Table 2 List of plant taxa identified in n= 16 FHGs in 1998 and 2013

Acer platanoides L.

Norway Maple

0

0

1

1

Achillea filipendulina Lam.

Fernleaf Yerrow

0

0

1

1

Achillea millefolium L.

Common Yerrow

0

0

3

1

Achillea ptarmica L.

Sneezewort

10

4

14

3

Aconitum napellus L.

Garden Monkshoot

0

0

1

1

Aegopodium podagraria L.

Ground Elder

0

0

100

1

Agastache foeniculum (Pursh) Kuntze

Anise Hyssop

1

1

0

0

Agrostemma githago L.

Corn Cockle

5

1

0

0

Alcea rosea L.

Hollyhock

0

0

20

2

Alchemilla L. sp.

Lady's Mantle

0

0

1

1

Allium cepa L. Aggregatum Grp.

Shallot

24

1

0

0

Allium cepa L. Cepa Grp.

Onion

710

11

428

8

Allium fistulosum L.

Welsh Onion

6

1

13

2

Allium porrum L. var. porrum

Leek

151

9

204

11

Allium ramosum L.

Fragrant Garlic

1

1

0

0

Allium sativum L. var. sativum

Common Garlic

110

3

0

0

Allium schoenoprasum L. var. schoenoprasum

Chives

521

16

342

16

Allium tuberosum Rottler ex Spreng.

Oriental Garlic

0

0

11

2

Allium ursinum L.

Wood Garlic

0

0

6

2

Althaea officinalis L.

White Mallow

6

6

5

4

Amaranthus caudatus L.

Love Lies Bleeding

3

1

0

0

Anacyclus L. sp.

Anacyclus

1

1

0

0

Anemone coronaria L.

Windflower

0

0

3

1

Anethum graveolens L. var. hortorum Alef.

Dill

3

2

0

0

Antirrhinum majus L.

Snapdragon

41

4

17

3

Apium graveolens L. var. rapaceum (Mill.) Gaudin

Turnip -rooted Celery

100

8

41

6

Apium graveolens L. var. secalinum Alef.

Chinese Celery

16

2

0

0

Aquilegia L. Cultivars

Columbine

10

5

1

1

Aquilegia vulgaris L.

Columbine

0

0

19

4

Armoracia rusticana P.Gaertn., B.Mey. et Scherb.

Horseradish

7

5

47

3

Arnica montana L.

Mountain Arnica

0

0

6

1

Artemisia abrotanum L.

Southernwood

2

2

1

1

Artemisia absinthium L.

Common Wormwood

3

3

10

4

Artemisia dracunculus L.

Tarragon

3

2

1

1

Artemisia vulgaris L.

Mugwort

1

1

1

1

Aruncus dioicus (Walter) Fernald var. dioicus

Goat's Beard

1

1

0

0

Asparagus officinalis L.

Sparrow Grass

8

5

3

2

Aster amellus L.

Italian Aster

2

1

0

0

Aster cordifolius L.

Blue Wood Aster

1

1

2

1

Aster dumosus L.

Bushy Aster

5

4

0

0

Aster novae-angliae L.

New England Aster

8

2

8

2

Aster novae-belgii L.

Michaelmas Daisy

3

2

20

4

Aster tongolensis Franch.

Aster

1

1

0

0

Astilbe Buch.-Ham. Ex D. Don sp.

False Buck's Beard

2

1

0

0

Aubrieta Adans. Cultivars

Aubrietia

2

2

1

1

Bellis perennis L.

Daisy

70

1

16

2

Beta vulgaris L. ssp. vulgaris var. rapacea K.Koch

Beet

60

1

0

0

Beta vulgaris L. ssp. vulgaris var. vulgaris

Beetroot

476

12

166

7

Beta vulgaris ssp. cicla (L.) W.D.J. Koch var. cicla

Foliage Beet

27

4

23

3

Borago officinalis L.

Borage

7

1

36

3

Brassica napus L. ssp. rapifera (Metzg.) Sinskaya

Swedish Turnip

40

1

0

0

Brassica oleracea L. var. botrytis L.

