Table 6 Meaningful consultant’s commentaries about the use, abundance, and their motives to manage plants

Ceremonial

Bbif

Bursera biflora (Rose) Standl.

Trees are abundant, but copal could becomes scarce.

Care should be taken to not damage the tree, to tree continue producing the copal.

Only the one produced naturally, by the worm [butterfly larvae] in hot terrain is good for burning.

Not [transplant or cultivation] because the tree would not survive or produce copal here in the village.

I have a little tree that I take out of the forest for the luxury of my house and I hope that someday it will produce copal, although maybe it would not be enough or good. I plant a stick, there in the mountain where I go to collect the “copal”, I did to see if it [roots].

Ceremonial

Blon

Bouvardia longiflora (Cav.) Kunth

Now it is almost no longer used, there are other flowers [flowers of introduced species].

Ceremonial

Bstr

Beaucarnea stricta Lem.

The gathering is dangerous, the plant is in very difficult places to walk.

Care must be taken to not injure the tree, the [apical meristem], so that the plant continues to produce, sometimes the tree is damaged, but that should not be done.

Ceremonial

Calb

Chiococca alba (L.) Hitchc.

Before it was used [to offer it] in the church, but now no longer because they criticize, only is placed on the altars of the houses.

I really like its flowers, its scent, I put it on my altar.

Once I brought a little tree to the house but It do not survive.

Out of curiosity I try to [cultivate], but it does not [germinate].

Ceremonial

Dser

Dasylirion serratifolium (Karw. ex Schult. & Schult.f.) Zucc.

It should leave part of the trunk, if there is good rain it can sprout.

It has not occurred to us to bring the plant to the village, “it is natural” [it occurs naturally in the field], we always have found it to make the adornments.

Ceremonial

Dspp

Dahlia apiculata (Sherff) P.D.Sorensen; Dahlia coccinea Cav.

I like to have them in the house, for luxury [ornamental use] and put the flowers on the altar.

Ceremonial

Ekar

Euchile karwinskii (Mart.) Christenson

It must remain [peudobulbs] to have it for another time, they are the ornament of the trees [in the forest].

After the flower dries, the (pseudobulb] is placed in some tree in the house, and so it is going to have for luxury [ornamental use] and have flowers to adornment the altar.

When I am gathering firewood and I cut a branch that have “monjitas” [orchids], sometimes I transplant it in other branch and sometimes I bring it to the house.

Ceremonial

Erad

Epidendrum radioferens (Ames, F.T.Hubb. & C.Schweinf.) Hágsater

It must remain [peudobulbs] to have it for another time.

They are the ornament of the trees [in the forest].

After the flower dries, is placed in some tree in the house, and so it is going to have for luxury [ornamental use] and have flowers to adornment the altar, however it is difficult, it is a delicate plant.

Ceremonial

Lalb

Laelia albida Bateman ex Lindl.

I take care it [cultivation] to have flowers for the altar in Todos Santos [celebration] and for the luxury of my home.

Ceremonial

Ldas

Lamourouxia dasyantha (Cham. & Schltdl.) W.R.Ernst

There is much when rain is good, but when it is not given, I use whatever available flower.

Ceremonial

Lgla

Litsea glaucescens Kunth

There is a lot in the forest, there is always when it is needed and the tree will regrow if you do not hurt it.

I have not had the curiosity [transplanting] and the need because there is [enough], and there is also little terrain to have it maybe it will dry.

Out of curiosity, I put some seeds but they did not germinate.

Ceremonial

Lmes

Lindleya mespiloides Kunth

There is a lot in the forest, but sometimes there are no flowers due to the drought.

Ceremonial

Mdep

Meteorium deppei (Hornsch. ex Müll. Hal.) Mitt.

After the celebration, I put it in my yard for luxury, but it dried.

Ceremonial

Octa

“Octavillo”

I have always found when I am going to collect, but sometimes, in order to not go up to the mountain, I better buy others [other plants in regional markets].

I think it would not survive [transplanting, cultivation], is a delicate plant and its environment is very different, more template.

Ceremonial

Prub

Plumeria rubra L.

I have not tried [propagation], I have not had the curiosity, I like it a lot but I do not try to have it, but there are people that have it.

