Table 1 List of plants mentioned by informants in the study area and botanically classified with at least the botanical family name

08003

Acanthaceae

Hygrophila auriculata (Schumach.) Heine

*

Mbigiri

herb

W

M

leaves

wounds

03003

Amaranthaceae

Amaranthus sp.

*

Mchicha

herb

C

F

plant

01005

Anacardiaceae

Schinus sp.

*

Mpilipili

tree

W

F

fruit

08008

Anacardiaceae

Sclerocarya birrea (A.Rich.) Hochst

*

Mbwegere

tree

W

M

bark

gastrointestinal

02009

Annonaceae

Annona muricata L.

*

Mstafeli

tree

C

F

fruit

07012

Annonaceae

Annona reticulata L.

*

Topetope

tree

C

F

fruit

01013

Apocynaceae

Landolphia kirkii Dyer

*

Kibanalomo

climber

W

F

fruit

01020

Apocynaceae

Saba comorensis (Bojer ex A.DC.) Pichon

*

Lingombe

climber

W

F

fruit

01033

Apocynaceae

Tabernaemontana pachysiphon Stapf

**

Mkomba, Mlowolowo

tree

W

M

roots, leaves

gastrointestinal

01010

Apocynaceae

unidentified

*

Kihongola

shrub

W

R

branches

knives, handles

02015

Araceae

Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott

*

Magimbaji

herb

C

F

roots, leaves

02016

Araceae

Colocasia sp.

*

Magimblima

herb

C

F

roots

05030

Araceae

Philodendron sp.

*

Mtambala panya

herb

W

M

leaves

respiratory

02017

Arecaceae

Elaeis guineensis Jacq.

*

Mchikichi

palm

C

F

fruit

01021

Arecaceae

Phoenix reclinata Jacq.

*

Ukindu

palm

W

R

leaves

baskets, mats

01039

Arecaceae

unidentified

*

Msalisi

palm

W

F

leaves

01009

Asparagaceae

Asparagus flagellaris (Kunth) Baker

*

Mwinika

herb

W

F

plant

08007

Bignoniaceae

Kigelia africana (Lam.) Benth

***

Mfungutua, Mfumbili

tree

W

M, O

bark, fruit

pain and inflammations, gastrointestinal

03002

Brassicaceae

Brassica sp.

*

Chinese

herb

C

F, M

leaves

gynaecological, andrological and urinogenital

03011

Brassicaceae

unidentified

*

Figiri, Leshuu

herb

C

F, M

leaves, plant

pain and inflammations, cardio-circulatory

04015

Caricaceae

Carica papaya L.

*

Mpapai

tree

C

F

fruit

01025

Cecropiaceae

Myrianthus holstii Engl.

*

Mfusa

tree

W

F

fruit

01023

Clusiaceae

Allanblackia stuhlmannii (Engl.) Engl

*

Mkanyi

tree

W

F

fruit

01003

Combretaceae

Combretum sp.

*

Mlama

tree

W

R

plant

charcoal, traditional beehives

06006

Combretaceae

Terminalia catappa L.

*

Mkungu

tree

C

F, R

fruit, plant

firewood

04006

Compositae

Bidens pilosa L.

*

Mashona nguo

herb

W

F

leaves

05024

Compositae

Emilia coccinea (Sims) G.Don

*

Muelishi

herb

W

F

leaves

01016

Compositae

Lactuca inermis Forssk.

**

Mchunga

herb

W

F

leaves

01007

Compositae

unidentified

*

Jungujungu

herb

W

M

leaves

wounds

05016

Compositae

unidentified

*

Mnyamgoha

herb

W

M

plant

gynaecological, andrological and urinogenital

05023

Compositae

unidentified

*

Munosa

herb

W

M

flowers

eyes disesaes

07004

Compositae

unidentified

*

Mganagana

herb

W

M

plant

typhus

04003

Convolvulaceae

Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.

**

Kiazi kitam

herb

C

F

roots

02010

Convolvulaceae

Ipomoea sp.

*

Matembele

herb

C

M, F

leaves

weakness and faints

08001

Convolvulaceae

unidentified

*

Kaberega

herb

W

M

leaves

gynaecological, andrological and urinogenital

02014

Crassulaceae

Kalanchoe sp.

*

Msharif

succulent

C

M

leaves

gastrointestinal, cardio-circulatory

04005

Cucurbitaceae

Cucurbita sp.

*

Majani ya Maboga, Maboga

herb

C

F

leaves

01029

Cucurbitaceae

Momordica foetida Schumach.

*

Delega

herb

W

F

leaves

04013

Cucurbitaceae

Telfairia pedata (Sm.) Hook.

*

Mkweme

climber

C

F

seeds

03005

Cyperaceae

unidentified

*

Makangaga

herb

W

R

plant

roof cover

02020

Dracaenaceae

Dracaena fragrans (L.) Ker Gawl.