Cauliflower

221

8

9

3

Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata (L.) Alef.

Cabbage

378

11

137

7

Brassica oleracea L. var. gemmifera (DC.) Zenker

Brussels Sprouts

3

2

45

1

Brassica oleracea L. var. gongylodes L.

Turnip Kale

194

8

114

10

Brassica oleracea L. var. italica Plenck

Broccoli

20

2

20

4

Brassica oleracea L. var. sabauda L.

Savoy Cabbage

41

4

11

3

Brassica rapa L. ssp. pekinensis (Lour.) Hanelt

Chinese Cabbage

0

0

4

1

Brassica rapa L. ssp. rapa L.

Turnip

122

2

31

2

Buxus sempervirens L.

Common Box

4

3

21

3

Calendula L. sp.

Marigold

2

1

0

0

Calendula officinalis L.

Scotch Marigold

280

6

159

7

Callistephus chinensis (L.) Nees

China Aster

76

5

4

1

Calystegia sepium (L.) R. Br.

Bindweed

0

0

1

1

Campanula carpatica Jacq.

Carpathian Harebell

1

1

0

0

Campanula glomerata L.

Clustered Bellflower

8

3

0

0

Campanula L. sp.

Bellflower

0

0

1

1

Campanula persicifolia L.

Peach Leaved Bellflower

1

1

1

1

Cannabis sativa L.

Hemp

100

1

0

0

Capsicum annuum L.

Red Pepper

24

1

2

1

Capsicum frutescens L.

Hot Pepper

0

0

1

1

Carum carvi L.

Caraway

100

1

0

0

Centaurea cyanus L.

Cornflower

12

3

0

0

Centaurea montana L.

Perennial Cornflower

2

2

0

0

Cerastium tomentosum L.

Snow-in-Summer

3

2

4

1

Chelidonium majus L.

Greater Celadine

1

1

0

0

Chrysanthemum x grandiflorum (Ramat.) Kitam.

Chrysanthemum

1

1

0

0

Cichorium endivia L. var. crispum Lam.

Endive

15

1

3

1

Cichorium endivia L. var. latifolium Lam.

Escarole

105

4

6

2

Cichorium intybus L. var. foliosum Hegi

Chicory Radiccio

70

1

45

3

Clarkia amoena (Lehm.) A. Nelson e J.F.Macbr.

Satin Flower

10

1

0

0

Convallaria majalis L.

Lily-of-the-Valley

0

0

53

4

Convolvulus tricolor L.

Dwarf Morning Glory

3

2

0

0

Coriandrum sativum L.

Chinese Parsley

0

0

5

1

Cosmos bipinnatus Cav.

Garden Cosmos

90

4

0

0

Cucumis sativus L.

Cucumber

16

2

13

4

Cucurbita maxima Duchesne ex Lam.

Pumpkin

0

0

16

5

Cucurbita pepo L.

Courgette

15

4

21

8

Cytisus scoparius (L.) Link

Broom

0

0

1

1

Dahlia Cav. Cultivars

Dahlia

30

5

24

6

Daucus carota L. ssp. sativus (Hoffm.) Schübl. et G. Martens

Carrot

1746

9

1318

10

Delphinium L. Cultivars

Larkspur

4

3

0

0

Deutzia Thunb. sp.

Deutsia

1

1

0

0

Dianthus barbatus L.

Sweet William

186

9

52

5

Dianthus caryophyllus L.

Carnation

36

4

3

2

Dianthus chinensis L.

Annual Pink

9

2

0

0

Dianthus deltoides L.

Maiden Pink

0

0

1

1

Dianthus gratianopolitanus Vill.

Cheddar Pink

3

2

0

0

Dianthus L. sp.

Carnation

0

0

1

1

Dianthus plumarius L.

Pink

2

1

0

0

Dianthus seguieri Vill.

0

0

2

2

Dicentra Borkh. ex Bernh. Cultivars

Bleeding Heart

8

8

5

3

Digitalis purpurea L.

