beverage | Fruits, fermented for sour taste (AB). | FO-SC (autumn) |  |  |  |  |  |
   Pyrola atropurpurea Franch. | Ericaceae |  | forage | Aerial part, eaten raw or boiled in water (TC). | FO (spring, summer and autumn) |  |  |  |  |  |
   Vaccinium fragile Franch. | Ericaceae | Anmiximi | vitamine & functional food | Fruits, eaten raw (AB). | FO-CA-UA(summer and autumn) | 0021 |  |  |  |  |
   Bauhinia sp. | Fabaceae | Huangrekei | forage | Leaves, eaten raw or boiled in water (TC). | FO (spring, summer and autumn) | 0142 |  |  |  |  |
   Cassia sp. | Fabaceae | Wujibaba | forage | Leaves, eaten raw or boiled in water for livestocks (TC). | FO (spring, summer and autumn) | 0319 |  |  |  |  |
   Lespedeza sp. | Fabaceae | Fushibeibei | forage | Leaves, eaten raw or boiled in water (AB). | FO (spring, summer and autumn) | 0100 |  |  |  |  |
   Lespedeza thunbergii subsp. elliptica (Benth. ex Maxim.) H. Ohashi | Fabaceae |  | forage | Leaves, eaten raw or boiled in water (AB). | FO(spring, summer, autumn) | 0091 |  |  |  |  |
   Medicago lupulina L. | Fabaceae | Mosu | forage | Aerial part, eaten raw or boiled in water (TC). | CA(spring, summer and autumn) | 0239 |  |  |  |  |
   Piptanthus nepalensis (Hook.) Sweet | Fabaceae | Murekei | forage | Leaves, eaten raw or boiled in water (TC). | FO(spring, summer and autumn) | 0105 |  |  |  |  |
   Trifolium repens L. | Fabaceae |  | forage | Aerial part, eaten raw (TC). | CA(all seasons) | P1415 |  |  |  |  |
   Quercus sp. | Fagaceae | Laba | forage | Tender Leaves, eaten raw or boiled in water (TC). | FO (all seasons) | 0098 |  |  |  |  |
   Gentiana rigescens Franch. | Gentianaceae | Yinini; Zii | vitamine & functional food | Whole plant, boiled in water (TC). | FO-SC (all seasons) | 0326 |  |  |  |  |
   Helwingia chinensis Batalin | Helwingiaceae | Ninahagubii | vegetable | Tender leaves, fried (AB). | FO (spring and summer) | 0215 | 4 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.90 |
   Hypericum forrestii (Chitt.) N. Robson | Hypericaceae | Muwaniba | honey source plant | Flowers, sucked (AB). | SC-CA-UA (summer) | 0243 |  |  |  |  |
   Itea yunnanensis Franch. | Iteaceae | Piejulu | forage | Tender leaves, eaten raw (TC). | FO-CA-UA(summer and autumn) | 0077 |  |  |  |  |
   Juglans cathayensis Dode | Juglandaceae | Gudu | oil & fats | Seeds, dried and boiled in water (AB). | FO-SC-CA-UA (autumn and winter) | P1412 | 67 | 0.78 | 0.80 | 20.35 |
   Dracocephalum sp. | Lamiaceae | Bingba | forage | Aerial part, eaten raw or boiled in water (AB). | FO (spring, summer and autumn) | 0039 |  |  |  |  |
   Elsholtzia strobilifera (Benth.) Benth. | Lamiaceae |  | edible condiments | Seeds, dried, for seasoning (AB). | SC-CA-UA (autumn and winter) | 0192 |  |  |  |  |
   Mentha canadensis L. | Lamiaceae | Angzhi | vegetable, edible condiments | Tender leaves and stems, fried, or cold and dressed with sauce (TC). | CA-UA (all seasons) | 0012 | 43 | 0.50 | 0.50 | 169.31 |
   Origanum vulgare L. | Lamiaceae | Kedu | edible condiments | Seeds and leaves, dried, for seasoning (AB). | SC-CA-UA (autumn and winter) | 0058 |  |  |  |  |
   Salvia trijuga Diels | Lamiaceae |  | vitamine & functional food | Roots, boiled in water (TC). | FO-SC-UA (all seasons) | 0119 |  |  |  |  |
