An ethnopharmacological evaluation of Navapind and Shahpur Virkanin district Sheikupura, Pakistan for their herbal medicines

Zahoor, Maria; Yousaf, Zubaida; Aqsa, Tahreem; Haroon, Manahil; Saleh, Nadia; Aftab, Arusa; Javed, Sadia; Qadeer, Mouzma; Ramazan, Habiba

doi:10.1186/s13002-017-0151-1

Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine

Table 3 Ethnobotanical uses of plants in NavaPind and Shahpur Virkan, Sheikhupura (Punjab), Pakistan

From: An ethnopharmacological evaluation of Navapind and Shahpur Virkanin district Sheikupura, Pakistan for their herbal medicines

Sr. no.	Family	Local name	Life form	Habitat	Part used	Methods of preparation	Diseases treated	Toxicity	FL %	UV	RFC	R.I
1.	Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.) Wall. ex Nees LCWU-15-01. Acanthaceae	Jungle charaita	Herb	Wild	Flowers/leaves	Extract	Cough, influenza, diarrhea, blood purifier	Non toxic	32.19	0.015	0.66	50.8
2.	Amaranthus spinosus L. LCWU-15-02 Amaranthaceae	kurand	Herb	Wild	Branches stem/leaves	Extract	Diarrhea, antidote, fever, fodder	No toxic	41.60	0.026	0.765	3.7
3.	Amaranthus viridis L. LCWU-15-03 Amaranthaceae	Chulai	Herb	Wild/cultivated	Leaves	Extract, decoction, paste	Constipation, skin tonic, antidote, diuretic, cooking	Non toxic	51.84	0.02	0.92	25.5
4.	Chenopodium album L. LCWU-15-04 Chenopodiaceae	Bathu	Herb	Wild/cultivated	Leaves/stem (whole plant)	Extract, decoction	Laxative, diuretic, cough, cooking	Non toxic	36.30	0.01	0.95	14.6
5.	Chenopodium murale L. LCWU-15-05 Chenopodiaceae	Jasag	Herb	Wild/cultivated	Whole plant	Extract, decoction	Laxative, cooking, Fodder, dye	Non toxic	27.77	0.02	0.94	5.9
6.	Achyranthes aspera (L.) Hill LCWU-15-06 Amaranthacea	Puth kanda	Herb	Wild/cultivated	Leaves	Decoction, extract, fresh	Cough, laxative, stomach complains, fodder, fuel	Toxic	12.35	0.02	0.68	7.5
7.	Coriandrum sativum L. LCWU-15-07 Apiaceae	Dhaniya	Herb	Wild/cultivated	Whole plant	Oil, extract	Joint pain, stomach complaints, cooking	Non toxic	14.55	0.005	0.91	29.7
8.	Calotropis procera R. Br. LCWU-15-08 Asclepiadaceae	Aak	Shrub	Wild	Leaves/sap milk	Latex, extract, decoction	Asthma, skin tonic, fever, fodder	Toxic	24.48	0.03	0.81	38
9.	Artemisia scoparia Waldst. & Kitt. LCWU-15-0902 Asteraceae	Char/Krund	Herb	Wild	Leaves/(Whole plant)	Oil, extract	Diuretic, stomach complains, fodder	Non toxic	8.09	0.013	0.77	7.3
10.	Carthamus ticntorius L. LCWU-15-10 Asteraceae	Jungle poli	Herbaceous	Wild	Whole plant	Extract	Laxative, wound healing, fodder	Toxic	3.09	0.0062	0.795	9.26
11.	Conyza bonariensis L. LCWU-15-1102 Asteraceae	Aflatoon/jungle boti	Herbaceous	Wild	Whole plant	Extract, oil	Asthma, diarrhea, ulcer, fodder	Toxic/Non toxic	37.33	0.014	0.635	8.83
12.	Conyza erigeron L. LCWU-15-1202 Asteraceae	Jungle kurand/jungle boti	Weed	Wild	Whole plant	Decoction	Stomach disorder, cold and cough, fever, fodder	Non toxic	9.905	0.013	0.81	8.83