I plant a stick to have the tree here in the house, but it rotted, maybe I try again later.

Ceremonial

Rmac

Rhynchostele maculate (Lex.) Soto Arenas & Salazar

It must remain [peudobulbs] to have it for another time.

They are the ornament of the trees [in the forest].

After the flower dries, the [pseudobulb] is placed in some tree in the house, and so it is going to have for luxury [ornamental use] and have flowers to adornment the altar.

It is difficult take care of it because it is delicate, but it is a pride to have it.

Ceremonial

Spur

Salvia purpurea Cav.

Used more before. There is much when rain is good, but when it is not given, I use whatever available flower, now there are other flowers [introduced that are grown or bought in local stores].

Once I take one from the mountain, to have the flowers for my altar and luxury of the house, but it dried and I have not tried again.

Ceremonial

Tgra

Tillandsia grandis Schltdl.

There has always been when it is needed.

Once I brought some small plants [transplanting] but dried, is very delicate, needs its natural environment.

Ceremonial

Tluc

Tagetes lucida Cav.

There is much when rain is good, but when it is not given, I use whatever available flower.

Ceremonial

Tusn

Tillandsia usneoides (L.) L.

I have this plant, I bring it from the mountain and from the adornment of holidays, it is for decoration of my trees and also to feed the cattle when there is nothing, to clean the frets, for what is could needed here I got it near, in my house.

Edible

Acris

Anoda cristata (L.) Schltdl.

Before the people collected it, they gathered.

Now it is scarce and people say that who eats it does not have money to buy food.

Edible

Ahyb

Amaranthus hybridus L.

It is very tasty, it is important to eat it, but it is left to the time and the rain, there has been no need to cultivate it, it is only left on the edge of the cropland to produce seed.

There are different colors but if it is “tierno” [shoots] taste does not change, but others prefer the green.

When there are a lot and is “sazón” [mature] it could damage the other plants so it is plucked.

Edible

Aker

Agave kerchovei Lem.

People say that when someone eats “cacayas” [floral buttons] it’s because they do not have money for food, but we like it.

Only is gathered, it is close, it is not necessary to propagate it.

Edible

Apot

Agave potatorum Zucc.

This “cacaya” was eaten a lot, was eaten boiled with sauce when there was nothing else or when corn was scarce it was mixed with the nixtamal [boiled corn] to raise it to make the tortillas.

When we cooked maguey with coyule [Oxalis spp.] we gave to friends and relatives and other part is for sell it.

Now people have it in their fields for mescal, but it was getting scarce, now they are sowing it [mescal producers and external institutions].

Its leaf and thorns vary in shape and color, its size is different, ones gives more mescal, although we like it to be large we cut everything.

When we collect seed for [cultivate] it, we go to sites where we know the maguey is big and produce more mescal, others only get the first [capsules with seeds] available.

Edible

Bdul

Brahea dulcis (Kunth) Mart.

When a field is opened [for agriculture], the palm is left, it is our sustenance, the hat.

I do not wave the hat but my neighbors do it, is the sustenance of the town, it is the motive because I left it in my terrain [tolerance].

Edible

Cber

Chenopodium berlandieri Moq.

Abundance: Before there was more because they no longer work the land as the older.

On the edge of the land some are left (tolerated) to produce seeds and there are for the next year.

Edible

Crme

Crataegus mexicana Moc. & Sess‚ ex DC

Before there were more, now no one cares for them, the animals eat [cattle].

There are with large and small fruit, with sweet and sour taste.

I tried to [propagates] but it does not [germinate].

Edible

Damb

Dysphania ambrosioides (L.) Mosyakin & Clemants

Sometimes my neighbor and my aunt ask me for some of it and as I have, I give them a little.

I saw a little plant that I liked for its large and green leaves and brought it to my house, I take care of it and now I have all the time.

There are green, purple and “criollo” (from the store), the last does not have smell, nor taste.

Edible

Dser

Dasylirion serratifolium (Karw. ex Schult. & Schult.f.) Zucc.

Although the plant is abundant, the “manita” [Floral buttons ] becomes scarce because of the drought, when that happens we were left with the desire to eat it that year.

It has not occurred to me to take the “manita” plant to the village, “it is natural”.

