Table 3 Checklist of fodder plant species consumed by cattle in Benin
From: Breeders’ knowledge on cattle fodder species preference in rangelands of Benin
Family | Species (voucher number) | FVPW | Palatability | Lifespan | RFC | LF | PP | Season | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Acanthaceae | Asystasia gangetica (L.) T. Anderson (MAS 937) | 6 | * | Per | – | Herb | LS | D | W |
Justicia flava (Forssk.) Vahl (MAS 935) | 6 | *** | Per | – | Herb | LS | D | W | |
Monechma ciliatum (Jacq.) Milne-Redh. (MAS 603) | 13 | ** | Ann | 0.98 | Herb | LS | D | W | |
Nelsonia canescens (Lam.) Spreng. (MAS 1074) | 13 | ** | Ann | – | Liana | LS | DR | W | |
Amaranthaceae | Alternanthera sessilis (L.) R.Br. ex Roth (MAS 1502) | 0 | – | Per | 0.87 | Liana | LS | D | W |
Amaranthus spinosus L. (MAS 275) | 6 | ** | Ann | – | Herb | LS | D | W | |
Celosia argentea L. (MAS 102) | 25 | ** | Ann | – | Herb | Le | R | W | |
Pupalia lappacea (L.) Juss. (MAS 551) | 13 | ** | Per | – | Herb | LS | DR | W | |
Anacardiaceae | Anacardium occidentale L. (MAS 288) | 0 | – | Per | 0.57 | Shrub | Le | D | WC |
Lannea acida A.Rich. s.l. (MAS 1010) | 3 | * | Per | 0.41 | Tree | Le | D | W | |
Mangifera indica L. | 19 | ** | Per | – | Tree | Le, Fr | D | W | |
Annonaceae | Annona senegalensis Pers. (MAS 196) | 9 | * | Per | 2.21 | Shrub | Le | D | W |
Araliaceae | Cussonia arborea Hochst. ex A. Rich. (MAS 344) | 6 | * | Per | 0.39 | Tree | Le | D | W |
Arecaceae | Elaeis guineensis Jacq. | 3 | * | Per | – | Tree | Le | DR | C |
Asclepiadaceae | Periploca nigrescens Afzel. (MAS 297) | 6 | ** | Per | – | Liana | LS | DR | W |
Asparagaceae | Asparagus africanus Lam. (MAS 49) | 3 | * | Ann | – | Herb | LS | R | W |
Asteraceae | Acanthospermum hispidum DC. (MAS 181) | 0 | – | Ann | 1.23 | Herb | LS | R | W |
Ageratum conyzoides L. (MAS 127) | 0 | – | Ann | 0.28 | Herb | LS | D | W | |
Aspilia africana (Pers.) Adams (MAS 42) | 6 | * | Per | – | Herb | LS | R | W | |
Aspilia bussei O.Hoffm. & Muschl. (MAS 793) | 0 | – | Per | 0.39 | Herb | LS | DR | W | |
Aspilia helianthoides (Schumach. & Thonn.) Olïv. & Diern (MAS 173) | 9 | * | Ann | – | Herb | LS | DR | W | |
Chromolaena odorata (L.) R.M.King (MAS 96) | 22 | * | Per | – | Herb | LS | DR | W | |
Launaea taraxacifolia (Willd.) Amin ex C.Jeffrey (MAS 828) | 6 | ** | Ann | – | Herb | LS | DR | WC | |
Tridax procumbens L. (MAS 818) | 19 | ** | viv | 0.90 | Herb | LS | DR | W | |
Vernonia colorata (WilId.) Drake (MAS 265) | 6 | * | Ann | – | Shrub | Le | D | W | |
Bignoniaceae | Newbouldia laevis (P.Beauv.) Seemann ex Bureau (MAS 62) | 3 | * | Ann | – | Shrub | Le | DR | W |
Bignoniaceae | Stereospermum kunthianum Cham. (MAS 454) | 3 | ** | Per | 0.39 | Tree | Le | D | W |
Bombacaceae | Adansonia digitata L. (MAS 176) | 0 | – | Per | 1.23 | Tree | Le | DR | W |
Bombax costatum Pellegr. & Vuillet (MAS 167) | 0 | – | Per | 0.26 | Tree | Le | D | W | |