   Streptolirion volubile Edgew. | Commelinaceae | Mailexu | forage | Aerial part, eaten raw (TC). | CA(spring, summer and autumn) | 0030 |  |  |  |  |
   Malva verticillata L. | Malvaceae |  | carbohydrates | Tubers, dried and boiled in water (TC). | FO-CA-SC (autumn) | 0152 |  |  |  |  |
   Ficus sarmentosa Buch.-Ham. ex Sm. | Moraceae | Kesulu | vitamine & functional food | Fruits, eaten raw (TC). | FO-CA-UA(summer and autumn) | 0040 | 3 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 1.01 |
   Morus mongolica (Bureau) C. K. Schneid. | Moraceae | Ciilu | vitamine & functional food | Fruits, eaten raw (TC). | FO-CA-UA(summer and autumn) | 0132 |  |  |  |  |
   Epipactis mairei Schltr. | Orchidaceae | aba | forage | Aerial part, eaten raw or boiled in water (AB). | FO(spring, summer and autumn) | 0026 |  |  |  |  |
   Habenaria sp. | Orchidaceae |  | vitamine & functional food | Tubers, boiled in water (AB). | FO (autumn) | 0037 |  |  |  |  |
   Oxalis acetosella L. | Oxalidaceae | Tuolaibaba | forage | Aerial part, eaten raw or boiled in water (TC). | CA (spring, summer and autumn) | 0313 |  |  |  |  |
   Plantago asiatica L. | Plantaginaceae | Umeiheizhou | vegetable, vitamine & functional food | Whole plant, boiled in water (TC). | SC-CA-UA (all seasons) | 0049 | 64 | 0.74 | 0.78 | 144.00 |
   Avena fatua L. | Poaceae | Wongdaba | carbohydrates forage | Seeds, dried, smashed and fried (TC). Whole plant for animal (TC). | CA (summer and autumn) | P1419 |  |  |  |  |
   Catabrosa aquatica (L.) P. Beauv. | Poaceae | Zii | forage | Aerial part, eaten raw or boiled in water (TC). | CA (spring, summer and autumn) | 0256 |  |  |  |  |
   Echinochloa crusgalli (L.) P. Beauv. | Poaceae | Bai | carbohydrates | Seeds, dried (AB). | SC-CA-UA (summer, autumn and winter) | 0146 |  |  |  |  |
   Phyllostachys glauca McClure | Poaceae | Zhusun | vegetable | Young shoots, fried (TC). | SC-CA-UA (spring and early summer) | 0154 | 5 | 0.06 | 0.06 | 1.13 |
   Setaria viridis (L.) P. Beauv. | Poaceae | Kucuzii | forage | Aerial part, eaten raw or boiled in water (TC). | CA (spring, summer and autumn) |  |  |  |  |  |
   Fagopyrum dibotrys (D. Don) H.Hara | Polygonaceae | Saidiku | forage | Aerial part, eaten raw or boiled in water (TC). | CA (all seasons) | 0015 |  |  |  |  |
   Fagopyrum gracilipes (Hemsl.) Dammer ex Diels | Polygonaceae | Niarlagulepo | forage | Aerial part, eaten raw or boiled in water (TC). | CA (spring, summer and autumn) | 0141 |  |  |  |  |
   Oxyria sinensis Hemsl. | Polygonaceae | Huaji | vegetable, forage | Young shoots, eaten raw by people (AB). Leaves, eaten by animals (TC). | SC-CA-UA (spring, summer and autumn) | 0176 | 10 | 0.12 | 0.23 | 15.19 |
   Polygonum capitatum Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don | Polygonaceae | Niaorla | forage | Aerial part, eaten raw (TC). | CA (spring, summer and autumn) | 0144 |  |  |  |  |
   Polygonum paleaceum Wall. | Polygonaceae | Yeku | vitamine & functional food | Roots, boiled in water (TC). | FO (all seasons) |  |  |  |  |  |
   Polygonum runcinatum Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don | Polygonaceae | Lagasidi | vegetable | Leaves, fried (TC). | SC-CA-UA (spring, summer and autumn) | 0237 | 6 | 0.07 | 0.07 | 4.68 |
