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Table 1 The list of wild vegetable plants used in the study area

From: The wild taxa utilized as vegetables in Sicily (Italy): a traditional component of the Mediterranean diet

 

Taxa

Family

Life form

Chorotype

Habitat and distribution frequency

Vernacular names

Edible partsa

Food useb

Frequency of citationsc

*

Agave americana L.

Agavaceae

P caesp

C-America

Uncultivated land, road edges both cultivated and spontaneous—C

Zabbara, Zamara

t-s

Co

R

 

Alliaria petiolata (M. Bieb.) Cavara & Grande

Brassicaceae

H scap

Paleotemp.

Nitrophilous woods—C

Agghialòra, Pedi d’asinu

bu, le

Ra/Co

R

 

Allium ampeloprasum L.

Amaryllidaceae

G bulb

Eurimedit.

Dry uncultivated land, edges of gardens—C

Purrièttu, Puorru sarvaggiu

bu, le, t-s

Ra/Co

VVC

*

Allium nigrum L.

Amaryllidaceae

G bulb

Stenomedit.

Fields, vineyards and olive-groves—C

Agghiu d’i siminati, Porra

bu

Ra/Co

VC

*

Allium pendulinum Ten.

Amaryllidaceae

G bulb

W-Stenomedit.

Woods, wet and shady ground—C

Agghiu sarvaggiu

le

Ra/Co

VC

 

Allium roseum L.

Amaryllidaceae

G bulb

Stenomedit.

Garigue, dry meadows—VC

Agghiu sarvaggiu, Porru

bu

Ra/Co

C

 

Allium subhirsutum L.

Amaryllidaceae

G bulb

Stenomedit.

Dry meadows, uncultivaded ground, and garigue—VC

Agghiu sarvaggiu

bu

Ra/Co

C

 

Allium triquetrum L.

Amaryllidaceae

G bulb

W-Stenomedit.

Shady ground—C

Agliotta, Porrua

bu, le

Ra/Co

C

 

Allium ursinum subsp. ucrainicum Kleopow & Oxner [100, 106]

Amaryllidaceae

G bulb

Eurasiat.

Beech-woods—NC

Agghiu ursinu, Cipudda di serpi

bu, le

Ra/Co

R

 

Amaranthus retroflexus L.

Amaranthaceae

T scap

America Trop.

Ruins, debris, a weed in summer crops in dry and soft ground—C

Lippia

t-s

Co

R

 

Ammi majus L.

Apiaceae

T scap

Eurimedit.

Uncultivated land, ruins, hoed fields—C

Ènniri, Sberra

le

Ra/Co

R

 

Anacyclus clavatus (Desf.) Pers.

Asteraceae

T scap

Stenomedit.

Dry meadows, uncultivated land—VC

Panipanuzzu

t-s

Co

R

 

Anthemis arvensis L. subsp. arvensis

Asteraceae

T scap

Stenomedit.

Cereal fields, pastures and uncultivated land—VC

Cacumidda fitenti, Calumidda sarvaggia

le

Co

R

 

Apium graveolens L.

Apiaceae

H scap

Paleotemp.

Cultivated and wet uncultivated land—NC

Accia sarvaggia, Accia

le, t-s

Ra/Co

C

 

Apium nodiflorum (L.) Lag.

Apiaceae

H scap

Eurimedit.

Ditches, ponds—C

Scavùni, Crisciùni

le, t-s

Ra/Co

C

*

Arabis collina Ten.

Brassicaceae

H scap

Medit.-Mont.

Grazing lands, cliffs, walls—C

Razzi sarvaggi

t-s

Co

R

*

Arabis hirsuta (L.) Scop.

Brassicaceae

H bienn

Europ.

Dry meadows, bushes, grazing lands, cliffs, road edges, walls—C

Razzi

t-s

Co

R

*

Arabis turrita L.

Brassicaceae

H bienn

S-Europ.-Sudsib.

Grazing land, deciduous, stony slopes and cliffs—R

Mazarèddra duci, Cavulèdda

le, t-s

Co

R

 

Arctium minus (Hill) Bernh.

Asteraceae

H bienn

Eurimedit.

Uncultivated land, hedges, road edges, banks—NC

Bardana

le, t-s

Co

R

 

Asparagus acutifolius L.

Asparagaceae

NP

Stenomedit.

Scrubland, holm oak, hedges Scrubland, holm oak, hedges—VC

Spàracë di rizzògna, Sparacògna

t-s

Ra/Co

VVC

 

Asparagus albus L.

Asparagaceae

NP

W-Stenomedit.

Dry slopes, particularly in clayey ground and limestone—VC

Sparaciu jancu, Spàraciu spinosu

t-s

Ra/Co

VC

 

Asparagus aphyllus L.

Asparagaceae

Ch frut

S-Stenomedit.

Dry and sunny slopes, hedges—VC

Spàraciu nìuru

t-s

Ra/Co

C

 

Asparagus horridus L.

Asparagaceae

NP

S-Stenomedit.

Walls, hedges, garigue—NC

Spàriciu marinu, Sparacògna sarvaggia

t-s

Ra/Co

C

 

Asparagus officinalis L.

Asparagaceae

G rhiz

Eurimedit.

Meadows and marshes—NC

Sparaciu manzu, Sparaciu ‘mpiriali

t-s

Ra/Co

C

 

Asphodeline lutea (L.) Rchb.

Xanthorrhoeaceae

G rhiz

E-Eurimedit.

Dry meadows—VC

Garùfi, Puddicìnu

t-s

Co

C

 

Asphodelus ramosus L. subsp. ramosus var. ramosus [100]

Xanthorrhoeaceae

G rhiz

Stenomedit.

Uncultivated dry ground, meadows—VC

Purrazzu, Arvùzzi ramùsi

ro

Co

R

*

Asphodelus ramosus subsp. ramosus var. africanus Z. Díaz & Valdés [100]

Xanthorrhoeaceae

G rhiz

Stenomedit.

Uncultivated clayey land—VC

Agghiu porru, Purrazzu

ro

Co

R

 

Barbarea vulgaris R. Br.

Brassicaceae

H scap

Cosmop.

Wet muds, brook’s banks—R

Caulicèddi di crapa, Lassana

t-s

Co

C

*

Bellis annua L.

Asteraceae

T scap

Stenomedit.

Meadows, uncultivated land—C

Erva di primu xiuri, Jancuzzu

b-r

Ra/Co

C

.

Bellis perennis L. var. perennis [100]

Asteraceae

H ros

Europ.-Caucas.

Uncultivated land, meadows, disturbed sinantropic localites—C

Erva di primu xiuri, Jancuzzu

b-r

Ra/Co

C

*

Bellis perennis var. hybrida (Ten.) Fiori [100]

Asteraceae

H ros

Europ.-Caucas.

Meadows—R

Erva di primu xiuri, Jancuzzu

b-r

Ra/Co

R

*

Bellis perennis var. strobliana Bég. [100]

Asteraceae

H ros

Endem. Sic.

