|
Beeswax, honey & royal jelly
|
Bio-active, oestrogenic and immunosuppressive compounds
|
[43, 91, 147]
|
|
Bee venom
|
Anti-malignant, anti-inflammatory, anti-arthritic peptides, e.g. melittin
|
[85, 88, 178, 179]
|
|
Lice salivary glands
|
Medically effective toxins
|
[182]
|
|
Fly maggots
|
Anti-microbial secretions
|
[26, 184]
|
|
Stinging ants
|
Antimicrobial, haemolytic, cytolytic, insecticidal compounds, e.g., peptides
|
[185, 186]
|
|
Meloid beetles, e.g., Mylabris phalerata
|
Cytotoxic effect on human mononuclear leukaemic U937 cells and anti-cancer and anti-leismanial activities; apoptosis inducer
|
[35, 159, 190, 231]
|
|
Centipede Scolopendra subspinipes mutilans
|
Peptides with strong antimicrobial and moderate haemolytic activity against human and rabbit red cells
|
[34, 48, 136, 233, 234]
|
|
Chelicerates (e.g., Heterometrus bengalensis scorpion)
|
Apoptogenic, anti-proliferative, anti-osteoporosis substance, e.g., bengalin
|
[140,142,, 143–145]
|
|
Ticks (e.g., Ixodes sp.) and leeches
|
Cell proliferation inhibitors and Anti-coagulants, e.g., hirudin
|
[32,199,, 160, 198–200]
|
|
Earthworms, e.g. Eisenia foetida and Lumbricus rubelus
|
Anti-pyretic, anti-spasmodic, diuretic, anti-asthmatic, anti-hypertensive, anti-allergic, anti-neoplastic properties
|
[156, 158]
|