*

Msae

shrub

C

O

plant

fence, decoration

01019

Dracaenaceae

Dracaena mannii Baker

*

Mshindamaji

shrub

W

M

leaves, bark

gastrointestinal, parasites, aphrodisiac

01004

Ebenaceae

Diospyros loureiroana G.Don

*

Mdaa, Nyakatitu

shrub

W

O

plant

colorant

01035

Euphorbiaceae

Bridelia micrantha (Hochst.) Baill.

*

Mwiza

tree

W

R, O

log, bark

roof frames, colorant

01012

Euphorbiaceae

Jatropha sp.

*

Mtowo

shrub

W

R

bark

ropes and strings

02022

Euphorbiaceae

Manihot esculenta Crantz

***

Kisamvu

shrub

C

F

leaves, roots

06002

Lamiaceae

Gmelina arborea Roxb.

*

Mfudufudu

tree

C

R

log

furniture

07011

Lamiaceae

Leonotis nepetifolia (L.) R.Br.

*

Kitengetenge

herb

C

M

leaves

malaria, hernia, typhus

05040

Lamiaceae

Ocimum gratissimum L.

*

Mfumbeza

herb

W

M

plant

incontinence

02013

Lamiaceae

Ocimum tenuiflorum L.

*

Mvumbasi, Mlumbasi

shrub

C

M

leaves

teeth an gums

insect repellent

02019

Lamiaceae

Tectona grandis L.f.

*

Mtiki

tree

C

R

log

furniture

04002

Lamiaceae

unidentified

*

Mwidu

herb

W

F

leaves

05005

Lamiaceae

unidentified

*

Nyaka bondwa

herb

W

M

roots

snake bites

05025

Lamiaceae

unidentified

*

Muhesita

herb

W

M

plant

children incontinence

08005

Lamiaceae

unidentified

*

Mjekijeki

herb

W

M

leaves

wounds

09012

Lamiaceae

unidentified

*

Uftapori

herb

W

M

leaves

malaria

01040

Lamiaceae

Vitex doniana Sweet

****

Mcoga, Mfulu

tree

W

M, F, R

bark, leaves, fruits, log

weakness and faints

spoons, carved objects

09003

Leguminosae

Abrus precatorius L.

*

Ufambo, Kizunguzungu

climber

W

M

leaves

weakness and faints

05010

Leguminosae

Acacia sp.

*

Mtalula

tree

W

M

leaves, roots

gynaecological, andrological and urinogenital

07001

Leguminosae

Acrocarpus fraxinifolius Arn

*

Mkalati

tree

W

M

bark

gastrointestinal

05038

Leguminosae

Albizia schimperiana Oliv.

*

Msere

tree

W

R

branches

handles

05039

Leguminosae

Bauhinia petersiana Bolle

**

Myegea, Msegese

tree

WC

M

bark

respiratory, diabetes

03008

Leguminosae

Brachystegia sp.

*

Miombo

tree

W

R, O

plant, pollen

charcoal, bee plant

04008

Leguminosae

Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.

***

Mbaazi

shrub

C

M, F, R

leaves, seeds, plant

teeth and gums, otitis

firewood

05017

Leguminosae

Crotalaria sp.

*

Muvele

herb

W

M

leaves

headaches

05012

Leguminosae

Dalbergia melanoxylon Guill. & Perr.

*

Mpingo, Mningo

tree

W

O

log, leaves

carved objects, furniture, ritual against snakes

01011

Leguminosae

Entada sp.

*

Lifute

climber

W

P, O

leaves, bark

strong detergent

01037

Leguminosae

Erythrophleum suaveolens (Guill. & Perr.) Brenan

*

Mbaraka, Muhehe

tree

W

R

log

furniture

09010

Leguminosae

Piliostigma thonningii

*

Msegete

tree

W

M

leaves

gastrointestinal, gynaecological, andrological and urinogenital

01001

Leguminosae

Pterocarpus angolensis DC.

**

Mninga, Mnynga

tree

W

R, M

log, bark

gynaecological, andrological and urinogenital

furniture

05006

Leguminosae

Senna siamea (Lam.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby

*

Msonobari, Mjohoro

tree

WC

M, R

roots, plant

firewood

10003

Leguminosae

Tamarindus indica L.

**

Mkwaju

tree

WC

M, F

leaves, fruit

respiratory, gastrointestinal

parasites

01043

Leguminosae

unidentified

*

Likunde

herb

W

F

flowers

04009

Leguminosae

unidentified

*

Linyala

shrub

W

F

leaves

04014

Leguminosae

unidentified

*

Fiwi

climber

C

F

seeds

05008

Leguminosae

unidentified

*

Mfuna

herb

W

M

plant

weakness and faints

05015

Leguminosae

unidentified

*

Mugoba

tree

W

M

leaves

respiratory

05029

Leguminosae

unidentified

*

Mkalangangumbi

herb

C

O

leaves

ritual to increase chicken growth

08006

Leguminosae

unidentified

*

Liwowo

shrub

W

F

leaves

08010

Leguminosae

unidentified

*

Msawere

climber

W

M

roots

headaches

09013

Leguminosae

unidentified

*

Limbatamba

shrub

W

M

roots, leaves

cardio-circulatory

05046

Liliaceae

unidentified

*

Muheri

herb

W

M

plant

gastrointestinal

01034

Logoniaceae

Anthocleista grandiflora Gilg

*

Mbala

tree

W

O

leaves

poisons

04012

Malvaceae

Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench

*

Bamia

herb

C

F

fruits

02021

Malvaceae

Hibiscus sabdariffa L.