Mountain meadows—R

Erva di primu xiuri, Jancuzzu

b-r

Ra/Co

R

*

Bellis sylvestris Cirillo

Asteraceae

H ros

Stenomedit.

Uncultivated land, pastures, olive-grove—C

Primu xiuri di voscu

b-r

Ra/Co

R

 

Beta vulgaris L. subsp. vulgaris

Chenopodiaceae

H scap

Eurimedit.

Wild on the coasts and commonly cultivated—VC

Giri, Salachi

le

Co

VVC

 

Beta vulgaris subsp. maritima (L.) Arcang. [100, 106]

Chenopodiaceae

H scap

Eurimedit.

Along the coasts—VC

Giri, Zarchi

le

Co

VVC

*

Biscutella maritima Ten.

Brassicaceae

T scap

Endem.

Uncultivated dry ground—VC

Cassatèddi, Ucchialèddi di Santa Lucia

t-s

Co

R

 

Borago officinalis L.

Boraginaceae

T scap

Eurimedit.

Uncultivated land, ruins—VC

Vurrania, Bburraina

fl/infl, le, t-s

Co

VVC

 

Brassica fruticulosa Cirillo

Brassicaceae

H scap

W-Stenomedit.

Uncultivated land, walls, debris—VC

Caulicèddu, Qualicèddu

b-r, fl/infl

Co

VC

 

Brassica incana Ten.

Brassicaceae

Ch suffr

Subendem.

Limestone cliffs, generally near the sea—NC

Amarèddi

fl/infl, t-s

Ra/Co

R

 

Brassica nigra (L.) W. D. J. Koch

Brassicaceae

T scap

Eurimedit.

Cereal fields, uncultivated land, threshing-floors—C

Cavulicèddu niuru, Mazzarèdda amara

b-r, fl/infl, t-s

Co

C

 

Brassica rapa subsp. campestris (L.) A. R. Clapham

Brassicaceae

T scap

Medit.

Fields, uncultivated land, road edges—VC

Sinapë, Qualazzi

b-r, fl/infl, t-s

Co

VVC

*

Brassica rupestris Raf. subsp. rupestris

Brassicaceae

Ch suffr

Endem.

Limestone cliffs—NC

Cavulazzu, Càulu di rocca

fl/infl, t-s

Ra/Co

R

*

Brassica rupestris subsp. hispida Raimondo & Mazzola [100, 106]

Brassicaceae

Ch suffr

Endem. Sic.

Limestone cliffs—NC

Càulu sarvaggiu

le

Ra/Co

VR

 

Brassica tournefortii Gouan

Brassicaceae

T scap

Saharo-Sind.

Uncultivated dry ground, particularly maritime sands—NC

Musulùchi

le, t-s

Ra/Co

R

 

Bunias erucago L.

Brassicaceae

T scap

N-Eurimedit.

Ruins, uncultivated grassy ground, hoed cultivations—C

Ciconia di vigna, Spinacia sarvaggia

le

Co

C

*

Cakile maritima Scop.

Brassicaceae

T scap

Eurosib.

Pioneer on costal sands and salty ruins—VC

Arùca marina, Arùcula di mari

t-s

Co

R

 

Calendula arvensis (Vaill.) L. subsp. arvensis

Asteraceae

T scap

SW-Stenomedit.

Uncultivated land, road edges, fields and vineyards—VC

Ciuri aranciu, Margherita russa

b-r, t-s

Co

R

 

Capparis spinosa L. subsp. spinosa var. spinosa

Capparidaceae

NP

Medit.

Gypsum cliffs, calanque—VC

Chiappara, Chiàpparu manzu

fl-b, t-s, fr

Ra/Co

VC

*

Capparis spinosa subsp. rupestris var. rupestris

Capparidaceae

NP

Medit.

Limestone cliffs and stony ground—VC

Ciapparèdda, Ciàppiru

fl-b, fr

Ra/Co

VC

*

Capparis spinosa subsp. spinosa var. canescens Cosson

Capparidaceae

NP

Medit.-Turan.

Gypsum and sulphur cliffs, calanque—VC

Chiàpparu sarbaggiu, Chiàppara

fl-b, fr

Ra/Co

VC

 

Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medik.

Brassicaceae

H bienn

Eurimedit.

Uncultivated land—VC

Bbursa di picuràru, Mastròzzu sarvaggiu

le

Co

R

 

Cardamine hirsuta L.

Brassicaceae

T scap

Endem.

Cultivations, uncultivated land, grassland—VC

Aruculicèdda sarvaggia, Crisciuneddu d’i mura

t-s

Co

R

 

Carduus argyroa Biv.

Asteraceae

T scap

Endem.

Uncultivated land, pastures, roadsides—VC

Cacasagna, Napordi d’acqua

t-s

Co

R

 

Carduus corymbosus Ten.

Asteraceae

T scap

Endem.

Uncultivated dry ground, debris, roadsides—NC

Carduneddu sarvaggiu

t-s

Co

R

 

Carduus pycnocephalus L. subsp. pycnocephalus

Asteraceae

H bienn

Eurimedit.-Turan.

Uncultivated land, road edges—VC

Scoddi

le

Co

R

 

Carlina gummifera (L.) Less.

Asteraceae

H ros

S-Stenomedit.

Garigue, dry meadows—VC

Masticògna, Cacucciulìdda

fl/infl

Ra/Co

R

*

Carlina hispanica subsp. globosa (Arcang.) Meusel & Kästner

Asteraceae

H scap

Stenomedit.

Dry and stony meadows—C

Mazzacugghiuna, Mazzacani

t-s

Co

R

*

Carlina sicula Ten.

Asteraceae

H scap

Endem. Sic.

Uncultivated land, dry meadows, roadsides—C

Carlina siciliana, Panicàudu

t-s

Co

R

*

Carrichtera annua (L.) DC.

Brassicaceae

T scap

Stenomedit.-Turan.

Uncultivated dry ground—R

Mastruzzu sarvaggiu

t-s

Co

R

 

Carthamus lanatus L. subsp. lanatus

Asteraceae

H scap

Eurimedit.

Clay-limestone ground—VC

Vavanazzi, Carduni ‘nfiliniatu o ri spina

t-s

Ra

R

 

Carthamus pinnatus Desf.

Asteraceae

H ros

SW-Eurimedit.

Uncultivated land, pastures, garigue—C

Carduncèllu

b-r

Co

R

 

Centaurea calcitrapa L.

Asteraceae

H bienn

Eurimedit.

Uncultivated dry ground, vineyards, roadsides—VC

Apròcchi ri picucara, Sciaccablisci

b-r

Co

C

*

Centaurea napifolia L.

Asteraceae

T scap

SW-Stenomedit.

Fields, uncultivated land, pastures hedges—VC

Lucia

b-r

Co

C

 

Centaurea sicula L.

Asteraceae

H bienn

SW-Stenomedit.

Uncultivated land, roadsides—C

Appròcchiu, Buttùni d’oru

b-r, le

Co

R

 

Centaurea solstitialis subsp. schowii (DC.) Dostál

Asteraceae

H bienn

Subendem.