Foxglove

0

0

1

1

Doronicum L. sp.

Leopard's Bane

6

4

11

2

Dorotheanthus bellidiformis (Burm. F.) N.E.Br.

Livingstone Daisy

4

1

0

0

Echinops bannaticus Rochel ex Schrad.

Blue Globe Thistle

2

2

2

2

Epilobium angustifolium L.

Fire Weed

3

1

0

0

Erigeron annuus (L.) Pers.

Annual Fleabane

0

0

1

1

Erigeron L. Cultivars

Fleabane

1

1

0

0

Eruca sativa Mill.

Rocket Salad

0

0

115

6

Eryngium planum L.

Sea Holly

3

2

0

0

Eschscholzia californica Cham.

California Poppy

2

1

1

1

Euonymus europaeus L.

Common Spindle

0

0

1

1

Euphorbia amygdaloides L.

Wood Spurge

2

1

0

0

Euphorbia helioscopia L.

Sun Spurge

0

0

1

1

Filipendula ulmaria (L.) Maxim.

Meadow Sweet

0

0

1

1

Foeniculum vulgare Mill. ssp. vulgare var. azoricum (Mill.) Thell.

Florence Fennel

8

1

7

1

Forsythia Vahl Cultivars

Forsythia

0

0

1

1

Fragaria vesca L. var. vesca

Wild Strawberry

0

0

33

3

Fragaria vesca L. var. hortensis (Duchesne) Staudt

Strawberry

12

1

0

0

Fragaria x ananassa (Duchesne) Guédès

Garden Strawberry

324

8

182

10

Fraxinus excelsior L.

Common Ash

0

0

1

1

Fritillaria imperialis L.

Fritillary

2

1

0

0

Galinsoga ciliata (Raf.) S.F. Blake

Shaggy Soldier

0

0

25

1

Galium aparine L.

Goosegrass

0

0

30

1

Galium odoratum (L.) Scop

Sweet Woodruff

4

1

1

1

Geranium L. sp.

Crane's Bill

1

1

0

0

Geranium robertianum L.

Herb Robert

0

0

20

1

Geum L. Cultivars

Avens

9

2

5

2

Gladiolus L. Cultivars

Gladiolus

200

6

75

4

Glebionis segetum (L.) Fourr.

Corn Marigold

7

1

3

1

Glechoma hederacea L.

Ground Ivy

0

0

40

1

Gynostemma pentaphyllum (Thunb.) Makino

Jiaogulan

0

0

1

1

Gypsophila muralis L.

Cushion Baby's Breath

0

0

1

1

Gypsophila paniculata L.

Baby's Breath

2

2

2

1

Hebe Comm. Ex Juss. Cultivars

Hedge Veronica

0

0

1

1

Helianthus annuus L.

Common Sunflower

39

2

25

3

Helianthus pauciflorus Nutt.

Pauciflorus

15

1

27

1

Helianthus tuberosus L.

Jerusalem Artichoke

0

0

20

3

Heliopsis helianthoides (L.) Sweet var. scabra (Dunal) Fernald

Ox Eye

1

1

6

2

Hemerocallis fulva (L.) L.

Orange Daylily

0

0

10

4

Hemerocallis L. Cultivars

Daylily

5

3

14

5

Heracleum sphondylium L.

Hogweed

0

0

1

1

Humulus lupulus L.

Common Hop

0

0

1

1

Hydrangea L. Cultivars

Hydrangea

1

1

5

3

Hypericum perforatum L.

St. John's Wort

2

2

8

2

Hyssopus officinalis L.

Hyssop

1

1

2

2

Iberis amara L.

Wild Candytuft

3

1

0

0

Iris pumila L. Cultivars

Dwarf Flag

10

1

31

1

Iris sibirica L. Cultivars

Siberian Iris

2

2

0

0

Iris x germanica L. Cultivars

Common Iris

27

6

42

4

Juniperus communis L.

Common Juniper

1

1

0

0

Laburnum anagyroides Medik.

Common Laburnum

1

1

0

0

Lactuca sativa L. var. capitata L.