13.	Eclipta alba (L.) Hassk. LCWU-15-13 Asteraceae	Jungle booti	Herb	Wild	Whole plant	Paste, extract	Liver tonic, hair tonic, antidote of scorpio, fodder	Non toxic	2.59	0.0075	0.665	5.87
14.	Parthenium hysterophorus L. LCWU-15-14 Asteraceae	Shah-tara/boti	Herbaceous	Wild	Whole plant/leaves	Extract	blood purifier, back pain, fodder, Decoration	Toxic	56.29	0.02	0.96	20.8
15.	Silybum marianum L. LCWU-15-1501 Asteraceae	Poli/boti	Herbaceous	Wild	Whole plant	Decoction, infusion	Anticancer, liver tonic, wound healing, fodder	Toxic	27.52	0.02	1.39	29.82
16.	Sonchus arvensis L. LCWU-15-1601 Asteraceae	Dodak	Herbaceous	Wild	Leaves/flower	Extract	Anti-kidney stone, asthma, cough, fodder	Toxic	13.74	0.012	0.87	13
17.	Xanthium strumarium L. LCWU-15-17 Asteraceae	Jungle booti	Herb	Wild	Leaves	Extract	Fever, mother postnatal care, fodder	Toxic	2.61	0.0074	0.67	4.28
18.	Brassica compestris L. LCWU-15-18 Brassicaceae	Sarson	Herb	Wild/cultivated	Leaves/flower	Extract, paste	Skin tonic, hair tonic, anti-cancerous	Non toxic	41.73	0.0075	0.7975	4.76
19.	Brassica nigra L. LCWU-15-19 Brassicaceae	Jungle sarson	Herbaceous	Wild	Whole plant	Extract, decoction	Diuretic, respiratory problems, fodder	Toxic if in excess	2.73	0.0081	0.61	20.45
20.	Capsella bursapastoris L. LCWU-15-20 Brassicaceae	Mirch boti	Herb	Wild	Whole plant	Decoction, infusion	Internal and external bleeding, diarrhea, fodder	Toxic	17.74	0.02	0.77	17.2
21.	Coronopus didymus (L.)Sm. LCWU-15-2003 Brassicaceae	Jungli pudina/jungle boti	Herb	Wild	Stem/leaves (whole plant)	Extract	Asthma, Blood purifier	Non toxic	13.96	0.015	0.7525	7.05
22.	Sisymbrium irio L. LCWU-15-96 Brassicaceae	Boti	Herb	Wild	Whole plant	Extract, powder	Asthma, fodder,	Non toxic	24.13	0.01	0.96	13
23.	Cannabis sativa L. LCWU-15-22 Cannabiaceae	Bhang	Herbaceous	Wild	Leaves	Extract, paste	Stomach complaints, Relaxant, Severe pains repellent	Toxic	42.31	0.021	0.945	3.7
24.	Convolvulus arvensis L. LCWU-15-23 Convolvulaceae	Lilly	Herbaceous	Wild	Leaves	Extract	Fodder, animal fever	Toxic	34.18	0.02	0.81	17.6
25.	Cuscuta reflexa Roxb. LCWU-15-24 Convolvulaceae	Amar-bail	Climber	Wild	Stem	Extract	Wound healing, Hair tonic	Toxic	20.42	0.0186	0.805	10.8
26.	Poranopsis paniculata (Roxb.)Roberty LCWU-15-25 Convolvulaceae	Gulu	Herb	Wild	Whole plant	Extract,	Decoration, stomach pain, diarrhea, wound healing	Toxic to animals	27.65	0.007	0.69	29.57
27.	Cucurbita pepo L. LCWU-15-2601 Cucurbitaceae	Chibbar booti	Vine	Wild/cultivated	Leaves/flower/fruit/whole plant	Extract	Skin tonic, cardiac problem, stomach disorder, Cooking,	Toxic/Non toxic	20.75	0.025	0.60	33.83
28.	Schoenoplectus supinus (L.)Pall. LCWU-15-27 Cyperaceae	Dala	Herb	Wild	Flower/leaves	–	Fodder, animal cough	Non toxic	2.70	0.0071	0.695