Capparaceae | Cleome viscosa L. (MAS 892) | 9 | * | Ann | 0.39 | Herb | LS | R | W |
Celastraceae | Gymnosporia senegalensis (Lam.) Loes. (MAS 1038) | 13 | * | Per | – | Shrub | LS | D | W |
Chrysobalanaceae | Parinari curatellifolia Planch. ex Benth. (MAS 487) | 0 | – | Per | 0.64 | Shrub | Le, Fr | DR | W |
Cochlospermaceae | Cochlospermum planchoni Hook.f. (MAS 301) | 22 | ** | Ann | – | Herb | Le, Fr | R | W |
Cochlospermum tinctorium A.Rich. (MAS 875) | 9 | * | Ann | – | Herb | Le | DR | W | |
Combretaceae | Anogeissus leiocarpa (De.) Guill. & Perr. (MAS 640) | 25 | ** | Per | 3.16 | Tree | Le | D | W |
Combretum collinum Fresen. (MAS 789) | 0 | – | Per | 0.77 | Tree | Le | R | W | |
Combretum mucronatum Schumach. & Thonn. (MAS 302) | 16 | ** | Per | – | Liana | LS | D | W | |
Combretum nigricans Lepr. ex Guill. & Perr. (MAS 1221) | 0 | – | Per | 1.08 | Tree | Le | D | W | |
Combretum paniculatum Vent. (MAS 593) | 3 | * | Per | – | Liana | LS | DR | W | |
Pteleopsis suberosa Engl. & Diels (MAS 700) | 13 | ** | Per | – | Shrub | Le | R | W | |
Terminalia avicennioides Guill. & Perr. (MAS 696) | 6 | * | Per | 0.51 | Shrub | Le | D | W | |
Terminalia laxiflora Engl. (MAS 1390) | 3 | * | Per | – | Shrub | Le | D | W | |
Terminalia macroptera Guill. & Perr. (MAS 229) | 3 | * | Per | 0.13 | Shrub | Le | DR | W | |
Commelinaceae | Commelina benghalensis L. (MAS 52) | 0 | – | Per | 0.64 | Herb | WP | D | W |
Commelina erecta L. (MAS 79) | 9 | ** | Per | – | Herb | LS | R | W | |
Commelina forskalaei Vahl (MAS 177) | 0 | – | Per | 0.15 | Herb | WP | R | W | |
Connaraceae | Rourea coccinea (Thonn. ex Schumach.) Benth. (MAS 15) | 19 | ** | Ann | – | Shrub | LS | DR | W |
Convolvulaceae | Hewittia scandes (Milne) Mabberley (MAS 884) | 25 | * | Per | – | Herb | LS | D | W |
Ipomoea involucrata P. Beauv. (MAS 917) | 6 | ** | Ann | – | Herb | LS | D | W | |
Merremia pinnata (Hochst. ex Choisy) Hallier (MAS 553) | 12 | * | Ann | – | Herb | LS | R | W | |
Cucurbitaceae | Momordica charantia L. (MAS 1052) | 0 | – | Per | 0.64 | Liana | LS | D | W |
Cyperaceae | Cyperus difformis L. (MAS 738) | 3 | * | Ann | – | Herb | WP | D | W |
Cyperus rotundus L. (MAS 430) | 1 | * | Per | – | Herb | Le | DR | W | |
Cyperaceae | Cyperus sphacelatus L. (MAS 550) | 0 | – | Ann | 0.46 | Herb | WP | R | W |
Discoreaceae | Dioscorea cayenensis Lam. (MAS 146) | 3 | * | Ann | – | Herb | Le | DR | WC |
Ebenaceae | Diospyros mespiliformis Hochst. ex A.DC. (MAS 628) | 0 | – | Per | 0.31 | Tree | Le | D | W |
Euphorbiaceae | Alchornea cordifolia (Schumach. & Thonn.) Müll.Arg. (MAS 915) | 6 | * | Per | – | Shrub | Le | D | W |
Antidesma venosum E.Mey. ex Tul. (MAS 386) | 13 | * | Per | – | Shrub | Le | D | W | |
Euphorbiaceae | Bridelia ferruginea Benth. (MAS 180) | 19 | ** | Per | 1.16 | Shrub | Le, Fr | D | W |
Euphorbia convolvuloides Hochst. ex Benth. (MAS 446) | 13 | * | Ann | – | Herb | LS | R | W | |
Flueggea virosa (Roxb. ex Willd.) Voigt (MAS 607) | 47 | *** | Per | 5.14 | Shrub | LS | D | W | |