*

Karkade

shrub

C

M

leaves, fruits

cardio-circulatory

05019

Malvaceae

Hibiscus surattensis L.

***

Likakanapi, Mnyanyani

herb

W

M

leaves

eyes diseases, gastrointestinal

02008

Meliaceae

Cedrela odorata L.

*

Msenderela

tree

C

R

log

gastrointestinal

furniture

02007

Meliaceae

Khaya anthotheca (Welw.) C.DC.

*

Mkangazi

tree

C

R

plant

anemia

furniture, firewood

06004

Mimosaceae

Acacia auriculiformis Benth.

*

Msegerea, Mzanzibari

tree

C

R

plant

furniture, firewood

01042

Mimosaceae

Parkia filicoidea Oliv.

*

Mnieze

tree

W

F, R

fruit, log

furniture, building materials

02003

Moraceae

Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam.

*

Fenesi

tree

C

F

fruits

09011

Moraceae

Ficus sycomorus L.

*

Mkuyu

tree

W

M, O

bark, leaves

weakness and faints, wounds

ritual against evil eyes

05054

Moraceae

Milicia excelsa (Welw.) C.C.Berg

*

Mvule, Myange

tree

W

M, R

bark, log

furniture

01036

Moraceae

Treculia africana Decne. ex Trécul

*

Msaia

tree

W

F

fruits, seeds

weakness and faints

02004

Moringaceae

Moringa oleifera Lam.

*

Mlonge

tree

C

M

leaves, seeds

malaria, weakness and faints

03012

Musaceae

Musa x paradisiaca L.

*

Mgomba

herb

C

F, R

fruit, log

strings

06003

Myrtaceae

Eucalyptus tereticornis Sm.

**

Mlingoti, Mkalatusi

tree

C

R, M

log, bark, leaves

respiratory

poles

02006

Myrtaceae

Psidium guajava L.

**

Mpera

tree

C

M, F

leaves, fruit

gastrointestinal

01027

Myrtaceae

Syzygium guineense (Willd.) DC.

*

Mzambarau, Mvenge

tree

WC

F

fruit

05028

Nyctaginaceae

Bougainvillea spectabilis Willd.

*

Mpropes

shrub

C

M, O

leaves, flower, plant

parasites

decoration, acarus repellent

02005

Oxalidaceae

Averrhoa bilimbi L.

*

Mbilimbi

tree

C

F

fruit

01017

Piperaceae

Piper capense L.f.

*

Likundukundu

shrub

W

F

fruit

10008

Poaceae

Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf

*

Mchaichai

herb

C

F

leaves

poles

03004

Poaceae

Oxytenanthera abyssinica (A.Rich.) Munro

*

Mianzi ya ulanzi

herb

C

F, R

sap, log

poles

03006

Poaceae

unidentified

*

Magugu

herb

W

R

plant

roof cover

03007

Poaceae

unidentified

*

Magugu

herb

W

R

plant

roof cover

01014

Rubiaceae

Uncaria africana G.Don

*

Likamanda

climber

W

F

plant

02024

Rutaceae

Citrus limon (L.) Osbeck

*

Lemon tree

tree

C

F

fruit

02018

Rutaceae

Citrus nobilis Lour.

*

Tangerine

tree

C

F

fruit

01041

Sapotaceae

Synsepalum msolo (Engl.) T.D.Penn.

*

Msambisa

tree

W

F, R

fruit, log

poles and handles

03001

Solanaceae

Capsicum chinense Jacq.

**

Mpilipili

herb

C

F, O

fruit

repellent

10004

Solanaceae

Nicotiana tabacum L.

*

Tumbaco

herb

C

O

leaves

cigars

07009

Solanaceae

Physalis peruviana L.

*

Songosongo

herb

C

M

leaves

respiratory

01018

Solanaceae

Solanum incanum L.

**

Mdulele, Mtula

shrub

W

M

fruit, roots

parasites, bites, gastrointestinal

06001

Solanaceae

Solanum melongena L.

*

Ngogwe, Nyanyachungu

herb

C

F

fruit

03010

Solanaceae

Solanum sp.

*

Mnafu

herb

C

F

leaves

02023

Sterculiaceae

Theobroma cacao L.

*

Cacao

tree

C

F

fruit, seeds

05026

Verbenaceae

Duranta erecta L.

*

Msekela

shrub

C

O

leaves, roots

ritual