Uncultivated land, vineyards, roadsides—C

Apròcchiu fimminedda, Gattaredda

le

Co

R

 

Centranthus ruber (L.) DC.

Valerianaceae

Ch suffr

Stenomedit.

Cliffs, old walls—VC

Baddariàna russa, Giummu di carrabbinera

le

Ra/Co

R

 

Cerinthe major L. subsp. major

Boraginaceae

T scap

Stenomedit.

Uncultivated land, vineyards edges and olive-grove, roadsides—VC

Sucameli, Vrischi di api

le

Ra/Co

C

 

Chamaemelum fuscatum (Brot.) Vasc.

Asteraceae

T scap

W-Medit.-Mont.

Meadows and uncultivated wet ground—C

Cacumidda, Pan’i cavaddu

t-s

Ra/Co

R

 

Chamaerops humilis L.

Arecaceae

P scap

W-Stenomedit.

Limestone cliffs and slopes on garigue Coastal belt—VC

Giummarra, Scupazzu

t-s

Ra

R

 

Chenopodium album L.

Chenopodiaceae

T scap

Europa E-Asia

Uncultivated ground, ruins, a weed of cultivations—VC

Erva fitenti, Inìsca

le, t-s

Co

R

 

Chondrilla juncea L.

Asteraceae

H scap

S-Europ.-Sudsib.

Uncultivated land and dry meadows—VC

Curi î suggi, Cutulidda

le, t-s

Co

C

 

Cichorium intybus L. var. intybus [100, 106]

Asteraceae

H scap

Paleotemp.

Roadsides, in uncultivated land and ruins, a weed also in gardens—VC

Cicòria,Cicoira

b-r, le

Ra/Co

VVC

*

Cichorium intybus var. glabratum (C. Presl) Fiori [100, 106]

Asteraceae

H scap

Medit.

Mountain grasslands—NC

Cicòria,Cicoira

b-r, le

Ra/Co

C

*

Cichorium pumilum Jacq.

Asteraceae

T scap

Stenomedit.

Ruins, uncultivated land—C

Nirvia sarvaggia

b-r, le

Ra/Co

C

 

Clematis vitalba L.

Ranunculaceae

P lian

Europ.-Caucas.

Sub-Mediterranean deciduous woods, hedges—VC

Liàra, Mutarva

t-s

Co

C

 

Clinopodium nepeta (L.) Kuntze subsp. nepeta

Lamiaceae

H scap

Orof. S-Europ.

Dry meadows, uncultivated land, walls—VC

Nipitedda, Niputeddra

le

Ra/Co

C

 

Crepis bursifolia L.

Asteraceae

H scap

Subendem.

Uncultivated land, dry meadows—VC

Ricuttedda, Rizzaredda

b-r, le

Co

C

 

Crepis leontodontoides All.

Asteraceae

H ros

W-Medit.-Mont.

Forests, bushes, glads—C

Rizzaredda

b-r

Co

C

 

Crepis neglecta subsp. corymbosa (Ten.) Nyman

Asteraceae

T scap

Subendem.

Uncultivated land, vineyards, roadsides—R

Radicchiedda

b-r

Co

R

*

Crepis sprengelii Nicotra

Asteraceae

H ros

Endem. Sic.

Fields, meadows and hedges—R

Radicchiedda siciliana

b-r

Co

R

 

Crepis vesicaria L. subsp. vesicaria

Asteraceae

T scap

Eurimedit.-Subatl.

Uncultivated land, vineyards, roadsides

Cicoria missinìsa, Cicoria vessicaria

b-r, le

Co

VC

*

Crepis vesicaria subsp. bivonana (Soldano & Conti) Giardina & Raimondo

Asteraceae

T scap

Endem. Sic.

Uncultivated land and roadsides—VC

Cicòria vessicaria,Cicuriuni

b-r

Co

C

 

Crepis vesicaria subsp. hyemalis (Biv.) Babc.

Asteraceae

T scap

Endem. Sic.

Uncultivated land, vineyards, roadsides—C

Luciazzi

b-r, le

Co

VC

 

Crepis vesicaria subsp. taraxacifolia (Thuill.) Thell.

Asteraceae

T scap

W-Medit.

Uncultivated land and roadsides—C

Cicoria amara, Lattuchedda di lu Signuri

b-r, le

Co

C

 

Crithmum maritimum L.

Apiaceae

Ch suffr

Eurimedit.

Maritime cliffs and reefs—VC

Erva di lu pitittu, Finocchiu marinu

le, t-s

Ra

R

 

Cynara cardunculus L. subsp. cardunculus

Asteraceae

H scap

Stenomedit.

Pastures, uncultivated land—VC

Cardùn’i spini, Cacòcciuliddu spinusu

fl/infl, t-s

Ra/Co

VC

 

Cyperus esculentus L.

Cyperaceae

He

Subcosmop.

Cultivated in marshes on the coast—C

Cabbasìsi di Trapani, Nziparèddu

ro

Co

C

 

Daucus carota L. subsp. carota

Apiaceae

H bienn

Paleotemp.

Uncultivated land, roadsides, dry meadows—VC

Vastunàca sarvaggia, Pedi di gaddu

b-r, le

Ra/Co

R

 

Daucus carota subsp. maximus (Desf.) Ball

Apiaceae

H bienn

Medit.-Asia

Uncultivated land, roadsides, dry meadows—NC

Cuda di gattu

t-s

Ra/Co

R

*

Descurainia sophia (L.) Prantl

Brassicaceae

T scap

Paleotemp.

Uncultivated land, ruins, often near stables—R

Làssinu di sceccu, Mazzarèddri

t-s

Co

R

 

Dioscorea communis (L.) Caddick & Wilkin

Dioscoraceae

G rad

Eurimedit.

Woods, glads, hedges—VC

Spàraciu arrampicusu, Spàrac’i serpi

t-s

Co

C

 

Diplotaxis erucoides (L.) DC. var. erucoides [100]

Brassicaceae

T scap

W-Stenomedit.

Fallow and uncultivated land—VC

Xiuri di morti, Ruca sarvaggia

le, t-s

Co

VC

 

Diplotaxis harra subsp. crassifolia (Raf.) Maire

Brassicaceae

Ch suffr

S-Stenomedit.

Gypsum cliffs—C

Erva cavulàra, Cavulicèddi

le, t-s

Co

C

 

Diplotaxis muralis (L.) DC.

Brassicaceae

T scap

Eurimedit.-Subatl.

Uncultivated land, ruins, road edges—R

Erva diàvula, Erva diaulìna

le, t-s

Co

R

 

Diplotaxis tenuifolia (L.) DC.

Brassicaceae

H scap

Subatlant.

Ruins, uncultivated dry sandy ground—VC

Ruca, Arùca sarvaggia

le

Co

VC

 

Echium italicum L. subsp. italicum

Boraginaceae

H bienn

Medit.

Dry mountain meadows—VR

Acchiàppa muschi, Lingua di voi

le

Co

R

*

Echium italicum L. subsp. siculum (Lacaita) Greuter & Burdet

Boraginaceae

H bienn

Endem. Sic.