Hymenocardia acida Tul. (MAS 815) | 13 | ** | Per | 0.26 | Shrub | Le | DR | W | |
Jatropha gossypiifolia L. (MAS 330) | 3 | * | Per | – | Shrub | LS | D | W | |
Mallotus oppositifolius (Geisel.) Müll.Arg. (MAS 254) | 6 | ** | Per | 0.77 | Shrub | LS | D | W | |
Manihot esculenta Crantz | 13 | ** | Per | 0.31 | Shrub | Le, tub | D | C | |
Margaritaria discoidea (Baill.) Webster (MAS 292) | 9 | * | Per | – | Tree | Le | DR | W | |
Phyllanthus amarus Schumach. & Thonn. (MAS 184) | 31 | ** | Per | – | Herb | LS | D | W | |
Phyllanthus muellerianus (Kuntze) Exell (MAS 233) | 19 | ** | Ann | 1.08 | Liana | LS | DR | W | |
Flacourtiaceae | Flacourtia indica (Burm.f.) Merr. (MAS 212) | 6 | * | Per | – | Shrub | Le | D | W |
Lamiaceae | Hyptis suaveolens (L.) Poit. (MAS 541) | 6 | * | Ann | 0.62 | Herb | LS, Fl | R | W |
Leucas martinicensis (Jacq.) R.Br. (MAS 502) | 6 | * | Ann | – | Herb | LS, Fl | R | W | |
Leg-Caesalpinioideae | Afzelia africana Sm. (MAS 162) | 16 | *** | Per | 1.59 | Herb | Le | DR | W |
Burkea africana Hook. (MAS 163) | 0 | – | Per | 0.41 | Tree | Le | DR | W | |
Cassia sieberiana DC. (MAS 209) | 0 | – | Per | 0.77 | Shrub | LS | R | W | |
Chamaecrista mimosoides (L.) Greene (MAS 258) | 9 | * | Ann | – | Herb | LS | R | W | |
Chamaecrista rotundifolia (Pers.) Greene (MAS 416) | 16 | ** | Ann | 0.51 | Herb | WP | D | W | |
Daniellia oliveri (Rolfe) Hutch. & Dalziel (MAS 123) | 0 | – | Per | 1.34 | Tree | Le, Fl, Fr | D | W | |
Detarium microcarpum Guill. & Perr. (MAS 218) | 6 | ** | Per | 1.44 | Tree | LS | R | W | |
Dialium guineense WiIld. (MAS 1045) | 3 | * | Per | – | Tree | Le | DR | W | |
Isoberlinia doka Craib & Stapf (MAS 173) | 0 | – | Per | 0.28 | Tree | Le | R | W | |
Piliostigma thonningii (Schumach.) Milne-Redh. (MAS 322) | 31 | ** | Per | 2.83 | Tree | Le, Fr | D | W | |
Senna hirsuta (L.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby (MAS 488) | 6 | ** | Ann | – | Herb | LS | D | W | |
Senna obtusifolia (L.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby (MAS 359) | 3 | * | Per | – | Herb | Le | R | W | |
Senna occidentalis (L.) Link (MAS 812) | 3 | * | Ann | – | Herb | LS | R | W | |
Senna siamea (Lam.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby (MAS 336) | 9 | ** | Ann | – | Tree | Le | DR | W | |
Leg-Mimosoideae | Acacia auriculiformis A.Cunn. ex Benth. (MAS 27) | 6 | ** | Per | – | Tree | Le | R | W |
Acacia nilotica (L.) Willd. (MAS 718) | 3 | * | Per | – | Tree | Le | D | W | |
Leg-Mimosoideae | Acacia sieberiana DC. (MAS 259) | 13 | ** | Per | 1.54 | Tree | Le, Fr | DR | W |
Albizia adianthifolia (Schumach.) W.F. Wright (MAS 84) | 3 | * | Per | – | Tree | Le | D | W | |
Albizia lebbeck (Schumach.) W.F. Wright (MAS 433) | 6 | * | Per | 0.64 | Tree | Le | D | W | |
Albizia zygia (De.) J.F.Macbr. (MAS 1243) | 3 | * | Per | – | Tree | Le | D | W | |
Dichrostachys cinerea (L.) Wight & Arn. (MAS 1319) | 0 | – | Per | 0.39 | Shrub | Le, Fr | DR | W | |