Cabbage Lettuce

437

16

425

14

Lactuca sativa L. var. crispa L.

Leaf Lettuce

90

6

26

9

Lamium album L.

White Dead Nettle

0

0

30

1

Lamium purpureum L.

Purple Archangel

0

0

13

1

Lavandula angustifolia Mill.

English Lavender

4

3

5

3

Leontopodium nivale (Ten.) A. Huet ex Hand.-Mazz.

Edelweiss

2

2

11

2

Leonurus cardiaca L.

Motherwort

0

0

5

1

Lepidium sativum L.

Garden Cress

18

4

100

1

Leucanthemum heterophyllum (Willd.) DC.

Oxeye Daisy

0

0

1

1

Leucanthemum ircutianum DC.

Oxeye Daisy

0

0

2

1

Leucanthemum Mill. sp.

Oxeye Daisy

8

4

34

3

Levisticum officinale W.D.J. Koch

Lovage

9

9

11

11

Liatris spicata (L.) Willd.

Button Snakeroot

1

1

0

0

Lilium bulbiferum L.

Fire Lily

6

3

8

2

Lilium candidum L.

Madonna Lily

0

0

9

1

Lilium L. Cultivars

Lily

20

6

45

6

Lilium lancifolium Thunb.

Tiger Lily

0

0

10

1

Lilium martagon L.

Martagon Lily

1

1

0

0

Limonium Mill. sp.

Sea Lavender

20

3

2

1

Linaria maroccana Hook.

Baby Snapdragon

4

1

0

0

Linum grandiflorum Desf.

Red Flax

4

1

60

1

Linum usitatissimum L.

Common Flax

200

1

0

0

Lobularia maritima (L.) Desv.

Sweet Alsion

5

1

0

0

Lonicera caprifolium L. sp.

Honeysuckle

0

0

1

1

Lunaria annua L.

Annual Honesty

1

1

0

0

Lupinus L. Cultivars

Garden Lupin

13

4

8

4

Lycium barbarum L.

Box Thorn

0

0

2

1

Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.

Tomato

9

2

21

4

Lysimachia punctata L.

Dotted Loosestrife

19

5

11

6

Mahonia aquifolium (Pursh) Nutt.

Oregon Grape

1

1

0

0

Malus domestica Borkh.

Apple

2

1

5

2

Malva neglecta Wallr.

Common Mallow

4

1

2

1

Malva sylvestris L. ssp. mauritiana (L.) Boiss. Ex Cout.

Mallow

2

1

0

0

Malva sylvestris L. ssp. sylvestris

Blue Mallow

0

0

1

1

Malva verticillata L.

Curled Mallow

0

0

13

1

Marrubium vulgare L.

Common Horehound

2

1

0

0

Matricaria discoidea DC.

False Chamomile

0

0

23

1

Matricaria recutita L.

Chamomile

82

8

83

6

Mauranthemum paludosum (Poir.) Vogt et Oberpr.

2

1

0

0

Medicago lupulina L.

Black Medick

0

0

3

1

Melissa officinalis L.

Lemon Balm

5

3

11

5

Mentha L. sp.

Mint

10

3

5

1

Mentha longifolia (L.) L.

Horse Mint

1

1

0

0

Mentha spicata L.

Spearmint

0

0

1

1

Mentha suaveolens Ehrh.

Apple Mint

3

2

46

4

Mentha x piperita L.

Peppermint

6

2

14

4

Mirabilis jalapa L.

Four O'Clock Plant

5

1

0

0

Monarda L. Cultivars

Beebalm

3

1

3

3

Myosotis L. sp.

Forget-me-not

6

3

1

1

Nepeta cataria L.

Cat Mint

5

4

7

5

Ocimum basilicum L.

Basil

0

0

33

5

Origanum majorana L.

Sweet Marjoram

11

4

7

5

Origanum vulgare L.

Oregano

3

1

9

5

Osteospermum L. Cultivars

African Daisy

0

0

9

1

Paeonia lactiflora Pall. Cultivars

Common Garden Peony

34

11

27

8

Paeonia officinalis L.

