Table 1 Therapeutic uses of dogs (Canis lupus familiaris) and their body parts or derivative products in contemporary Spanish ethnomedicine

Whole animal

I

Pulmonary tuberculosis (•)

Cooked (IN)

EMP-CUR

Alto Aragón (Huesca)

[42]

Slit open from one end to the other (EX)

MAG-CUR

San Sebastián (Guipúzcoa) and Extremadura

[43,44,45]

I

Tuberculous meningitis (•)

Cooked (IN)

EMP-CUR

San Sebastián (Guipúzcoa)

[43, 46]

I

Whooping cough

Without prepraration (TR)

MAG-CUR

Extremadura

[45]

I

Warts

Without prepraration (TR)

MAG-CUR

Extremadura

[56]

I

Tertian and quartan fever

Without prepraration (TR)

MAG-CUR

Guijo de Granadilla (Cáceres), Fuenteliante (Salamanca) and Reus (Tarragona)

[57,58,59]

III

Anaemia (•)

Cooked (IN)

EMP-CUR

Doñana (Andalusia)

[62]

IV

Rickets (•)

Cooked (IN)

EMP-CUR

Asturias and provinces of Tarragona, Badajoz and Murcia

[57, 59, 63,64,65,66]

X

Pneumonia (•)

Slit open from one end to the other (EX)

MAG-CUR

San Sebastián (Guipúzcoa)

[43, 44]

X

Asthma (•)

Cooked (IN)

EMP-CUR

Fuerteventura (Canary Islands)

[69]

XI

Stomatitis

Without prepraration (TR)

MAG-CUR

Asturias

[64, 65, 70,71,72]

XI

Hernias in children (umbilical and inguinal)

Without prepraration (TR)

MAG-CUR

Aldeanueva del Camino (Cáceres)

[73]

XII

Hangnails

Without prepraration (TR)

MAG-CUR

San Vicente de Alcántara (Badajoz)

[56]

XII

Painful spots in breastfeds (•)

Cooked (IN)

EMP-CUR

Madroñera (Cáceres)

[76]

XV

To obtain the correct shape of the nipples (•)

Without prepraration (EX)

EMP-PRE

Doñana (Andalusia) and the Basque Country

[44, 46, 62, 78]

XV

Mastitis (•)

Without prepraration (EX)

EMP-CUR

Province of Soria and Extremadura

[40, 74, 80]

XV

Milk stasis (•)

Without prepraration (EX)

EMP-CUR

Provinces of Navarra, Segovia and Soria, Treviño (Burgos), Cerdanya (Catalonia), La Alcarria (Guadalajara) and the Basque Country

[44, 74, 81,82,83,84,85]

XV

Excess of milk (•)

Without prepraration (EX)

EMP-CUR

Basque Country and Navarra

[44, 78, 86, 87]

XVIII

Jaundice

Without prepraration (TR)

MAG-CUR

Provinces of Alicante, Valencia and Murcia

[66, 88]

XIX

Infected wounds (•)

Fried in olive oil (EX)

EMP-CUR

Ubierna (Burgos)

[89]

Saliva

I

Warts

Without prepraration (EX)

EMP-CUR

Lanzarote (Canary Islands)

[52]

IX

Haemorrhoids

Without prepraration (EX)

EMP-CUR

Valencia del Ventoso (Badajoz)

[68]

XII

Chapped lips

Without prepraration (EX)

EMP-CUR

Holguera (Cáceres), Zafra and Peloche (Badajoz)

[51]

XII

Urticaria

Without prepraration (EX)

EMP-CUR

Santa Cruz de Paniagua, El Bronco and Palomero (Cáceres)

[75]

XV

Fissures, sores and excoriations on the breasts

Without prepraration (EX)

EMP-CUR

Moraleja and Casas de Don Gómez (Cáceres)

[79]

XIX

Superficial wounds (and cuts and sores)

Without prepraration (EX)

EMP-CUR

Provinces of Navarra, Salamanca and Soria, and Extremadura and the Basque Country

[41, 44, 57, 60, 68, 74, 79, 80]

XIX

Chilblains

Without prepraration (EX)

EMP-CUR

Aldeanueva de Figueroa (Salamanca)

[41]

XX

Insect bites and stings

Without prepraration (EX)