Uncultivated land and dry meadows—VC

Acchiàppa muschi, lingua viperina

le

Co

R

 

Echium plantagineum L.

Boraginaceae

T scap

Eurimedit.

Uncultivated dry and sandy ground along the coast and roadsides—VC

Lapazza, Lingua di voi

le

Co

R

 

Eruca vesicaria subsp. sativa (Mill.) Thell.

Brassicaceae

T scap

Eurimedit.-Turan.

Ruins, gardens—C

Arùca, Arùca sarvaggia

le, t-s

Ra/Co

C

 

Erucastrum virgatum (J. & C. Presl) C. Presl

Brassicaceae

H scap

Subendem.

Ruins and uncultivated land, pastures—R

Sinapi, Càvulu sarvaggiu

le, t-s

Co

R

 

Eryngium campestre L.

Apiaceae

H scap

Eurimedit.

Dry meadows on limestone—VC

Panicauru, N’zalata du diavulu,

le

Ra

R

 

Fedia graciliflora Fisch. & C. A. Mey.

Valerianaceae

T scap

Stenomedit.

Uncultivated land, roadsides and in gardens—C

Peri ciocca, Lattucheddra di San Giuseppi

le

Ra/Co

C

 

Foeniculum vulgare Mill. subsp. vulgare

Apiaceae

H scap

S-Eurimedit.

Dry uncultivated land—VC

Finucchieddu sarbaggiu, Finucchieddu rizzu,

le, t-s

Ra/Co

VVC

 

Galactites elegans (All.) Soldano [100, 106]

Asteraceae

H bienn

Stenomedit.

Uncultivated land, ruins, roadsides—VC

Spina janca, Cardunèddu fimminèdda

t-s

Co

R

*

Gladiolus communis L. subsp. byzantinus (Mill.) A. P. Ham. [100, 106]

Iridaceae

G bulb

Stenomedit.

Cereal fields—C

Spatuliddra

st-j

Ra

R

*

Gladiolus communis L. subsp. communis

Iridaceae

G bulb

S-Europ.-Sudsib.

Dry meadows—C

Spatuliddra

st-j

Ra

R

 

Gladiolus italicus Mill.

Iridaceae

G bulb

Eurimedit.

Cereal fields—VC

Spatuliddra

st-j

Ra

R

 

Glebionis coronaria (L.) Spach

Asteraceae

T scap

Stenomedit.

Fields, vineyards, olive-grove, uncultivated land—VC

Sciùri di maju, Ciuri di cacamaiu

t-s

Co

R

 

Hedypnois cretica (L.) Dum.-Cours.

Asteraceae

T scap

Stenomedit.

Uncultivated land garigue, dry meadows

Erva cracchiola

t-s

Co

R

 

Hedypnois rhagadioloides (L.) F. W. Schmidt

Asteraceae

T scap

Stenomedit.

Uncultivated land garigue, dry meadows

Erva cracchiola

t-s

Co

R

 

Helminthotheca echioides (L.) Holub

Asteraceae

T scap

Eurimedit.

Hedges, road sides, dry meadows, ruins—VC

Spirèdda, Asparèdda

le

Co

R

 

Himantoglossum robertianum (Loisel.) P. Delforge

Orchidaceae

G bulb

Stenomedit.

Dry meadows, garigue and small bushes—VC

Patatara, Gaddùzzi

bu, ro

Co

R

 

Hirschfeldia incana (L.) Lagr.-Foss.

Brassicaceae

H scap

Eurimedit.

Ruins, uncultivated land, along the roads—VC

Làssimi, Mazzareddi

fl/infl, le, t-s

Co

VC

 

Hyoseris radiata L.

Asteraceae

T ros

Stenomedit.

Uncultivated grassy ground, walls, slopes, stony paths—VC

Occhi di pirnici, Cicuriuni

b-r

Co

VC

*

Hyoseris scabra L.

Asteraceae

T ros

Stenomedit.

Uncultivated dry ground, near the coast—NC

Cicuriuni, Erba duci

b-r

Co

C

 

Hypochaeris achyrophorus L.

Asteraceae

T scap

Stenomedit.

Uncultivated land and dry meadows—VC

Costa ri vecchia, Cicoria lingua di jatta

b-r, le

Co

VC

 

Hypochaeris cretensis (L.) Bory & Chaub.

Asteraceae

H scap

NE-Medit.-Mont.

Dry and stony slopes, mountain pastures—C

Cìtula duci

b-r, le

Co

C

 

Hypochaeris glabra L.

Asteraceae

T scap

Eurimedit.

Uncultivated dry ground, pastures—C

Costi vecchia

b-r, le

Co

VC

 

Hypochaeris laevigata (L.) Ces.

Asteraceae

H ros

SW-Medit.-Mont.

Cliffs, stony pastures—C

Razza

b-r, le

Co

VC

 

Hypochaeris radicata L.

Asteraceae

H ros

Europ.-Caucas.

Sands, dry meadows, uncultivated land—C

Cicoria furfuciata, Sgàrri

b-r, le

Co

VC

*

Iris tuberosa L.

Iridaceae

G rhiz

N-Stenomedit.

Uncultivated land, hedges, and olive groves—VC

Buttùni di jaddu, Castagnotto

ro

Co

C

 

Isatis tinctoria subsp. canescens (DC.) Arcang. [100]

Brassicaceae

H bienn

SE-Asia

Uncultivated land, along the roads—VC

Cavulu di carammu, Guàdu

fl/infl

Co

R

*

Jacobaea erratica (Bertol.) Fourr.

Asteraceae

H bienn

C-Europ.

Wet and shady localities—C

Erva rapudda, Erva di San Giacumu

le

Co

R

*

Juncus acutus L.

Juncaceae

H caesp

Eurimedit.

Wet salt sandy ground, embankments, clayey ground—VC

Juncu, Junci di liari

t-s

Co

R

*

Kundmannia sicula (L.) DC.

Apiaceae

H scap

Stenomedit.

Dry uncultivated land, pastures—C

Pedi di nigli, Pitrusinu sarvaggiu

le

Co

VR

 

Lactuca muralis (L.) Gaertn.

Asteraceae

H scap

Europ.-Caucas.

Woods—C

Cardedda di muru

le

Ra/Co

C

 

Lactuca serriola L.

Asteraceae

H bienn

S-Europ.-Sudsib.

Uncultivated land, vineyards, roadsides—VC

Lattuca sarbaggia, Lattùca spinusa

le

Ra/Co

C

 

Lactuca viminea (L.) J. & C. Presl

Asteraceae

H bienn

Europ.-Caucas.

Dry and stony slopes—VC

Lattughèdda du Signuri, Evva di scussuni

le

Ra/Co

C

*

Lamium flexuosum Ten.

Lamiaceae

H scap

NW-Medit.-Mont.

Stony ground, wet cliffs, scrubland—R

Nzinzili

st-j

Ra

R

 

Lapsana communis L.

Asteraceae

T scap

Paleotemp.