Common Peony

16

8

3

3

Papaver nudicaule L.

Iceland Poppy

2

1

9

1

Papaver orientale L.

Oriental Poppy

1

1

3

2

Papaver somniferum L. ssp. setigerum (DC.) Corb.

Poppy

0

0

2

1

Papaver somniferum L. ssp. somniferum

Opium Poppy

1

1

0

0

Persicaria lapathifolia (L.) Delarbre

Pale Persicaria

0

0

1

1

Petroselinum crispum (Mill.) Fuss

Parsley

44

12

496

11

Phaseolus vulgaris L. var. nanus (L.) G. Martens

Dwarf Bean

457

7

460

6

Phaseolus vulgaris L. var. vulgaris

French Bean

20

1

38

3

Philadelphus L. Cultivars

Mock Orange

1

1

1

1

Phlox paniculata L.

Garden Phlox

20

7

45

10

Phlox subulata L.

Moss Phlox

7

2

0

0

Physalis alkekengi L.

Chinese Lantern Plant

5

1

0

0

Physostegia virginiana (L.) Benth.

Obedient Plant

6

2

1

1

Pinus cembra L.

Arolla Pine

2

1

2

1

Pisum sativum L. ssp. sativum

Garden Pea

746

7

65

2

Plantago lanceolata L.

English Plantain

1

1

9

1

Plantago major L.

Common Plantain

0

0

25

1

Polemonium L. Cultivars

Jacob's Ladder

0

0

1

1

Potentilla fruticosa L.

1

1

0

0

Prunus armeniaca L.

Apricot

0

0

1

1

Prunus avium (L.) L.

Gean

0

0

2

2

Prunus domestica L.

Plum

1

1

8

1

Prunus triloba Lindl.

Flowering Almond

0

0

1

1

Psyllium Mill. sp.

Plantain

3

1

0

0

Pulmonaria officinalis L.

Lungwort

0

0

1

1

Pyrus communis L.

Common Pear

1

1

1

1

Raphanus sativus L. var. niger (Mill.) J.Kern.

Oriental Radish

30

1

0

0

Raphanus sativus L. var. sativus

Small Radish

310

9

231

7

Rheum rhabarbarum L.

Garden Rhubarb

10

7

5

5

Ribes nigrum L.

Blackcurrant

6

2

28

6

Ribes rubrum L.

Red Currant; White Currant

29

4

45

8

Ribes uva-crispa L.

Gooseberry

0

0

3

2

Ribes x nidigrolaria Rud. Bauer et A. Bauer

1

1

9

1

Rosa L. Cultivars

Rose

20

10

21

9

Rosa L. sp.

Rose

0

0

2

2

Rosa x alba L.

White Rose

1

1

0

0

Rosa x centifolia L.

Rose

4

3

3

2

Rosmarinus officinalis L.

Rosemary

1

1

6

5

Rubus idaeus L.

Raspberry

9

5

42

5

Rubus L. sect. Rubus

0

0

1

1

Rudbeckia hirta L.

Black-Eyed Susan

0

0

50

1

Rudbeckia laciniata L.

Cutleaf Coneflower

1

1

0

0

Rumex obtusifolius L.

Bitter Dock

0

0

8

1

Ruta graveolens L.

Rue

0

0

2

2

Sagina subulata (Sm.) C. Presl

Pearlwort

5

1

0

0

Salvia officinalis L.

Common Sage

6

6

8

8

Sambucus nigra L.

Common Elder

0

0

1

1

Sanguisorba minor Scop.

Small Burnet

2

1

0

0

Santolina chamaecyparissus L.

Lavender Cotton

0

0

1

1

Satureja hortensis L.

Summer Savory

10

1

2

2

Satureja montana L.

Winter Savory

1

1

1

1

Saxifraga L. Cultivars

Saxifrage

4

2

0

0

Scorzonera hispanica L.

Black Salsify

8

1

0

0

Sedum acre L.

Wall Pepper

0

0

1

1

Sedum cauticola Praeger

Stonecrop

2

1

0

0

Sedum hispanicum L.