Entada africana GuilI. & Perr. (MAS 226) | 3 | * | Per | 0.39 | Tree | Le | D | W | |
Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) De Wit (MAS 429) | 22 | *** | Per | 1.41 | Tree | Le | D | WC | |
Mimosa pigra L. (MAS 267) | 6 | ** | Per | – | Shrub | Le | D | W | |
Parkia biglobosa (Jacq.) R.Br. ex Benth. (MAS 752) | 0 | – | Per | 0.90 | Tree | Le | D | W | |
Pithecellobium dulce (Roxb.) Benth. (MAS 1007) | 3 | * | Per | – | Tree | LS | D | W | |
Prosopis africana (GuilI. & Perr.) Taub. (MAS 953) | 31 | *** | Per | 2.52 | Tree | Le, Fl | R | W | |
Leg-Papilionoideae | Aeschynomene americana L. (MAS 141) | 9 | *** | Per | – | Shrub | Le | R | W |
Alysicarpus ovalifolius (Schumach.) J.Léonard (MAS 711) | 0 | – | Per | 1.16 | Herb | LS | D | W | |
Alysicarpus rugosus (Willd.) DC. (MAS 166) | 6 | ** | Per | – | Herb | Le, Fl | DR | W | |
Arachis hypogea L. (MAS 94) | 0 | – | Per | 0.51 | Herb | Le | DR | C | |
Calopogonium mucunoides Desv. (MAS 112) | 9 | ** | Per | – | Liana | LS | R | W | |
Centrosema pubescens Benth. (MAS 295) | 28 | ** | Per | 0.64 | Liana | LS | D | W | |
Crotalaria comosa Baker (MAS 328) | 3 | * | Ann | – | Herb | LS | D | W | |
Crotalaria macrocalyx Benth. (MAS 393) | 0 | – | Ann | 0.77 | Herb | LS, Fl | D | W | |
Crotalaria microcarpa Hochst. ex Benth. (MAS 673) | 0 | – | Ann | 0.90 | Herb | LS | D | W | |
Crotalaria ononoides Benth. (MAS 636) | 3 | * | Ann | – | Herb | LS | D | W | |
Crotalaria pallida Aiton (MAS 109) | 3 | * | Ann | – | Herb | LS | D | W | |
Desmodium adscendens (Sw.) DC. (MAS 617) | 6 | * | Per | – | Herb | LS | DR | W | |
Desmodium gangeticum (L.) DC. (MAS 615) | 6 | * | Per | – | Shrub | Le | DR | W | |
Desmodium hirtum Guin. & Perr. (MAS 326) | 0 | – | Ann | 0.67 | Herb | LS | D | W | |
Desmodium ramossissimum D.Don (MAS 524) | 3 | * | Ann | – | Herb | Le | DR | W | |
Desmodium salicifolium (Poir.) DC. (MAS 571) | 0 | – | Ann | 0.80 | Herb | LS | D | W | |
Desmodium velutinum (Willd.) DC. (MAS 303) | 25 | ** | Ann | 0.77 | Herb | LS | R | W | |
Eriosema griseum Baker (MAS 631) | 6 | ** | Per | – | Shrub | Le | R | W | |
Glycine max (L.) Merr. (MAS 247) | 0 | – | Ann | 0.41 | Herb | Le | D | C | |
Leg-Papilionoideae | Indigofera conjugata Baker (MAS 921) | 3 | ** | Per | – | Liana | LS | D | W |
Indigofera dendroides Jacq. (MAS 304) | 6 | ** | Ann | 0.77 | Herb | LS | R | W | |
Indigofera hirsuta L. (MAS 159) | 6 | * | Ann | – | Herb | Le, Fr | DR | W | |
Indigofera paniculata Vahl ex Pers. (MAS 118) | 0 | – | Ann | 0.39 | Herb | LS, Fr | DR | W | |
Indigofera stenophylla Guill. & Perr. var. stenophylla (MAS 573) | 0 | – | Ann | 0.39 | Herb | Le | D | W | |
Indigofera tinctoria L. (MAS 806) | 6 | * | Per | – | Herb | LS | DR | W | |
Lonchocarpus sericeus (Poir.) (MAS 363) | 25 | *** | Per | 0.90 | Tree | Le | R | W | |
Millettia thonningii (Schumach. & Thonn.) Baker (MAS 276) | 3 | * | Ann | – | Shrub | Le | DR | W | |