Broadleaf woods and fresh disturbed localities—C

Lassani ruci, Erva pi li minni

t-s

Ra/Co

R

 

Lathyrus annuus L.

Fabaceae

T scap

Eurimedit.

Fields, pastures, uncultivated land—C

Fasuolu sarvaggiu

t-s

Co

R

 

Lathyrus sylvestris L.

Fabaceae

H scand

Europ.-Caucas.

Dry meadows, hedges—C

Cessavuoi, Fasòla sarvaggia

fl/infl, t-s

Co

R

*

Leontodon cichoraceus (Ten.) Sanguin.

Asteraceae

H ros

Orof. SE-Europ.

Uncultivated dry ground, pastures, hedges—R

Cicuriedda

b-r

Co

VC

*

Leontodon intermedius Huter, Porta & Rigo

Asteraceae

H ros

Endem.

Limestone cliffs—C

Cicuriedda

b-r

Co

C

*

Leontodon muelleri (Sch. Bip.) Fiori

Asteraceae

T scap

S-Stenomedit.

Pastures and uncultivated wet ground—R

Occhiu di pinnici

b-r

Co

C

*

Leontodon siculus (Guss.) Nyman

Asteraceae

H ros

Endem.

Beech and Turkey oak woods—R

Lattughedda di muntagna

b-r

Co

C

 

Leontodon tuberosus L.

Asteraceae

H ros

Stenomedit.

Dry meadows, olive-grove, glades in scrublands—VC

Occhiu di pinnici, Lattughedda

b-r

Co

C

 

Leopoldia comosa (L.) Parl.

Hyacinthaceae

G bulb

Eurimedit.

Fields, uncultivated dry ground—VC

Cipuddazza, Agghiòru niuru,

bu

Co

R

*

Lepidium draba L.

Brassicaceae

G rhiz

Giamaica

Uncultivated land along the roads, ruins—VC

Aruchèdda, Erva pipirìna

t-s

Co

R

 

Lepidium graminifolium L.

Brassicaceae

H scap

Eurimedit.

Road sides, ruins—VC

Mastrùzzu sarvaggiu

t-s

Co

R

*

Lepidium latifolium L.

Brassicaceae

H scap

Subendem.

Uncultivated dry barren ground—R

Erva pipirìtu, Erva mustarda

t-s

Co

R

*

Lobularia maritima (L.) Desv. subsp. maritima

Brassicaceae

H scap

Stenomedit.

Uncultivated dry ground, cliffs, walls—VC

Qualidduzzu profumatu, Ciùri bbiàncu

t-s

Co

R

 

Lycium europaeum L.

Solanaceae

NP

Eurimedit.

Cultivated for hedges and grown wild along interpoderal roads—C

Spinasanta, Tammuscèddu

t-s

Co

C

 

Malva cretica Cav.

Malvaceae

T scap

Stenomedit.

Dry uncultivated land—C

Marva

le

Co

C

*

Malva multiflora (Cav.) Soldano, Banfi & Galasso

Malvaceae

T scap

Stenomedit.

Dry uncultivated land, fields, ruins—VC

Marva, Marvùni

le

Co

C

 

Malva nicaeensis All.

Malvaceae

T scap

Stenomedit.

Dry uncultivated land, paths, pastures—C

Marva, Marba

le

Ra/Co

C

 

Malva parviflora L.

Malvaceae

T scap

Stenomedit.

Uncultivated land near the houses—C

Panicèdda, Pani-panùzzi

le

Co

C

 

Malva sylvestris L. subsp. sylvestris [100, 106]

Malvaceae

H scap

Eurosib.

Wasteland piles of debris and rubbish—VC

Marva, Mavvàscu

le

Co

C

*

Malva sylvestris subsp. ambigua (Guss.) Thell. [100]

Malvaceae

H scap

Eurosib.

Wasteland piles of debris and rubbish—C

Marva, Mavvàscu

le

Co

C

*

Malva trimestris (L.) Salisb. [100]

Malvaceae

T scap

Stenomedit.

Fields, uncultivated land and pastures—VC

Marva, Marvùni

le

Co

C

 

Moricandia arvensis (L.) DC.

Brassicaceae

T scap

S-Stenomedit.

Ruins, uncultivated land, often along the railways—VC

Càvulu sarvaggiu, Garòfalu sarvaggiu

le, t-s

Co

R

*

Narcissus tazetta L. subsp. tazetta

Amaryllidaceae

G bulb

Stenomedit.

Meadows—VC

Narcìsu, Agghi porri

fl/infl

Ra/Co

VR

 

Nasturtium officinale R. Br.

Brassicaceae

H scap

Cosmop.

Still and running waters, banks—VC

Crisciuni, Scavùni

le, t-s

Ra/Co

C

 

Notobasis syriaca (L.) Cass.

Asteraceae

T scap

Stenomedit.

Fields, uncultivated land, dry meadows, roadsides—VC

Piscialàsinu, Lamànna

t-s

Ra/Co

R

*

Onopordum horridum Viv.

Asteraceae

H bienn

NE-Medit.-Mont.

Uncultivated land, rubbish dump, covili—C

Napòrdu

b-r

Co

VC

 

Onopordum illyricum L. subsp. illyricum

Asteraceae

H bienn

Stenomedit.

Uncultivated land, debris, near the stables—VC

Napruddri, Munaceddu

b-r

Co

VC

*

Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Mill.

Cactaceae

P succ

America Trop.

Dry localities and cliffs—VC

Ficudinia, Fikupali

fr

Co

R

 

Oxalis pes-caprae L.

Oxalidaceae

G bulb

S-Africa

Uncultivated land, gardens, fields—VC

Cannacitula, auriduci

bu, le, st-j

Ra/Co

C

 

Papaver rhoeas L. var. rhoeas [100]

Papaveraceae

T scap

E-Medit.-Mont.

A weed of cereal cultivation, and ruderal

Paparina russa, Paparinazzu

le

Ra/Co

C

*

Papaver rhoeas var. himerense Raimondo & Spadaro [100]

Papaveraceae

T scap

Endem. Sic.

Nitrophylous open sites—RR

Papaviru rosa

le, t-s

Ra/Co

R

 

Papaver somniferum subsp. setigerum (DC.) Arcang.

Papaveraceae

T scap

W-Medit.-Mont.

Pastures, walls and cultivations—NC

Paparina manza

le

Ra/Co

VR

 

Picris hieracioides subsp. spinulosa (Guss.) Arcang.

Asteraceae

H scap

Eurosib.

Uncultivated land, roadsides—VC

Spireddra

le

Co

R

*

Plantago afra L.

Plantaginaceae

T scap

Stenomedit.

Uncultivated dry ground, pastures—VC

Erva d’i purci, Pisillìna

b-r

Co

R

 

Plantago coronopus L. subsp. coronopus

Plantaginaceae

T scap

Eurimedit.

Uncultivated dry ground, near the sea, salt meadows, reefs—C

Cornopiu, Erva di stidda

b-r

Co

C

 

Plantago lagopus L.

Plantaginaceae

T scap

Stenomedit.