   Rumex acetosa L. | Polygonaceae | Lagasidi | vegetable | Young shoots, eaten raw (AB). | SC-CA-UA (spring, summer and autumn) | 0236 |  |  |  |  |
   Myrsine africana L. | Primulaceae | Lagancii | vitamine & functional food | Fruits, eaten raw (AB). | FO-CA-UA(summer and autumn) | 0076 |  |  |  |  |
   Clematis armandii Franch. | Ranunculaceae | Ehake | vegetable | Young shoots, fried (TC). | SC-CA-UA (spring) | 0163 |  |  |  |  |
   Clematis ranunculoides Franch. | Ranunculaceae | Umeijuzi | forage | Aerial part, eaten raw or boiled in water (TC). | CA (spring, summer and autumn) | 0046 |  |  |  |  |
   Thalictrum aquilegiifolium L. var. sibiricum Regel & Tiling | Ranunculaceae | Renuba | forage | Aerial part, eaten raw or boiled in water (TC). | CA(spring, summer and autumn) | 0042 |  |  |  |  |
   Ziziphus montana W. W. Smith | Rhamnaceae | Cipa | vitamine & functional food | Fruits, eaten raw (TC). | FO-CA-UA(summer and autumn) | 0349 | 17 | 0.20 | 0.20 | 5.74 |
   Amygdalus davidiana (Carrière) de Vos ex Henry | Rosaceae | Buji,buka | vitamine & functional food | Fruits, eaten raw (TC). | FO-CA-UA(summer and autumn) | 0217 |  |  |  |  |
   Cerasus cerasoides (Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don) S. Y. Sokolov | Rosaceae |  | vitamine & functional food | Fruits, eaten raw (TC). | FO-CA-UA(summer and autumn) | P1402 |  |  |  |  |
   Docynia delavayi (Franch.) C. K. Schneid. | Rosaceae | Sibu | vitamine & functional food | Fruits, eaten raw (TC). | FO-CA-UA(summer and autumn) |  | 51 | 0.59 | 0.59 | 11.48 |
   Fragaria nilgerrensis Schltdl. ex J. Gay | Rosaceae | Anmenbuzi; Alibuji; Ameibuji | vitamine & functional food | Fruits, eaten raw (TC). | FO-CA-UA(summer and autumn) | P1414 |  |  |  |  |
   Fragaria vesca L. | Rosaceae | Ameibuji | vitamine & functional food | Fruits, eaten raw (TC). | FO-CA-UA(summer and autumn) | 0226 | 14 | 0.16 | 0.16 | 3.15 |
   Malus rockii Rehder | Rosaceae |  | vitamine & functional food | Fruits, eaten raw (TC). | FO-CA-UA(summer and autumn) |  |  |  |  |  |
   Malus yunnanensis (Franch.) C.K. Schneid. | Rosaceae | Lvba | vitamine & functional food | Fruits, eaten raw (TC). | FO-CA-UA(summer and autumn) | 0210 |  |  |  |  |
   Osteomeles schwerinae C. K. Schneid. | Rosaceae | Dazhu | vitamine & functional food | Fruits, eaten raw (AB). | FO-CA-UA(summer and autumn) | 0346 | 18 | 0.21 | 0.21 | 4.05 |
   Potentilla kleiniana Wight & Arn. | Rosaceae |  | forage | Aerial part, eaten raw or boiled in water (TC). | CA (spring, summer and autumn) | 0079 |  |  |  |  |
   Prinsepia utilis Royle | Rosaceae | Chuda | vitamine & functional food, beverage, oil & fats | Fruits, eaten raw (AB). Seeds, smashed and boiled in water for oil (CC). Leaves, for making functional tea (TC). | SC-CA-UA(spring, summer and autumn) | 0159 | 45 | 0.52 | 0.57 | 177.69 |
   Pyracantha angustifolia (Franch.) C. K. Schneid. | Rosaceae | Anmilaximi; Saigulu; Youlubuzhu | vitamine & functional food | Fruits, eaten raw (AB). | FO-CA-UA(summer and autumn) | 0229 | 9 | 0.10 | 0.10 | 2.63 |
   Pyracantha fortuneana (Maxim.) H. L. Li | Rosaceae | Abalugu | vitamine & functional food | Fruits, eaten raw (AB). | FO-CA-UA(summer and autumn) | 0004 | 9 | 0.10 | 0.10 | 2.63 |