EMP-CUR

Morasverdes (Salamanca)

[41]

XX

Viper bites

Without prepraration (EX)

EMP-CUR

Guijuelo (Salamanca)

[41]

XX

Dog bites

Without prepraration (EX)

EMP-CUR

Telleriarte (Guipúzcoa)

[44]

Faeces

I

Diphtheria

Poultice (EX)

EMP-CUR

Ripollés (Catalonia)

[48]

IV

Malnutrition

Boiled (IN)

EMP-CUR

Sierra de Segura (Albacete)

[53, 54]

X

Colds

Tisane with different components (IN)

EMP-CUR

Sierra de Segura (Albacete)

[53, 54]

X

Sore throat

Without prepraration (EX)

EMP-CUR

Ripollés (Catalonia)

[48]

X

Pneumonia

Poultice (EX)

EMP-CUR

Ripollés (Catalonia)

[48]

XI

Diarrhoea

Boiled (IN)

EMP-CUR

Bretún (Soria)

[74]

XV

Weaning

Without prepraration (EX)

EMP-CUR

Basque Country

[86]

XVIII

Epistaxis

Without prepraration (EX)

EMP-CUR

Arcos de Jalón (Soria)

[74]

XX

Spider bites

Powdered (IN)

EMP-CUR

Canary Islands

[52]

Milk

I

Whooping cough

Boiled (IN)

EMP-CUR

Provinces of Cáceres and Salamanca

[41, 49, 50]

IV

Rickets

Boiled (IN)

EMP-CUR

Provinces of Cáceres and Salamanca

[41, 49, 63]

V

Alcoholism

Boiled (IN)

EMP-CUR

Alburquerque (Badajoz)

[57]

VIII

Earache in children

Without prepraration (EX)

EMP-CUR

Líjar (Almería)

[67]

X

Bronchitis

Boiled (IN)

EMP-CUR

Valencia de Alcántara (Cáceres)

[50]

X

Colds

Boiled (IN)

EMP-CUR

Valencia de Alcántara (Cáceres)

[50]

XV

Low milk supply

Boiled (IN)

EMP-CUR

Torrejoncillo (Cáceres)

[76]

Skin

II

Skin cancer

Burnt, ashes (EX)

EMP-CUR

Fuentes de León (Badajoz)

[51]

VII

Cataracts

Without prepraration (EX)

MAG-CUR

Dehesa de Coquilla (Salamanca)

[58]

XIII

Sciatica

Tanned by hand (EX)

MAG-CUR

Mountains of Álava province

[46, 77]

XIII

Nocturnal leg cramps

Tanned by hand (EX)

MAG-PRE

Provinces of Álava and Navarra

[44, 60]

Fur

I

Rabies

Without prepraration (EX)

MAG-PRE

Oliva de la Frontera (Badajoz)

[51]

Burnt, ashes (EX)

MAG-PRE

Canary Islands

[52]

Fried in olive oil (EX)

EMP-PRE

Castile-La Mancha

[53, 54]

XX

Dog bites

Fried in olive oil (EX)

EMP-CUR

Galicia, the Basque Country and Andalusia

[43, 44, 46, 77, 90,91,92,93]

Meat

II

Cancer (•)

Cooked (IN)

EMP-CUR

Abadiano (Vizcaya)

[44]

V

Tantrum (without breathing, very red) (•)

Fried (IN)

EMP-CUR

Galisteo (Cáceres)

[58]

VI

Hemiplegia (•)

Cooked (IN)

EMP-CUR

Villarino de los Aires (Salamanca)

[41]

Head

II

Skin cancer

Burnt, ashes (EX)

EMP-CUR

Galicia

[61]

Teeth

XI

Teething

Without prepraration (EX)

MAG-PRE

Province of Salamanca

[38, 41]

Claws

I

Rabies

Without prepraration (EX)

MAG-PRE

Province of Badajoz and Galicia

[51, 55]

Testicles

I

Diphtheria

Without prepraration (TR)

MAG-CUR

Extremadura

[47]

Sperm

I

Warts

Without prepraration (EX)

EMP-CUR

San Vicente de Alcántara (Badajoz)

[56]

Blood

XX

Dog bites

Without prepraration (EX)

EMP-CUR

Canary Islands

[52]