29.	Euphorbia helioscopia L. LCWU-15-28 Euphorbiaceae	Dhdtar boti	Herbaceous	Wild	Leaves/sap/seeds	Extract, decoction	Anticancerous, cholera	Toxic in excess	54.68	0.0136	0.695	50.8
30.	Euphorbia hirta L. LCWU-15-29 Euphorbiaceae	Boti	Herb	Wild	Whole plant	–	Fodder	Toxic	2.64	0.01	0.98
31.	Euphorbia thymifolia L. LCWU-15-30 Euphorbiaceae	It-sit	Herb	Wild	Whole plant	–	Fodder	Toxic	2.55	0.0152	0.655
32.	Ricinus communis L. LCWU-15-3101 Euphorbiaceae	Rind/Rnola	Herbaceous	Wild/cultivated	Leaves/seeds/whole plant	Extract	Wound healing, fuel, hair tonic	Seed are toxic	15.53	0.012	0.65	8.83
33.	Sapium sebiferum L. LCWU-15-32 Fabaceae	Jungli Tahli	Tree	Wild	Leaves/wood	Decoction	Antidote, diuretic, Fodder, fuel, furniture	Toxic/non toxic	9.94	0.01	0.85
34.	Acacia nilotica (Linn.) Delile. LCWU-15-93 Fabaceae	Jawa	Herbaceous	Wild	Leaves	–	Fodder	Non toxic	1.81	0.007	0.68
35.	Acacia arabica Willd. LCWU-15-3301 Fabaceae	Desi kikkar	Tree	Wild	Bark	Decoction	Diarrhea, Skin tonic, roofing, fuel, fodder	Non toxic	19.35	0.015	0.635	20.8
36.	Acacia farnesiana L. LCWU-15-34 Fabaceae	Kabli kikar	Tree	Wild	Wood/flower/leaves	Extract	Diarrhea, scent, fuel, furniture,	Non toxic	16.48	0.04	0.65	9
37.	Albizia lebbeck (L.) Benth. LCWU-15-3501 Fabaceae	Shireen	Tree	Wild	Leaves/seed/wood	Extract	Fuel, wound healing, Cough, burning, postnatal care	Non toxic	33.22	0.02	0.66	11.15
38.	Cassia angustifolia L. LCWU-15-3602 Fabaceae	Sukh chain	Tree	Wild	Branches/pods/seeds	Extract	Purgative, hair tonic, teeth tonic	Toxic/Non toxic	64.33	0.02	0.87	13
39.	Cassia fistula L. LCWU-15-37 Fabaceae	Amaltas	Tree	Wild	Leaves/ legumes	Infusion, extract	Laxative, fodder, cough, stomach pain	Toxic in excess	21.39	0.02	0.77	7.83
40.	Cassia occidentalis L. LCWU-15-38 Fabaceae	Boti	Herb	Wild	Wood/leaves	Extract	Stomach disorder, laxative, fuel, roofing, bitter taste	Toxic	19.45	0.04	0.72	8.83
41.	Dalbergia sissoo Roxb. ex DC. LCWU-15-3901 Fabaceae	Tali	Tree	Wild	Wood/leaves	Extract	Wound healing, hair tonic, fodder, fuel, furniture	Toxic/non toxic	34.64	0.025	0.91	8.83
42.	Indigofera linifolia (L.f) Retz. LCWU-15-40 Fabaceae	Gorakh pan/jungle boti	Herbaceous	Wild	Whole plant	Extract	Stomach complaints, blood purifier, liver problems, fodder, obtain dye	Toxic to some extent	55.13	0.02	0.722	75.8
43.	Lathyrus aphaca L. LCWU-15-41 Fabaceae	Jungli matter/gangla	Herbaceous	Wild	Leaves	–	Fodder	Toxic/non toxic	3.52	0.0055	0.905
44.	Melilotus indica L. LCWU-15-4202 Fabaceae	Jungle meeni or meena/Jungli shatala	Herbaceous	Wild	Leaves/whole plant	Extract	Laxative, diarrhea, cooking, fodder, bitter taste, skin tonic	Toxic to some extent	18.17	0.02	0.78	8.58
45.	Mimosa pudica L. LCWU-15-94 Fabaceae	Chijan	Herb	Wild	Leaves	Extract	Antidote, wound healing, diarrhea, fuel, fodder	Toxic in excess	4.44	0.01	0.68