   Pyrus pashia Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don | Rosaceae |  | vitamine & functional food | Fruits, eaten raw (TC). | FO-CA-UA(summer and autumn) | P1410 |  |  |  |  |
   Rosa sp. | Rosaceae | Haducii | vitamine & functional food | Fruits, eaten raw (TC). | FO-CA-UA(summer and autumn) | 0128 |  |  |  |  |
   Rubus biflorus Buch.-Ham. ex Sm. | Rosaceae | Cipaaha | vitamine & functional food | Fruits, eaten raw (TC). | FO-CA-UA(summer and autumn) | 0265 | 29 | 0.34 | 0.34 | 9.79 |
   Rubus sp. | Rosaceae | Ciinaaha | vitamine & functional food | Fruits, eaten raw (TC). | FO-CA-UA(summer and autumn) | 0172 | 29 | 0.34 | 0.34 | 9.79 |
   Sorbus hemsleyi (C. K. Schneid.) Rehder | Rosaceae | Emaiji | vitamine & functional food | Fruits, eaten raw (TC). | FO-CA-UA(summer and autumn) | 0274 | 48 | 0.56 | 0.56 | 135.00 |
   Sorbus hupehensis C. K. Schneid. | Rosaceae | Yumaiji | vitamine & functional food | Fruits, eaten raw (TC). Dried and pounded to powder to cure high blood pressure (TC). | FO-CA-UA(summer and autumn) | 0275 | 48 | 0.56 | 0.56 | 135.00 |
   Rubia membranacea Diels | Rubiaceae |  | forage | Aerial part, eaten raw or boiled in water (TC). | CA(spring, summer and autumn) | 0121 |  |  |  |  |
   Zanthoxylum armatum DC. | Rutaceae |  | edible condiments | Fruit shells, dried, for seasoning (TC). | FO-SC-CA (autumn) | 0139 |  |  |  |  |
   Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim. | Rutaceae | Yehuajiao | edible condiments | Fruit shells, dried, for seasoning (TC). | FO-SC-CA (autumn) | 0078 | 5 | 0.06 | 0.08 | 13.78 |
   Houttuynia cordata Thunb. | Saururaceae | Arunaha; Azina | vitamine & functional food, vegetable | Tender leaves, stems and roots, fried, or cold and dressed with sauce (TC). Leaves, boiled in water (TC). | CA-UA (all seasons) | 0044 | 74 | 0.86 | 1.21 | 2164.50 |
   Schisandra sp. | Schisandraceae |  | beverage | Fruits, for making liqueur (TC) | FO (spring) |  |  |  |  |  |
   Debregeasia orientalis C. J. Chen | Urticaceae | Pimi | vegetable | Young shoots and flower, eaten raw (AB). | SC-CA-UA (spring) | 0143 | 12 | 0.14 | 0.14 | 8.10 |
   Verbena officinalis L. | Verbenaceae |  | vegetable, vitamine & functional food | Whole plant, boiled in water (TC). | SC-CA-UA (all seasons) | 0014 | 11 | 0.13 | 0.13 | 96.80 |
   Viola sp. | Violaceae | Lagagudu; Lagaseimei | vitamine & functional food | Fruits, eaten raw (AB). | FO-CA-UA(summer and autumn) | 0180 | 4 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 1.35 |
   Ampelopsis delavayana Planch. | Vitaceae | Gaiha | vitamine & functional food | Fruits, eaten raw (TC). | FO-CA-UA (summer and autumn) | 0084 |  |  |  |  |
Gymnosperm | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   Pinus armandi Franch. | Pinaceae | Situo | carbohydrates | Seeds, eaten raw (TC). | FO-SC (autumn) | 0250 | 10 | 0.12 | 0.12 | 2.25 |
Fern | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   Equisetum hyemale L. | Equisetaceae |  | forage | Aerial part, eaten raw or boiled in water (AB). | CA (spring, summer and autumn) |  |  |  |  |  |
   Adiantum sp. | Pteridaceae |  | forage | Aerial part, eaten raw or boiled in water (TC). | FO (spring, summer and autumn) | 0303 |  |  |  |  |