Stonecrop

9

3

0

0

Sedum L. sp.

Stonecrop

0

0

1

1

Sedum spurium M. Bieb

Two Row Stonecrop

3

2

4

2

Sedum telephium L.

Stonecrop

3

2

2

2

Silene chalcedonica (L.) E.H.L. Krause

Maltese Cross

0

0

1

1

Silene coronaria (L.) Clairv.

Crown Pink

0

0

1

1

Silene latifolia Poir.

White Campion

5

1

0

0

Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn.

Our Lady's Thistle

0

0

1

1

Solanum tuberosum L.

Potato

590

4

220

5

Solidago canadensis L.

Canada Goldenrod

3

2

5

1

Sorbus aucuparia L.

Mountain Ash

1

1

1

1

Spinacia oleracea L.

Spinach

16

3

38

2

Spiraea japonica L.

Japanese Meadowsweet

1

1

3

2

Spiraea L. sp

Bridewort

1

1

1

1

Stellaria media (L.) Vill.

Common Chickweed

0

0

60

1

Symphoricarpos albus (L.) S.F. Blake

Snowberry

4

2

5

2

Symphytum asperum Lepech.

Rough Comfrey

0

0

1

1

Symphytum officinale L.

Common Comfrey

2

1

13

6

Syringa vulgaris L.

Common Lilac

6

2

4

3

Tagetes L. sp.

Marigold

94

5

13

4

Tanacetum coccineum (Willd.) Grierson

Painted Daisy

2

2

0

0

Tanacetum parthenium (L.) Sch. Bip.

Feverfew

1

1

4

3

Tanacetum vulgare L.

Tansy

1

1

2

2

Taraxacum sect. Ruderalia Kirschner

Dandelion

0

0

20

1

Thuja occidentalis L.

Red Cedar

0

0

4

2

Thymus pulegioides L.

Thyme

0

0

3

2

Thymus vulgaris L.

Common Thyme

4

2

3

3

Thymus x citriodorus (Pers.) Schreb.

Lemon Thyme

1

1

1

1

Tilia cordata Mill.

Little Leaf Linden

1

1

0

0

Tilia platyphyllos Scop.

Large Leaved Lime

1

1

0

0

Tradescantia x andersoniana W. Ludw. et Rohweder

White Spiderwort

1

1

0

0

Trifolium pratense L.

Red Clover

0

0

30

1

Trigonella caerulea (L.) Ser.

Fenugreek

21

2

3

3

Tropaeolum majus L.

Nasturtium

41

5

28

3

Tussilago farfara L.

Coltsfoot

0

0

5

1

Urtica dioica L.

Stinging Nettle

10

1

43

4

Vaccinium corymbosum L.

High Bush Blueberry

4

1

4

2

Valeriana officinalis L.

Common Valerian

3

2

1

1

Valerianella locusta (L.) Laterr.

Cornsalad

9

1

21

1

Verbascum densiflorum Bertol.

Large-flowered Mullein

0

0

6

3

Verbascum olympicum Boiss.

Olympic Mullein

2

1

0

0

Verbena officinalis L.

Turkey Grass

2

1

0

0

Viburnum lantana L.

Wayfaring Tree

0

0

1

1

Viburnum opulus L.

European Cranberrybush

0

0

2

2

Vicia faba L.

Broad Bean

150

1

0

0

Vicia sepium L.

Bush Vetch

0

0

5

1

Vinca minor L.

Smaller Periwinkle

0

0

10

5

Viola arvensis Murray

European Field Pansy

0

0

1

1

Viola x wittrockiana Gams ex Kappert

Garden Pansy

24

4

15

2

Vitis vinifera L. ssp. vinifera

Common Grape Vine

0

0

5

2

Weigelia Thunb. Cultivars

Weigela

0

0

1

1

Xerochrysum bracteatum (Vent.) Tzvelev

Straw Daisy

20

2

5

2

Zinnia elegans Jacq.

Youh-and-Old-Age

87

4

8

2