46.	Tamarindus indica L. LCWU-15-4301 Fabaceae	Imli/khatti imli	Tree	Wild	Branchesstem/leaves/fruit/whole plant	Extract	Malaria, fever, bitter taste, Laxative, burning	Non toxic	39.61	0.03	0.83	27.1
47.	Vicia faba L. LCWU-15-4402 Fabaceae	Jungli cheraal/Phalya/Arari	Herbaceous	Wild	Legumes/leaves	Extract	Diuretic, fodder, food, soap	Non toxic	43.04	0.02	0.86	25.8
48.	Ocimum basilicum L. LCWU-15-45 Lamiaceae	Niazbo	Herb	Wild	Leaves	Extract	Scent, flavoring, cough, headache, diarrhea	Non toxic	37.96	0.0176	0.85
49.	Ocimum sanctum L. LCWU-15-4601 Lamiaceae	Jungle booti	Herbaceous	Wild	Leaves/whole plant	Powder, extract, oil	Appetizer, mosquito repellent, fodder, fever, cough	Toxic/non toxic	11.50	0.008	0.798	14.7
50.	Allium roylei Strearn. LCWU-15-47 Liliaceae	Bola ganda	Herbaceous	Wild	Leaves	Oil, extract	Cholera, curative, flavoring	Non toxic	62.03	0.0163	0.915	25.8
51.	Aloe vera (L.) Burm. f. LCWU-15-48 Asphodelaceae	Kwal qandal	Succulent plant	Wild	Leaves	Oil, extract	Skin tonic, cough, hair tonic, fever	Non toxic	18.80	0.03	0.70	30.5
52.	Lawsonia Inermis L. LCWU-15-49 Lythraceae	Mehndi	Shrub	Wild	Leaves/roots	Paste, extract	Wound healing, hair tonic	Non toxic	28.04	0.0213	0.935	10.8
53.	Malva verticillata L. LCWU-15-50 Malvaceae	Booti	Herb	Wild	Whole plant	Paste	Fodder, animal ulcer	Non toxic	2.51	0.07	0.645
54.	Malva indica LCWU-15-51 Malvaceae	Sonchal booti/jungle boti	Herbaceous	Wild	Whole plant	Decoction, extract	Cough, cooking, fodder	Toxic in excess	11.26	0.011	0.628	7.04
55.	Malvastrum coromandelianum L. LCWU-15-52 Malvaceae	Boti	Herbaceous	Wild	Whole plant	Extract	Fodder, wound healing	Toxic	16.06	0.02	0.60	8.83
56.	Azadirachta indica A. Juss LCWU-15-53 Meliaceae	Neem	Tree	Wild	Leaves/wood	Extract, oil	Fodder, skin tonic, fuel	Toxic to some extend	20.62	0.03	0.79	10.5
57.	Melia azadirachta L. LCWU-15-5402 Meliaceae	Bakain/dhareek	Tree	Wild	Leaves/wood/seed	Extract	Wound healing, cough, fuel, furniture, fodder	Seeds are toxic	22.04	0.03	0.94	9.22
58.	Ficus sarmentosa Bush: Ham. Ex J.E. Smith LCWU-15-95 Moraceae	Walaiti bohr	Tree	Wild	Wood/leaves	Decoction	Fuel, fodder	Toxic	6.89	0.01	0.85
59.	Ficus benghalensis L. LCWU-15-5501 Moraceae	Borh/desi borh	Tree	Wild	Leaves/sap milk/fruit/wood	Decoction, extract	Influenza, diarrhea, fuel, decoction	Toxic to some extend	40.06	0.03	0.85	29.82
60.	Ficus religiosa L. LCWU-15-56 Moraceae	Peepal	Tree	Wild	Wood/leaves/bark	Decoction, extract	Asthma, diarrhea fuel, fodder, ulcer, molar pain, cardiac problem	Toxic in excess	28.33	0.03	0.902	19.4
61.	Morus alba L. LCWU-15-5701 Moraceae	Shehtoot/Toot	Tree	Wild/cultivated	Wood/fruit/branches/leaves	Extract	Cough, fodder, respiratory disorders	Sap is toxic	13.58	0.02	0.98	7.64
62.	Eucalyptus globulus Labill. LCWU-15-58 Myrtaceae	Sufaida	Tree	Wild	Leaves/wood/oil	Extract, infusion	Influenza, skin tonic, Fuel, furniture, stomach disorder	Toxic in excess	31.32	0.02	0.83	17.32