Dry meadows, uncultivated land—C

Cutidduzzi, Cuda di gatta

b-r

Co

R

 

Plantago lanceolata L. var. lanceolata [100]

Plantaginaceae

H ros

Eurasiat.

Uncultivated land, roadsides, fields, vineyards, generally sinantrophic—C

Lanzafina, Centunèrvi strittu

b-r

Co

C

 

Plantago major L. subsp. major

Plantaginaceae

H ros

Eurasiat.

Moist mountain localities drying in Spring—C

Centunèrvi, Pampina larga

b-r

Co

R

 

Plantago serraria L.

Plantaginaceae

H ros

Stenomedit.

Uncultivated dry ground mainly on the coastland—C

Tuonachi, Chirchi di parrini

b-r

Co

C

 

Portulaca oleracea L. subsp. oleracea

Portulacaceae

T scap

Subcosmop.

Fields, gardens, uncultivated ground—VC

Purciddana, Pucciddana

le, t-s

Ra/Co

VC

 

Primula vulgaris Huds.

Primulaceae

H ros

Europ.-Caucas.

Broadleaf woods—C

Conterba siciliana, Sciuri a scocca

b-r

Ra/Co

R

 

Raphanus raphanistrum L. subsp. raphanistrum

Brassicaceae

T scap

Eurimedit.

Ruins, gardens, often also a weed of cultivations—VC

Razza ruci, Lapistra

le, t-s

Co

VC

 

Raphanus raphanistrum subsp. landra (DC.) Bonnier & Layens

Brassicaceae

T scap

Eurimedit.

Ruins and fields—VC

Mazzaredda, Razza

le, t-s

Co

VC

*

Raphanus raphanistrum subsp. maritimus (Sm.) Thell. [100]

Brassicaceae

T scap

Eurimedit.

Ruins and fields near the sea—C

Ràfanu sarvaggiu, Aràzzu

le, t-s

Co

C

 

Rapistrum rugosum subsp. orientale (L.) Arcang. [100, 106]

Brassicaceae

T scap

Eurimedit.

Uncultivated dry land, grazing, road edges—C

Sinàpa spagnola

le, t-s

Co

C

 

Reichardia picroides (L.) Roth

Asteraceae

H scap

Stenomedit.

Maritime cliffs, uncultivated dry ground, walls, roadsides—VC

Caccialiepru, Curcita

b-r

Co

VVC

 

Rhagadiolus stellatus (L.) Gaertn.

Asteraceae

T scap

Eurimedit.

Uncultivated land, fields, dry meadows—C

Raricchiu sarvaggiu

b-r, le

Co

C

 

Ridolfia segetum Moris

Apiaceae

T scap

Stenomedit.

Cereal fields—VC

Finocchiu anitu, Finucciàzzu

t-s

Ra

R

*

Rorippa sylvestris (L.) Besser

Brassicaceae

H scap

Eurasiat.

Muds, uncultivated wet ground—VR

Arùca sarvaggia picciridda

le

Co

VR

 

Rosa canina L.

Rosaceae

NP

Paleotemp.

Degraded scrubland, bushes, and hedges—VC

Giarrauta, Rosa sarvaggia

fl/infl

Ro

R

 

Rosa sempervirens L.

Rosaceae

NP

W-Medit.-Mont.

Thermo-Meso-Mediterranean woods and scrublands—C

Rusidda spinusa, Rusidda di San Giuvanni

fl/infl

Ro

R

 

Rubus ulmifolius Schott

Rosaceae

NP

Eurimedit.

Hedges, uncultivated land, coppice—VC

Amurèdda, Rivèttu

t-s

Ra/Co

VR

 

Rumex acetosa L.

Polygonaceae

H scap

Circumbor.

Manured and mown meadows—R

Acitàzzu, Aureddùci

t-s

Co

R

 

Rumex bucephalophorus L. subsp. bucephalophorus

Polygonaceae

T scap

Eurimedit.-Macaron.

Uncultivated dry ground mainly on the coastland—VC

Acitusèdda, Agru-duci cu’ fogghi picciriddi

t-s

Co

R

 

Rumex crispus L.

Polygonaceae

H scap

Subcosmop.

Uncultivated and cultivated ground, ruins—C

Aùru acìtu, Lapàzzu

t-s

Co

VR

 

Rumex intermedius DC.

Polygonaceae

H scap

NW-Stenomedit.

Uncultivated ground—R

Acitàzzu

t-s

Co

R

 

Rumex pulcher L. subsp. pulcher

Polygonaceae

H scap

Eurimedit.

Uncultivated land, ruins, meadows and semi-humid ground—VC

Lapàzza, Lapazzèddu rizzu

t-s

Co

R

 

Rumex scutatus L.

Polygonaceae

H scap

S-Europ.-Sudsib.

Limestone stony and uncultivated land—VC

Acìtula di sciara, Citulìdda

le, st-j

Ra/Co

R

 

Rumex thyrsoides Desf.

Polygonaceae

H scap

W-Stenomedit.

Dry uncultivated ground—VC

Acìtura

t-s

Co

R

 

Ruscus aculeatus L.

Ruscaceae

Ch frut

Eurimedit.

Thermophilous Quercus woods—C

Spinasurci, Scuparìni

t-s

Ra/Co

VVC

 

Ruscus hypophyllum L.

Ruscaceae

Ch frut

Eurimedit.

Broadleaf woods, particularly Quercus ilex woods—R

Sparaci trona, Erva di trònu

t-s

Ra/Co

C

.

Salvia officinalis L.

Lamiaceae

Ch suffr

N-Medit.-Mont.

Only rarely naturalized, and always in disturbed habitat—R

Sarvia

le

Ra/Co

C

 

Sambucus nigra L.

Caprifoliaceae

P caesp

Europ.-Caucas.

Wet woods, glades, hedges—NC

Sammùccu, Savùcu

fl/infl

Co

R

 

Sanguisorba minor Scop. subsp. minor

Rosaceae

H scap

Paleotemp.

Dry meadows, garigue, uncoltivated ground—NC

Pampinèdda di campagna, Pimpinedda

le

Co

VR

 

Scolymus grandiflorus Desf.

Asteraceae

H scap

SW-Eurimedit.

Uncultivated land, road edges—VC

Scòddi, Zammuri di campagna

t-s

Ra/Co

VC

 

Scolymus hispanicus L.

Asteraceae

H bienn

Eurimedit.

Uncultivated dry and sandy ground—VC

Spina bianca, Scoddu

t-s

Ra/Co

C

 

Scolymus maculatus L.

Asteraceae

T scap

S-Stenomedit.

Uncultivated clayey ground—VC

Scoddu, Scuoddo

t-s

Ra/Co

C

 

Scorzonera cana (C. A. Mey.) Griseb.

Asteraceae

H scap

S-Europ.-Sudsib.

Clayey and marly ground—C

Benedìciti

le

Co

R

 

Scorzonera laciniata L.

Asteraceae

H bienn

Paleotemp.