There are green “manitas” that are sweet and purples that are bitter, but at the whim we eat the same two.

Edible

Lgla

Litsea glaucescens Kunth

For food it requires little, a few twigs.

I have not had the curiosity, the need [propagation], I only go to the field and collect it.

Out of curiosity, I put some seeds but they did not germinate.

Edible

Lspp

Lantana camara L.; L. velutina M.Martens & Galeotti

They eat it when they go to the field, but they are not sweet, they are simple.

Edible

Mspp

Mammillaria haageana Pfeiff.; Mammillaria sphacelata Mart.

I brought one to my house for luxury, not to eat the “chilitos” [fruits], I like the way it looks.

Edible

Noff

Nasturtium officinale R.Br.

It is no longer consumed because there is no one who collects it.

When harvested, the root must be left to it could sprout.

Edible

Olas

Opuntia lasiacantha Pfeiff.

As I have many plants I always have, I give it to my family when they ask me and sometimes other people come to ask me, sometimes I give them and others I sell it depending on how much it is.

I brought a “penquita” [cladode] and now all those who fall and take root I care of them because it is the “nopal” that I like, those that come from outside are not good.

There are some more spiny than others and they give “tunas” [fruits] of different color.

Edible

Ospp

Oxalis aff. latifolia Kunth; Oxalis aff. nelsonii (Small) R.Knuth)

I brought this [Oxalis plant] out of curiosity, for luxury of the house [ornamental], when we want make the “conserva” [Traditional dish prepared with Agave potatorum stems and Oxalis leaves] we go to the mountain where it grow big.

Edible

Plin

Porophyllum linaria (Cav.) DC.

Its left on the edge of the cropland to produce seed.

Some people have had the curiosity to cultivate it, they have it all the time, sometimes they give me a little.

I only like the plants that I have inside of the “corralito” [space inside the yard delimited by a fence] or that are in crop lands, it is abundant in roads and the yard but is nasty by the animals.

Edible

Pole

Portulaca oleracea L.

I leave some plants to flower and give seed to have in abundance next year, although when it is a lot it is plucked.

Edible

Pphi

Physalis philadelphica Lam.

Last year was good [good production], it reach to give 6 kilos to my brothers who live outside

It is abundant, but it is because we take care of it. I leave some [fruits] so that the next year can continue, in homegardens is watered, fertilized, so that they can produce [fruits].

There is “milomate” of the maize crop land, “dulce” (sweet) from the wheat cropland and one big that we get in the store, the last one is not so good and to have [manage and cultivate] we choose the miltomate and the sweet, of which it is pretty [big].

Edible

Pqua

Peperomia quadrifolia (L.) Kunth

Now that we are old and we can not go to the mountain, we just eat it when my son-in-law shares us.

There is, but it is retired, in rains it is more [juicy].

The one from Gandudo is more tastier.

Somebody brought to have here, but it dries, here is not their environment.

Edible

Prud

Porophyllum ruderale subsp. macrocephalum (DC.) R.R.Johnson

I have not had the curiosity to sow it, but there are some people who have it in their homes, they take care of it and have to eat all the year.

When it is collected only the tender twigs should be cut so that it continues to sprout.

Medicinal

Amai

Ageratina mairetiana (DC.) R.M.King & H.Rob.

Only the twigs are cut, the rest is left and thus sprouts.

Only the twigs are cut, if everything is harvested, it runs out.

When there is one in the house or the agricultural field, is [tolerated].

Medicinal

Apsi

Ambrosia psilostachya DC.

In the harvest, the twigs are cut and the stem is left so it can sprout.

We do not bring it to the house because we do not know if it will survive, we do not know what it need to produce.

We store it because there is no in dry season.

Medicinal

Bsal

Barkleyanthus salicifolius (Kunth) H.Rob. & Brettell

Before, many people had it in their homes, now they do not like it so much. It is easy to have it, does not need care as fertilizer or irrigation.

I have it, because when it is needed, I only go to the yard, besides it’s luxury [ornamental] for my house.

Medicinal

Clme

Clinopodium mexicanum (Benth.) Govaerts

It is not necessary to cut all the plant, only the twigs, leaving the stem can sprout and continues [be available].