   Pteridium aquilinum var. latiusculum (Desv.) Underw. ex Heller. | Pteridaceae | Ade | vegetable | Leaves, fried (TC). | FO (spring and summer) | 0222 | 38 | 0.44 | 0.44 | 51.3 |
   Pteridium revolutum (Blume) Nakai | Pteridaceae | Angzhide | vegetable | Leaves, fried (TC). | FO (spring and summer) | 0267 | 38 | 0.44 | 0.44 | 51.3 |
Mushroom | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   Auricularia sp. | Auriculariaceae | Muer | vegetable | Fruit body, fried (TC). | FO (summer and autumn) | P1416 |  |  |  |  |
   Boletus edulis Bull. | Boletaceae | Chumugulu | vegetable | Fruit body, stewed, fried (TC). | FO (summer and autumn) | 0342 | 8 | 0.09 | 0.09 | 4.80 |
   Tylopilus balloui (Peck) Sing | Boletaceae | Niuganjun | vegetable | Fruit body, stewed, fried (TC). | FO (summer and autumn) |  |  |  |  |  |
   Tylopilus sp. | Boletaceae | Bamu | vegetable | Fruit body, stewed, fried (TC). | FO (summer and autumn) |  | 10 | 0.12 | 0.12 | 5.20 |
   Cantharellus cibarius Fr. | Cantharellaceae | Jiyoujun | vegetable | Fruit body, stewed, fried (TC). | FO (summer and autumn) | P1405 | 10 | 0.12 | 0.12 | 6.00 |
   Cordyceps sobolifera (Hill.) Berk. et Br. | Clavicipitaceae | Chongcao | vitamine & functional food | Fruit body, stewed (TC). | FO (summer) |  |  |  |  |  |
   Entoloma clypeatum (L.) P. Kumm. | Entolomataceae | Yiwojun | vegetable | Fruit body, fried (TC). | FO (summer and autumn) | P1406 |  |  |  |  |
   Gomphus sp. | Gomphaceae | Labajun | vegetable | Fruit body, stewed, fried (TC). | FO (summer and autumn) |  |  |  |  |  |
   Hericium sp. | Hericiaceae | Houtoujun | vegetable | Fruit body, stewed (TC). | FO (spring, summer and autumn) |  | 5 | 0.06 | 0.06 | 2.60 |
   Laccaria laccata (Scop.) Cooke | Hydnangiaceae | Tashimu | vegetable | Fruit body, stewed, fried (TC). | FO (summer and autumn) | 0282 |  |  |  |  |
   Hygrophorus sp. | Hygrophoraceae | Huanglasan | vegetable | Fruit body, fried (TC). | FO (autumn) |  | 3 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 1.80 |
   Engleromyces sp. | Hypocreaceae | Zhujun | vegetable | Fruit body, dried and stewed (TC). | FO (summer) |  |  |  |  |  |
   Lentinula sp. | Marasmiaceae | Zhemu | vegetable | Fruit body, fried (TC). | FO (summer and autumn) |  | 6 | 0.07 | 0.07 | 3.60 |
   Morchella esculenta Pers. | Morchellaceae | Aboduoluoluo | vegetable | Fruit body, stewed (TC). | FO (summer) |  |  |  |  |  |
   Coriolus versicolor L. | Polyporaceae | Lingzhi | vitamine & functional food | Fruit body, stewed (TC). | FO(autumn) | P1401 |  |  |  |  |
   Polyporus sp. | Polyporaceae | Musi | vegetable | Fruit body, fried (AB). | FO-SC (spring and summer) | 0278 | 3 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 1.80 |
   Ramaria rubri-attenuipes R.H. Petersen & M. Zang | Ramariaceae | Saobajun | vegetable | Fruit body, stewed, fried (TC). | FO (summer) |  | 12 | 0.14 | 0.14 | 6.24 |
   Lactaricus sp. 1 | Russulaceae | Wenzhishi | vegetable | Fruit body, stewed, fried (TC). | FO (spring and summer) | 0338 | 14 | 0.16 | 0.16 | 8.40 |
   Lactaricus sp. 2 | Russulaceae | Baipajun | vegetable | Fruit body, stewed, fried (TC). | FO (spring and summer) | 0341 | 17 | 0.20 | 0.20 | 10.20 |
   Lactaricus sp. 3 | Russulaceae | Minuka | vegetable | Fruit body, stewed, fried (TC). | FO (spring and summer) | 0284 |  |  |  |  |