63.	Syzygium cumini L. LCWU-15-59 Myrtaceae	Jaman	Tree	Wild	Fruit/wood/leaves	Extract	Heart problem, diarrhea Fruit, fuel, fodder,	Non toxic	24.76	0.03	0.98	25.5
64.	Jasminum nudiflorum Lindl. LCWU-15-6002 Oleaceae	Chasko	Shrub	Wild	Leaves/flower/fruit	Extract	Vegetable, stomach pain, Cooking,	Toxic	9.71	0.03	0.59
65.	Oxalis corniculata L. LCWU-15-6101 Oxalidaceae	Khatmal booti/jungle boti	Herb	Wild	Whole plant	Extract	Antidote, stomach disorder, cooking, fodder	Toxic	38.35	0.012	0.773	8.83
66.	Fumaria indica Linn. LCWU-15-6202 Papaveraceae	Soye/Papra	Herb	Wild	Branches/stem/leaves/whole plant	Extract	Laxative, fodder	Non toxic	11.04	0.01	0.83	3.7
67.	Acrachne racemosa (Roem&schult) LCWU-15-63 Poaceae	Jungle ghaas	Grass	Wild	Whole plant	Decoction	Fodder	Toxic on skin	3.17	0.0061	0.815
68.	Asthenatherum forkalii (Vahl)Nexski. LCWU-15-64 Poaceae	Jungle ghass	Grass	Wild	Whole plant	Extract	Fodder, animal fever	Toxic/non toxic	3.27	0.0059	0.84
69.	Avena sativa L. LCWU-15-65 Poaceae	Jo	Herb	Wild	Staw	Extract	Postnatal care	Toxic to some extend	51.40	0.01	0.945	5.3
70.	Cenchrus setigerus Vahl. LCWU-15-66 Poaceae	Jungli boti	Grass	Wild	Whole plant	Extract	Fodder	Non toxic	2.11	0.006	0.79
71.	Chloris barbata Sw. LCWU-15-67 Poaceae	Jungle boti	Herb	Wild	Whole plant		Fodder, skin disorder	Toxic	22.70	0.01	0.78	10.5
72.	Chloris virgata Sw. LCWU-15-68 Poaceae	Boti	Grass	Wild	Whole plant		Fodder, wound healing, malaria	Toxic	50.09	0.02	0.71	25.5
73.	Chrysopogon aucheri Bioss LCWU-15-69 Poaceae	Goad ghass	Grass	Wild	Whole plant		Fodder, fuel	Toxic	5.26	0.01	0.73
74.	Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. LCWU-15-70 Poaceae	Ghaas	Grass	Wild	Whole plant	Extract	Stomach complaint, constipation, antidote for snake and dogs, fodder	Non toxic	50.81	0.02	0.83	3.7
75.	Digitaria ciliaris (Retz.)Koel. LCWU-15-71 Poaceae	Jungle ghass	Grass	Wild	Whole plant		Fodder, animal stomach disorder	Toxic	3.29	0.0059	0.84
76.	Digitaria nodosa Parl. LCWU-15-72 Poaceae	Swank	Grass	Wild	Whole plant	Fresh, dry	Fodder, blood purification	Toxic	3.43	0.011	0.88
77.	Eleusine indica (L.)Gaertn. LCWU-15-73 Poaceae	Jungle ghaas	Grass	Wild	Whole plant	Extract	Fodder	Toxic/non toxic	3.04	0.0064	0.78
78.	Pennisetum divisum (Fosslk.ex.J.F.Gmel) LCWU-15-74 Poaceae	Jungle ghaas	Grass	Wild	Whole plant	Extract	Fodder	Non toxic	3.39	0.0057	0.87
79.	Phragmites karka (Retz.) Trin. Ex Steud. LCWU-15-75 Poaceae	Nur	Grass	Wild	Wood/stem	Extract	Cardiac problem, fuel	Toxic/non toxic	23.80	0.01	0.62	13
80.	Saccharum bengalensis L. LCWU-15-76 Poaceae	Kana	Grass	Wild	Wood	Paste, extract	Animal disease roofing, fuel, pre/post natal care	Toxic	35.46	0.02	0.84	17.16
81.	Tetrapogon tenellus (Roxb.)Chiov. LCWU-15-77 Poaceae	Dumbi seeti	Grass	Wild	Whole plant	Extract	Fodder, cough	Toxic	3.64	0.0053	0.935