Pericopsis laxiflora (Benth. ex Baker) Meeuwen (MAS 821) | 6 | * | Ann | – | Tree | Le | R | W | |
Philenoptera cyanescens (Sehumacb. & Thonn.) Roberty (MAS 762) | 0 | – | Per | 1.34 | Shrub | Le | R | W | |
Philenoptera laxiflora (Guill. & Perr.) Roberty (MAS 582) | 0 | – | Per | 1.08 | Tree | LS | D | W | |
Pseudarthria hookeri Wight & Am. var. hookeri (MAS 21) | 19 | * | Per | – | Herb | LS | D | W | |
Pseudovigna argentea (Willd.) Verdc. (MAS 541) | 25 | ** | Per | – | Herb | LS | R | W | |
Pterocarpus erinaceus Poir. (MAS 1012) | 50 | *** | Per | 5.35 | Tree | Le | DR | W | |
Rhynchosia sublobata (Sehumaeh. & Thonn.) Meikle (MAS 322) | 6 | ** | Per | – | Herb | LS | DR | W | |
Sesbania grandiflora (L.) Poir. (MAS 396) | 25 | * | Per | – | Shrub | Le | D | W | |
Sesbania pachycarpa DC. ssp. pachycarpa (MAS 903) | 9 | ** | Per | – | Herb | Le | DR | W | |
Stylosanthes fruticosa (Retz.) Alston (MAS 669) | 13 | ** | Per | – | Herb | LS | D | W | |
Stylosanthes hamata (L.) Taub. (MAS 709) | 3 | * | Per | – | Herb | Le | DR | W | |
Swartzia madagascariensis Desv. (MAS 1061) | 3 | ** | Per | – | Tree | Le | D | W | |
Tephrosia bracteolata Guilt. & Perr. (MAS 914) | 16 | * | Per | – | Herb | LS | DR | W | |
Tephrosia elegans Schumach. (MAS 149) | 3 | ** | Ann | – | Herb | LS | D | W | |
Tephrosia purpurea (L.) (MAS 173) | 13 | ** | Ann | 1.54 | Herb | LS | D | W | |
Tephrosia villosa (L.) Pers. (MAS 1033) | 13 | ** | Per | – | Herb | LS | D | W | |
Teramnus labialis (L.f.) Spreng. (MAS 571) | 3 | * | Ann | – | Herb | Le | D | W | |
Vigna racemosa (G.Don) Hutch. & Dalziel (MAS 249) | 3 | * | Per | – | Herb | Le | D | W | |
Vigna reticulata Hook.f. (MAS 332) | 3 | * | Per | – | Herb | LS | DR | W | |
Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. (MAS 989) | 0 | – | Ann | 0.64 | Herb | Le | DR | C | |
Zornia glochidiata Rchb. ex DC. (MAS 963) | 3 | * | Ann | – | Herb | LS | DR | W | |
Loganiaceae | Strychnos innocua Delile (MAS 1053) | 0 | – | Ann | 0.26 | Shrub | Le | DR | W |
Malvaceae | Gossypium sp. (MAS 753) | 0 | – | Ann | 0.26 | Herb | Le | R | C |
Hibiscus asper Hook.f. (MAS 1162) | 13 | * | Ann | 0.57 | Herb | Le, Fl | D | W | |
Sida acuta Burm.f. (MAS 92) | 25 | ** | Ann | 0.64 | Herb | LS | D | W | |
Sida garckeana Pol. (MAS 173) | 0 | * | viv | 0.57 | Herb | LS | D | W | |
Sida linifolia Juss. ex Cav. (MAS 33) | 13 | * | viv | – | Herb | Le | DR | W | |
Meliaceae | Azadirachta indica A.Juss. (MAS 1018) | 19 | ** | Per | – | Tree | Le | D | W |
Khaya senegalensis (Desr.) A.Juss. (MAS 436) | 0 | – | Per | 1.39 | Tree | Le | R | W | |
Pseudocedrela kotschyii (Schweinf.) Harms. (MAS 633) | 31 | ** | Per | 2.57 | Tree | Le | D | W | |
Menispermaceae | Cissampelos mucronata A. Rich. (MAS 916) | 9 | ** | Per | – | Liana | LS | D | W |
Moraceae | Antiaris toxicaria Lesch. (MAS 402) | 3 | * | Per | – | Tree | Le | D | W |
Ficus ingens (Miq.) Miq. (MAS 113) | 0 | – | Per | 0.26 | Tree | Le | D | W | |