Uncultivated land, vineyards, dry slopes—NC

Erva di gnàgnaru pilusa, Scursunèra

le, t-s

Ra/Co

R

*

Scorzonera laciniata subsp. decumbens (Guss.) Greuter [106]

Asteraceae

H bienn

Medit.

Vineyards, cultivation edges, ruins—NC

Latti di lepri

le, t-s

Co

R

 

Scorzonera undulata subsp. deliciosa (Guss.) Maire

Asteraceae

G bulb

SW-Stenomedit.

Uncultivated dry ground—C

Scursunèra

b-r, ro

Ra/Co

R

 

Senecio vulgaris L.

Asteraceae

T scap

Eurimedit.

Uncultivated land near houses and a weed in fields—VC

Erva di li cardìddi, Mancialèbbri

le

Co

R

 

Silene vulgaris (Moench) Garcke subsp. vulgaris

Caryophyllaceae

H scap

Paleotemp.

Uncultivated ground, meadows, scree—C

Aricchi i liepru, Erba du priricaturi

t-s

Ra/Co

VC

*

Silene vulgaris subsp. commutata (Guss.) Hayek

Caryophyllaceae

H scap

Orof. SE-Europ.

Meadows among cliffs—R

Aricchi i liepru, Cannatèdda

t-s

Ra/Co

C

*

Silene vulgaris subsp. tenoreana (Colla) Soldano & F. Conti [100, 106]

Caryophyllaceae

H scap

Steno - Medit –Orient

Dune, reefs, and dry localities near the sea—VC

Calicèdda di muru, Campanèdda

t-s

Ra/Co

C

 

Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn.

Asteraceae

H bienn

Eurimedit.-Turan.

Ruins, hedges, roadsides—VC

Carduggiu, Cardu marianu

b-r

Co

VC

 

Sinapis alba L. subsp. alba

Brassicaceae

T scap

E-Medit.

Cereal fields, uncultivated land and ruins—VC

Làssani, Mazzarèddu

fl/infl, t-s

Co

R

*

Sinapis alba L. subsp. dissecta (Lag.) Bonnier

Brassicaceae

T scap

E-Medit.-Mont.

Cereal fields, uncultivated land and ruins—NC

Sinacciòlu di linu

fl/infl, t-s

Co

R

 

Sinapis arvensis L.

Brassicaceae

T scap

Stenomedit.

Cereal fields, uncultivated land, ruins—VC

Alàssani, Sinàpa sarvaggia

fl/infl, t-s

Co

R

*

Sinapis pubescens L.

Brassicaceae

Ch suffr

SW-Stenomedit.

Uncultivated dry ground, cliffs—VC

Sinacciòla, Sinàpa fimminedda

fl/infl, t-s

Co

R

 

Sisymbrium irio L.

Brassicaceae

T scap

Paleotemp.

Uncultivated land, ruins, gardens—VC

Approcchiu, Pisciacani

le

Ra/Co

R

 

Sisymbrium officinale (L.) Scop.

Brassicaceae

T scap

Paleotemp.

Antropophilous on debris and road sides—VC

Làssinu di sceccu, Mazzarèddri

fl/infl

Ra/Co

R

 

Smilax aspera L.

Smilacaceae

NP

Subtrop.

Evergreen scrubland, holm oak—VC

Gratta culu, Stràzzacausi

t-s

Co

R

 

Smyrnium olusatrum L.

Apiaceae

H bienn

Eurimedit.-Subatl.

Wet and shady uncultivated land, hedges, ruins and debris—VC

Làccia sarvaggia, Lisciànnaru

t-s

Ra/Co

VR

 

Smyrnium perfoliatum L.

Apiaceae

H bienn

Eurimedit.

Coppice and uncultivated shady ground—C

Lisciandrèddu

t-s

Ra/Co

VR

 

Smyrnium rotundifolium Mill.

Apiaceae

H bienn

S-Stenomedit.

Dry and sunny uncultivated land—C

Casese, Casesi

t-s

Ra/Co

VR

 

Solanum americanum Mill.

Solanaceae

T scap

Cosmopol.

Fields, uncultivated land, ruins—VC

Amareddri, Pumarureddi niuri

le, t-s

Co

R

 

Sonchus asper (L.) Hill subsp. asper

Asteraceae

T scap

Eurasiat.

Hoed fields, gardens, vineyards—C

Cardedda spinusa, Cardedda di scecchi

b-r, le

Co

VVC

 

Sonchus asper subsp. glaucescens (Jord.) Ball

Asteraceae

T scap

Eurasiat.

Uncultivated land mainly near the sea—R

Cardiddazza, Cardinnastra

b-r, le

Co

C

 

Sonchus oleraceus L.

Asteraceae

T scap

Eurasiat.

Fields and abandoned fields—VC

Cardedda bianca, Cardedda fimminina

b-r, le

Co

VVC

 

Sonchus tenerrimus L.

Asteraceae

T scap

Stenomedit.

Cliffs, fields, uncultivated land, urbn habitat—VC

Cardedda di muru, Cardèdda scucìvola

b-r, le

Co

VVC

 

Stellaria media subsp. cupaniana (Jord. & Fourr.) Nyman

Caryophyllaceae

T scap

Medit.

Antropogen vegetation—VC

Centocchiu

le, t-s

Co

R

 

Stellaria media (L.) Vill. subsp. media

Caryophyllaceae

T rept

Cosmopol.

Ruderal and a weed, human sites, gardens—NC

Centocchiu

t-s

Co

C

*

Sulla coronaria (L.) Medik.

Fabaceae

H scap

W-Stenomedit.

Clayey ground—C

Sudda, Suddra

t-s

Ra/Co

C

 

Taraxacum campylodes G.E.Haglund

Asteraceae

H ros

Circumbor.

Hill and mountain meadows—NC

Tarassacu, Denti di liuni

b-r

Co

C

*

Taraxacum caramanicae Lojac.

Asteraceae

H ros

Endem. Sic.

Open fields, disturbed habitat—NC

Tarassacu, Denti di liuni

b-r

Co

C

*

Taraxacum garbarianum Peruzzi, Aquaro, Caparelli & Raimondo [100]

Asteraceae

H scap

Endem. Sic.

Mountain open pastures—R

Tarassacu, Denti di liuni

b-r

Co

R

*

Taraxacum gasparrinii Lojac.

Asteraceae

H ros

W-Eurimedit.

Woods—C

Taràssacu

b-r

Co

R

*

Taraxacum minimum (Guss.) N. Terracc.

Asteraceae

H ros

Medit.

Mountain open pastures—NC

Cuddu cudduzzu, Cicòria sarvaggia

b-r

Co

R

 

Taraxacum obovatum (Willd.) DC.

Asteraceae

H ros

W-Medit.-Mont.

Meadows, road edges, disturbed habitat—C

Erba di pirnici

b-r

Co

R

*

Taraxacum siculum Soest

Asteraceae

H ros

Endem.

Wet localities with stagnant water—VR

Denti di liuni sicilianu

b-r

Co

VR

*

Teucrium fruticans L.

Lamiaceae

NP

W-Stenomedit.