82.	Triticum aestivum L. LCWU-15-78 Poaceae	Joi	Grass	Wild	Whole plant	Extract	Fodder, anticancerous, gastrointestinal disease	Toxic/non toxic	3.19	0.01	0.985	8.9
83.	Rumex chalepensis Mill. LCWU-15-79 Polygonaceae	Boti	Herbaceous	Wild	Whole plant	Extract	Fodder	Toxic	2.05	0.01	0.76
84.	Anagallis arvensis L. LCWU-15-8001 Primulaceae	Jungli golo/Matri	Herbaceous	Wild	Leaves/wood (whole plant)	Extract	Fodder, skin tonic, Diuretic, hair tonic	Toxic/non toxic	31.44	0.02	0.855	18.15
85.	Ranunculus muricatus L. LCWU-15-8101 Ranunculaceae	Jungli dhaniya/boti	Herbaceous	Wild	Leaves/whole plant	Crude extract	Fodder, fever, asthma, Fodder	Toxic	14.5	0.01	0.738	25.5
86.	Ranunculus repens L. LCWU-15-82 Ranunculaceae	Jungle jugnoo	Herbaceous	Wild	Leaves/flower	Extract	Fodder	Toxic	2.47	0.007	0.635
87.	Zizyphus jujuba (L.)Lam. LCWU-15-8301 Rhamnaceae	Ber	Tree	Wild	Leaves/gum/fruit/wood/leaves	Extract, oil	Fruit, furniture, digestion, skin tonic, joints pain, hair tonic, backache, burning	Toxic/non toxic	51.75	0.03	0.97	30.65
88.	Murraya koenigii L. LCWU-15-84 Rutaceae	Marva	Tree	Wild	Branches/stem/leaves	Extract	Stomach diseases, wound healing, vomiting, scent, decoration	Toxic/non toxic	34.86	0.017	0.87	14.5
89.	Salix lanata L. LCWU-15-85 Salicaceae	Boti	Shrub	Wild	Whole plant	Extract	Fever, reduce internal pain, fodder, bitter taste	Toxic	14.93	0.02	0.57	26.98
90.	Verbascum thapsus L. LCWU-15-86 Scrophulariaceae	Geedar tabbaco	Herb	Wild	Seeds	Extract, infusion	Male disease, internal bleeding	Toxic to some extent	42.17	0.008	0.62	25.8
91.	Lycium barbarum L. LCWU-15-87 Solanaceae	Kashni	Herbaceous	Wild	Leaves	Extract	Anticancerous, asthma, scent, fodder	Non toxic	55.71	0.022	0.895	33.8
92.	Solanum americanum Mill. LCWU-15-88 Solanaceae	Peelak	Herb	Wild	Leaves/stem	Extract	Joints pain, cooking, scent, vegetable, fodder	Toxic in excess	66.14	0.03	0.85	10.8
93.	Withania somnifera L. LCWU-15-89 Solanaceae	Aak-Singh	Herbaceous	Wild	Leaves/flower/fruit	Extract	Lung disorder, animal disease, asthma, male disease	Toxic in excess	44.09	0.0085	0.79	42.32
94.	Urtica dioca L. LCWU-15-90 Urticaceae	Kharish booti	Herbaceous	Wild	Stem/leaves	Extract	Joints pain, cold and flu, liver disease	Toxic in excess	16.33	0.010	0.945	10.8
95.	Lantana camara L. LCWU-15-9101 Verbenaceae	Cingii	Shrub	Wild	Leaves	Extract	Fodder, snake bite, cold and flu	Toxic	48.16	0.02	0.70	50.5
96.	Phyla nodiflora L. LCWU-15-92 Verbenaceae	Bakan	Herb	Wild	Branches/stem/leaves	Extract, decoction	Fodder	Toxic	2.08	0.018	0.535

FL Fidelity Level, RFC Relative Frequency of Citation, UV Use Value, RI Relative Importance
Bold Uses/Ailment treated = Main use of plant on which FL (%) is based

Back to article page

ISSN: 1746-4269

Contact us

General enquiries: journalsubmissions@springernature.com