Ficus sur Forssk. (MAS 77) | 16 | ** | Per | – | Tree | LS | DR | W | |
Ficus sycomorus L. (MAS 169) | 0 | – | Per | 0.36 | Tree | Le | D | W | |
Ficus variifolia Warb. (MAS 412) | 0 | – | Per | 0.31 | Tree | Le | DR | W | |
Moringaceae | Moringa oleifera Lam. (MAS 761) | 3 | * | Per | – | Shrub | Le | DR | WC |
Musaceae | Musa sp. L. | 6 | * | Per | – | Herb | Le | D | C |
Myrtaceae | Syzygium guineense (WiIld.) DC. var. guineense (MAS 319) | 3 | * | Per | – | Tree | Le | D | W |
Nyctaginaceae | Boerhavia diffusa L. (MAS 611) | 6 | ** | Ann | – | Herb | WP | D | W |
Boerhavia erecta L. (MAS 96) | 6 | * | Ann | 0.31 | Herb | WP | D | W | |
Ochnaceae | Lophira lanceolata Tiegh. ex Keay (MAS 188) | 9 | ** | Per | – | Tree | Le | D | W |
Olacaceae | Olax subscorpioidea Oliv. (MAS 256) | 6 | * | Per | – | Shrub | Le, Fr | D | W |
Opiliaceae | Opilia amentacea Roxb. (MAS 202) | 6 | * | Per | – | Liana | LS | D | W |
Passifloraceae | Passiflora foetida L. (MAS 436) | 13 | ** | Per | 0.57 | Herb | WP | D | W |
Poaceae | Acroceras amplectens Stapf (MAS 22) | 6 | * | Ann | – | Herb | Le | DR | W |
Anadelphia afzeliana (Rendle) Stapf (MAS 306) | 3 | * | Per | – | Herb | Le | R | W | |
Andropogon chinensis (Nees) Merr. (MAS 921) | 3 | * | Per | – | Herb | Le | DR | W | |
Andropogon fastigiatus Sw. (MAS 88) | 3 | * | Ann | – | Herb | Le | D | W | |
Andropogon gayanus Kunth (MAS 109) | 47 | ** | Ann | 5.81 | Herb | Le | DR | WC | |
Andropogon schirensis Rochst. ex A.Rich. (MAS 534) | 13 | ** | Per | – | Herb | Le | DR | W | |
Andropogon tectorum Schumach. & Thonn. (MAS 508) | 31 | ** | Per | 4.24 | Herb | Le | R | W | |
Poaceae | Aristida hordeaca Kunth (MAS 1033) | 9 | ** | Ann | – | Herb | Le | DR | W |
Aristida kerstingii Pilger (MAS 339) | 3 | ** | Ann | – | Herb | Le | D | W | |
Bambusa vulgaris Schrad. ex Wendel (MAS 1020) | 0 | – | Per | 0.13 | Tree | Le | R | W | |
Beckeropsis uniseta (Nees) K.Schum. (MAS 1078) | 0 | – | Ann | 0.33 | Herb | Le | D | W | |
Brachiaria deflexa (Schumach.) Robyns (MAS 1001) | 6 | * | Per | – | Herb | Le | D | W | |
Brachiaria mutica (Forssk.) Stapf (MAS 444) | 19 | ** | Per | – | Herb | WP | D | W | |
Brachiaria ruziziensis Germain & Evrard (MAS 757) | 13 | * | Per | – | Herb | Le | D | W | |
Ctenium elegans Kunth (MAS 43) | 3 | * | Ann | – | Herb | Le | D | W | |
Dactyloctenium aegyptium (L.) Wild. (755) | 9 | ** | Ann | – | Herb | Le | D | W | |
Digitaria horizontalis Wild. (MAS 453) | 13 | ** | Ann | 2.29 | Herb | Le | D | WC | |
Eleusine indica Gaertn. (MAS 1073) | 0 | – | Ann | 0.39 | Herb | Le | D | W | |
Elionurus elegans Kunth (MAS 523) | 3 | * | Ann | – | Herb | Le | D | W | |
Elymandra androphila (Stapf) Stapf (MAS 771) | 3 | * | Per | – | Herb | Le | D | W | |
Eragrostis aspera (Jacq.) Nees (MAS 343) | 0 | – | Ann | 0.57 | Herb | Le | D | W | |
Euclasta condylotricha (Steud.) Stapf (MAS 1065) | 0 | – | Ann | 0.26 | Herb | Le | D | W | |