I always have dry, it is more to drink, because it is almost not used as medicine.

For medicine, it is collected when it’s needed, is not necessary to bring it [to the houses].

Here [mescal factory] it is natural [natural distribution], we only take care of it when is harvested and that the animals (cattle) do not foraged it.

Medicinal

Cmex

Chrysactinia mexicana A.Gray

I have not tried to bring it to the house, but if I would do it, it could be, to do not have to go by it, although I do not know if it could survive.

I always have some of this plant, I let it dry and I keep it for when it is needed, when I go to the field and there are, I gather it, so I always have.

When I need it and I do not have it stored, I ask someone to give me a little.

Medicinal

Dcar

Dalea carthagenensis (Jacq.) J.F.Macbr.

This is no longer used so much, but when I need it I’m going to gather it to the edge of town or somebody brings it to me

Medicinal

Gglu

Gymnosperma glutinosum (Spreng.) Less.

There is much everywhere, you only have to gather it when do you need it.

Medicinal

Ginu

Grindelia inuloides Willd.

There are those who have it (managed in the houses or dry), when it is needed, we asks them for it or we are going to look for it to field. I think it is not difficult, but maybe the soil did not help to survival of the one that I tries to propagate.

Medicinal

Loax

Lippia oaxacana B.L.Rob. & Greenm.

Only the twigs are cut so that it can sprout.

When drying this plant does not lose its quality, it is very strong.

We store it so we can have it when we need it.

I worry that there is not [available when its needed], but I do not bring seedlings to the house because if I bring them and they dry, I will only run out them.

I brought a little plant but it dried.

Medicinal

Mpar

Malva parviflora L.

I leave some plants on the edge to have it, but when there is a lot, it must be rooted out.

Medicinal

Mpur

Matelea purpusii Woodson

I brought it to my house because I’m [need it], so I always have it here.

Medicinal

Mvul

Marrubium vulgare L.

Is very resistant, while more you cut, more there are. I leave some plants on the edge to have it, but when there is a lot, it must be rooted out.

Medicinal

Ppen

Parietaria pensylvanica Muhl. ex Willd.

There are at the edge of the village, in my house I leave them in case that someday I would need it.

Medicinal

Pros

Pinaropappus roseus (Less.) Less.

Before it was used when it was at hand, there are others that are used for [the same].

Medicinal

Rcom

Ricinus communis L.

I have of the two [green and red] each one has its use, they are also luxury [ornamental].

I brought the first from the road, I transplant the [seedlings] and take care of them, there are those who have taken the seed of those that they need to sow it. When they are abundant, they have to be rooted out.

Medicinal

Spra

Senecio praecox (Cav.) DC.

Now little is used, before it was stored, now only a few use it.

I brought a little plant, out of curiosity, now it is luxury of my house [ornamental] and by the time I need it I have it at hand.

Medicinal

Tdif

Turnera diffusa Willd. ex Schult.

When drying this plant does not lose its quality, it is very strong.

When I need it and I do not have it stored, I ask someone to give me a little.

Medicinal

Tluc

Tagetes lucida Cav.

I always have dry for when it is needed, this plant does not lose its quality when is drying, it is very strong.

If part of the stem is left it can sprout, it must be left to continue [be abundant].

Medicinal

Apot^a

Agave potatorum Zucc.

Now few cooked the “conserva” [maguey stem cooked with Oxalis spp. leaves], but when they do it, they share it with their friends or they also sell it.

The cacayas are eaten [flowers] when we meet one while walking in the field, to make mescal we have to go especially to cut the maguey and sometimes we have to buy it to other communities.

Now there is scarce before there was here on the shore, now we have to walk to find, about three hours or more to [prepare] the mescal.

Now [governmental] programs bring the maguey, we plant them in the fields and some [mescal producers] are already producing the plant, but it still lacks [time] to have it again.

Medicinal

Qacu^a

Quercus acutifolia Née

When needed [for medicinal use] we look for it, just a few branches with tender leaves.

It is also widely used by firewood.

For wood, trees should not cut only the branches.

I have two little trees, I brought acorns to feed my animals, but I leave some because I like these plants, but it is difficult they are delicate they hardly [germinate or survive], it takes a lot of patience and a lot of cares.