Limestone cliffs near the sea—VC

Alivedda, Caca aucèddi

b-r

Co

R

 

Thlaspi perfoliatum L.

Brassicaceae

T scap

Paleotemp.

Mountain grasslands—NC

Talaspiu

t-s

Co

R

*

Tolpis umbellata Bertol.

Asteraceae

T scap

Stenomedit.

Uncultivated land, dry meadows—C

Scalurèdda

b-r

Co

R

*

Tolpis virgata (Desf.) Bertol. subsp. grandiflora (Ten.)

Asteraceae

T scap

Endem.

Uncultivated land, dry meadows—NC

Scalurèdda, Erba janca

b-r

Co

R

*

Tolpis virgata (Desf.) Bertol. subsp. virgata

Asteraceae

T scap

Stenomedit.

Uncultivated land and dry meadows—NC

Scalurèdda, Lattuchedda

b-r

Co

R

 

Tordylium apulum L.

Apiaceae

T scap

Stenomedit.

Dry meadows, cultivated and uncultivated land—VC

Spiccialiccia, Tammuridduzzi picciriddi

t-s

Ra

VR

 

Tragopogon crocifolius subsp. nebrodensis (Guss.) Raimondo

Asteraceae

T scap

Endem. Sic.

Uncultivated land, dry meadows, roadsides—R

Barbabècchi, Latti d’aceddu

le, t-s

Co

R

 

Tragopogon porrifolius L. subsp. porrifolius

Asteraceae

H bienn

Eurimedit.

Mountain pastures—VR

Latti d’aceddi, Barbabecchi

le, t-s

Co

R

 

Tragopogon porrifolius subsp. australis (Jord.) Nyman

Asteraceae

H bienn

Medit.

Uncultivated land, dry meadows, roadsides—NC

Erba di gnagnaru pilusa, Varva di beccu

le

Ra/Co

R

*

Tragopogon porrifolius subsp. cupanii (DC.) I. Richardson

Asteraceae

H bienn

Endem.

Dry meadows, uncultivated land, roadsides and field edges—NC

Varba di vecchiu

le, t-s

Co

R

*

Umbilicus horizontalis (Guss.) DC.

Crassulaceae

H rhiz

Stenomedit.

Wet and shady cliffs, old walls—VC

Paracqua, Aricchia di vecchia,

le

Ra

R

*

Umbilicus rupestris (Salisb.) Dandy

Crassulaceae

G rhiz

Stenomedit.-Atl

Wet and shady cliffs, old walls—VC

Pampina di uricchia, Uriccieddi

le

Ra

R

 

Urospermum dalechampii (L.) F. W. Schmidt

Asteraceae

H scap

Eurimedit.

Dry meadows, uncultivated land, roadsides—VC

Cicoria sarvaggia, Cuosti i porci

b-r, le

Co

VC

 

Urospermum picroides (L.) F. W. Schmidt

Asteraceae

T scap

Eurimedit.

Uncultivated land, roadsides, olive-grove, vineyards—VC

Cardiddazza spinusa

b-r, le

Co

VC

 

Urtica dioica L.

Urticaceae

H scap

Subcosmop.

Nitrophilous habitat, also in wood clearings and riverbeds—C

Ardìcula fimminedda, Lardìca sarvaggia

le

Co

C

 

Urtica membranacea Poir.

Urticaceae

T scap

S-Stenomedit.

Ruins and nitrophilous habitat—VC

Addrìcula, Ziculièdda

le

Co

C

 

Urtica pilulifera L.

Urticaceae

T scap

S-Stenomedit.

Ruins and nitrophilous habitat—VC

Ardicula masculina

le

Co

R

 

Urtica urens L.

Urticaceae

T scap

Subcosmop.

In disturbed habitat, nitrophilous and often urophilous species—C

Ardiculèdda fimminedda, Ddìcula

le

Co

C

 

Valerianella eriocarpa Desv.

Valerianaceae

T scap

Stenomedit.

A weed to sown lands, uncultivated land, pastures—VC

Gaddinedda, Per’i ciocca

le, t-s

Ra/Co

R

 

Valerianella locusta (L.) Laterr.

Valerianaceae

T scap

Eurimedit.

Acid meadows—NC

Gaddinedda, Spezzaquartàri

le, t-s

Ra/Co

R

 

Veronica anagallis-aquatica L. var. anagallis-aquatica [100]

Scrophulariaceae

H scap

Cosmopol.

Ditches, banks—VC

Crisciunèddu, Erva di tràcina

le

Ra

R

*

Xanthium strumarium L. subsp. strumarium

Asteraceae

T scap

America

Ruins, debris, uncultivated dry ground—VC

Aggruppa cudi, Bardana minuri

b-r

Co

R

*

Xanthium orientale subsp. italicum (Moretti) Greuter

Asteraceae

T scap

N-Eurimedit.

Uncultivated land, ruins near the sea—VC

Aggruppa cudi, Bardana minuri

b-r

Co

R

  1. Asterisk indicates taxa used only in Sicily as vegetable
  2. Ch frut fruticose chamaephytes, Ch suffr suffruticose chamaephytes, G bulb bulbous geophytes, G rad root-budding geophyte, G rhiz rhizome-geophytes, H bienn biennial hemicryptophytes, H caesp caespitose hemicryptophytes, H rhiz rhizomatous hemicryptophytes, H ros rosette hemicryptophytes, H scand hemicryptophytes scandentia, H scap scapose hemicryptophytes, He helophytes, NP nanophanerophytes, P caesp caespitose phanerophytes, P lian lianous phanerophytes, P scap scapose phanerophytes, P succ succulent phanerophytes, T rept reptant therophytes, T ros rosette therophytes, T scap scapose therophytes, Asiat. Asiatic, Atl. Atlantic, C- Central, Caucas. Caucasic, Circumbor. Circumboreal, Cosmopol. Cosmopolite, E East, Endem. Endemic, Eurimedit. Euri-mediterranean, Europ. European, Eurosib. Eurosiberian, Macaron. Macaronesian, Medit. Mediterranean, Mont. Montane, N North, Orient. Oriental, Orof. Orofitic, Paleotemp. Paleotemperate, S South, Saharo-Sind. Saharo-Sindic, Sic. Sicilian, Stenomedit. Stenomediterranean, Subtrop. Subtropical, Trop. Tropical, Turan. Turanian, W West
  3. ab-r—basal rosettes, bu.—bulbs, fl/infl—flowers/inflorescences, fl-b—flower buds, fr—portion of the fruits, le—leaves, ro—roots/tubers, st-j—stem juice and flower juice (nectar), t-s—tender shoots, including aerial parts, tender parts, tender stems, young shoots)
  4. bRa—raw, Co—cooked, Ra/Co—raw and cooked
  5. cVVC—widely common, cited by more than 75% (n > 735) of the informants; VC—Very common, 50–75% (n = 490–735) of the informants; C—common, 20–50% (n = 196–490) of the informants; R—rare, 5–20% (n = 49–196) of the informants; VR—very rare, less than 5% (n < 49) of the informants