Heteropogon contortus (L.) P.Beauv. (MAS 817) | 0 | – | Per | 0.15 | Herb | WP | D | W | |
Hypparhenia barteri (Rack.) Stapf (MAS 117) | 19 | ** | Ann | – | Herb | Le | R | W | |
Hypparhenia cyanescens (Stapf) Stapf (MAS 943) | 3 | * | Per | – | Herb | Le | D | W | |
Hypparhenia involucrata Stapf (MAS 418) | 0 | – | Ann | 0.57 | Herb | Le | DR | W | |
Hypparhenia mutica Clayton (MAS 1017) | 6 | * | Per | – | Herb | Le | D | W | |
Hypparhenia rufa (Nees) Stapf (MAS 713) | 0 | – | Per | 0.64 | Herb | Le | R | W | |
Hypparhenia subplumosa Stapf (MAS 602) | 3 | * | Per | – | Herb | Le | D | W | |
Imperata cylindrica (L.) P.Beauv. (MAS 337) | 13 | *** | Per | 1.16 | Herb | WP | DR | W | |
Loudetia togoensis (Pilg.) C.E.Hubbard (MAS 114) | 3 | * | Ann | – | Herb | Le | DR | W | |
Microchloa indica (L.) P.Beauv. (MAS 504) | 0 | – | Ann | 0.57 | Herb | Le | D | W | |
Monocymbium ceresiiforme (Nees) Stapf (MAS 1013) | 8 | *** | Ann | – | Herb | Le | R | W | |
Oryza sativa L. (MAS 203) | 0 | – | Ann | 0.90 | Herb | Le | R | C | |
Panicum maximum Jacq. (MAS 93 | 50 | *** | Ann | 5.45 | Herb | Le | D | WC | |
Panicum repens L. (MAS) | 6 | ** | Per | – | Herb | Le | R | WC | |
Paspalum scrobiculatum L. (MAS 104) | 3 | * | Per | – | Herb | Le | D | W | |
Poaceae | Paspalum vaginatum Sw. (MAS 26) | 19 | * | Per | 0.31 | Herb | Le | R | W |
Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R.Br. (MAS 710) | 13 | * | Ann | – | Herb | Le | R | W | |
Pennisetum pedicellatum Trin. (MAS 309) | 19 | * | Ann | 0.26 | Herb | Le | D | W | |
Pennisetum polystachion (L.) Schult. (MAS 421) | 13 | * | Ann | – | Herb | Le | D | W | |
Rottboellia cochinchinensis (Lour.) (MAS 205) | 13 | * | Per | – | Herb | Le | R | W | |
Saccharum officinarum L. (MAS 630) | 0 | – | Per | 0.39 | Herb | Le | R | WC | |
Schizachyrium brevifolium (Sw.) Nees (MAS 208) | 9 | * | Per | – | Herb | Le | R | W | |
Schizachyrium platyphyllum (Franch.) Stapf (MAS) | 9 | * | Ann | – | Herb | Le | DR | W | |
Schizachyrium ruderale Clayton (MAS 501) | 9 | * | Per | – | Herb | Le | D | W | |
Schizachyrium sanguineum (Retz.) Alston (MAS 1054) | 9 | * | Ann | – | Herb | Le | DR | W | |
Setaria gracilipes C.E.Hubb. (MAS 129) | 6 | * | Ann | – | Herb | Le | D | W | |
Setaria megaphylla (Steud.) T.Durand & Sehinz (MAS 401) | 0 | – | Ann | 0.31 | Herb | Le | R | W | |
Setaria pumila (Poir.) Roem. & Schult. (MAS 308) | 3 | * | Per | – | Herb | Le | R | W | |
Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench (MAS 152) | 0 | – | Ann | 0.39 | Herb | Le | D | C | |
Sporobolus pyramidalis P.Beauv. (MAS 1044) | 3 | * | Ann | 0.67 | Herb | Le | D | W | |
Stenotaphrum dimidiatum (L.) Brongn. (MAS 142) | 3 | * | Per | – | Herb | Le | DR | W | |
Thelepogon elegans Roth ex Roem. & Sehult. (MAS 744) | 0 | – | Per | 0.41 | Herb | Le | R | W | |
Tristachya superba (De Not.) Schweinf. & Aschers. (MAS 519) | 6 | * | Ann | – | Herb | Le | R | W | |