   Lactarius hatsudake Tanaka | Russulaceae | Tongbulu | vegetable | Fruit body, stewed, fried (TC). | FO (summer) | 0285 |  |  |  |  |
   Lactarius sp. 4 | Russulaceae | Angzhishi | vegetable | Fruit body, stewed, fried (TC). | FO (spring and summer) | 0288 |  |  |  |  |
   Lactarius sp. 5 | Russulaceae | Jucu | vegetable | Fruit body, stewed, fried (TC). | FO (spring and summer) | 0281 |  |  |  |  |
   Russula sp. 1 | Russulaceae | Kaca | vegetable | Fruit body, fried (TC). | FO (summer and autumn) | 0286 | 9 | 0.10 | 0.10 | 5.40 |
   Russula sp. 2 | Russulaceae | Zhebu | vegetable | Fruit body, fried (TC). | FO (summer and autumn) | 0340 | 9 | 0.10 | 0.10 | 5.40 |
   Russula sp. 3 | Russulaceae | Huotanjun | vegetable | Fruit body, fried (AB). | FO (summer) |  |  |  |  |  |
   Russula sp. 4 | Russulaceae | Azimenihu | vegetable | Fruit body, fried (TC). | FO (summer and autumn) | 0283 |  |  |  |  |
   Russula virescens (schaeff . ex Zanted) Fr. | Russulaceae | Qingtoujun | vegetable | Fruit body, stewed, fried (TC). | FO (summer) |  | 4 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 2.40 |
   Thelephora sp. | Thelephoraceae | Ganbajun | vegetable | Fruit body, fried (TC). | FO (summer) |  |  |  |  |  |
   Tricholoma matsutake Sing | Thelephoraceae | Songmaojun | vegetable | Fruit body, stewed, fried (TC). | FO (autumn) |  |  |  |  |  |
   Tricholoma sp. | Thelephoraceae | Songmaojun | vegetable | Fruit body, stewed, fried (TC). | FO (autumn) |  |  |  |  |  |
   Tricholoma sp. | Thelephoraceae | Yumu | vegetable | Fruit body, stewed, fried (TC). | FO (autumn) |  | 19 | 0.22 | 0.22 | 41.04 |
   Lyophyllum fumosum (Pers. : Fr.) P. D. Orton. | Tricholomataceae | Yiwojun | vegetable | Fruit body, fried (TC). | FO (summer and autumn) |  |  |  |  |  |
   Lyophyllum sp. | Tricholomataceae | Menzher | vegetable | , stewed (TC). | FO (summer and autumn) | 0280 | 31 | 0.36 | 0.36 | 22.32 |
   Marasmius sp. | Tricholomataceae | Huangpijun | vegetable | Fruit body, fried (TC). | FO (summer) |  | 3 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 1.80 |
   Termitomyces sp. 1 | Tricholomataceae | Mulu | vegetable | Fruit body, stewed, dried, dried and fried, salted (TC) | FO (summer and autumn) | P1403 | 36 | 0.42 | 0.42 | 116.64 |
   Termitomyces sp. 2 | Tricholomataceae | Umu | vegetable | Fruit body, stewed, dried, dried and fried, salted (TC) | FO (summer and autumn) | P1403 |  |  |  |  |
Lichen | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   Lobaria retigera Trevis. | Lobariaceae |  | vegetable | Whole plant, stewed, or cold and dressed with sauce (AB). | FO (all seasons) | 0219 | 42 | 0.49 | 0.49 | 3.47 |
   Lobaria yunnanensis Yoshim | Lobariaceae |  | vegetable | Whole plant, stewed, or cold and dressed with sauce (AB). | FO (all seasons) | 0253 | 42 | 0.49 | 0.49 | 3.47 |
   Thamnolia vermicularia (Sw.) Ach. Ex Schae | Thamnoliaceae |  | beverage | Whole plant, for making tea (TC). | RP (spring) |  |  |  |  |  |
Algae | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   Nostoc commune Vaucher ex Bornet & Flahault | Nostocaceae | Baqi | vegetable | Aerial part, fried (TC). | AE (summer) | 0279 |  |  |  |  |
   Nostoc sphaeroids Kutz | Nostocaceae | Bacai i e | vegetable | Aerial part, fried (TC). | FO (summer) | P1411 |  |  |  |  |