Vetiveria nigritana (Benth.) Stapf (MAS 1071) | 0 | – | Per | 0.13 | Herb | Le | D | W | |
Zea mays L. | 0 | – | Ann | 0.51 | Herb | Le | D | C | |
Polygalaceae | Securidaca longepedunculata Fresen. (MAS 74) | 9 | * | Per | 0.26 | Herb | LS | DR | W |
Pontederiaceae | Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) SolmsLaub. (MAS 531) | 3 | ** | Per | – | Herb | Le, Fl | D | W |
Rubiaceae | Gardenia ternifolia Sehumaeh. & Thonn. (MAS 59) | 16 | ** | Per | 0.39 | Tree | Le, Fr | DR | W |
Mitracarpus hirtus (L.) DC. (MAS 346) | 13 | * | Per | – | Herb | LS, Fl | D | W | |
Mitragyna inermis (Willd.) Kuntze (MAS 153) | 3 | * | Ann | 1.03 | Tree | Le | R | W | |
Rubiaceae | Morinda lucida Benth. (MAS 75) | 13 | * | Per | – | Tree | Le | D | W |
Sarcocephalus latifolius (Sm.) E.A.Bruce (MAS 154) | 25 | ** | Per | 0.67 | Shrub | Le | R | W | |
Spermacoce hepperrana Verdc. (MAS 243) | 9 | * | Ann | – | Herb | Le | R | W | |
Spermacoce stachydea DC. (MAS 617) | 6 | * | Ann | 1.03 | Herb | Le | R | W | |
Sapindaceae | Blighia sapida Konig (MAS 139) | 6 | ** | Per | – | Tree | Le | DR | W |
Sapindaceae | Deinbollia pinnata (Poir.) Schumach. & Thonn. (MAS 44) | 13 | * | Per | – | Shrub | LS | R | W |
Paullinia pinnata L. (MAS102) | 25 | ** | Ann | – | Liana | LS | D | W | |
Sapotaceae | Mimusops kummel Bruce ex A.DC. (MAS 409) | 19 | ** | Per | – | Shrub | Le | D | W |
Pouteria alnifolia (Baker) Roberty var. alnifolia (MAS 211) | 6 | * | Per | – | Shrub | Le | D | W | |
Vitellaria paradoxa C.F.Gaertn. (MAS 312) | 19 | *** | Per | 1.03 | Tree | Le | D | W | |
Scrophulariaceae | Striga hermonthica (DeliIe) Benth. (MAS 66) | 0 | – | Per | 0.93 | Herb | Le | DR | W |
Solanaceae | Harrisonia abyssinica R.Br. ex A.Juss. (MAS 231) | 6 | * | Per | – | Shrub | Le | D | W |
Sterculiaceae | Sterculia setigera Delile (MAS 321) | 0 | – | Per | 0.64 | Tree | Le | DR | W |
Waltheria indica L. (MAS 87) | 0 | – | Per | 0.82 | Herb | LS | R | W | |
Taccaceae | Tacca leontopetaloides (L.) Kuntze (MAS 545) | 13 | ** | Per | – | Herb | LS | DR | W |
Tiliaceae | Grewia cissoides Hutch. & DalzieI (MAS 273) | 0 | – | Per | 0.46 | Shrub | LS | D | W |
Grewia villosa Willd. (MAS 718) | 6 | * | Per | 0.90 | Shrub | Le | D | W | |
Triumfetta pentandra A.Rich. (MAS 313) | 0 | – | Per | 0,31 | Herb | LS | R | W | |
Verbenaceae | Clerodendrum capitatum (WilId.) Schumach. & Thonn. (MAS 362) | 19 | * | Per | – | Liana | LS | D | W |
Gmelina arborea Roxb. (MAS 411) | 19 | *** | Per | – | Tree | LS | D | W | |
Vitex doniana Sweet (MAS 143) | 0 | – | Per | 0.98 | Tree | Le | D | W | |
Zingiberaceae | Costus spectabilis (Fenzl) K.Schum. (MAS 609) | 6 | ** | Per | – | Herb | Le, Fl | D | W |
Siphonochilus aethiopicus (Schweinf.) B.L.Burtt (MAS 164) | 19 | * | Per | – | Herb | Le | D | W | |
Zygophyllaceae | Balanites aegyptiaca (L.) Delile (MAS 180) | 0 | – | Per | 0.31 | Shrub | Le | D | W |
Tribulus terrestris L. (MAS 201) | 3 | * | Ann | – | Herb | LS | DR | W |