Table 1 Indicator variables of cultural, economic, ecological, and management variables used to estimate multivariate analyses
Matrix | Variables | Description | Criterion | Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Cultural and economic variables | Recognition of species | Recognized (by 80 to 100% of interviewed persons), regularly recognized (by 40 to 79% of persons), and little recognized (by less than 40% of persons) | Recognized | 3 |
Regular recognized | 2 | |||
Little recognized | 1 | |||
Use form | Diversity of use forms, food is the highest value since it is the priority of people arriving to markets | Edible | 2 | |
Medicinal | 1 | |||
Ceremonial and ornamental | 1 | |||
Use preference | Preference, according to flavor, usefulness, and its substitutability | Preferred | 2 | |
Optional | 1 | |||
Degree of need referred to by people | According to a gradient of presence in food, traditional medicine, and the daily life of persons | Basic | 4 | |
Complementary | 3 | |||
Sumptuous | 2 | |||
Optional-substitutable | 2 | |||
Opportunity | 1 | |||
Harvest effort invested | Effort invested in harvesting, high values are considered when gathering involves field trips exclusively planned to collect a resource | Journey dedicated to harvest the species | 2 | |
Opportunist | 1 | |||
Variety of products | Processing at home considering a gradient of effort, time, and inputs invested | Propagated plant in pot | 6 | |
Jam | 5 | |||
Tamales | 4 | |||
Cooked product | 4 | |||
Dehydrated product | 3 | |||
Peeled product, raw match and/or wash | 2 | |||
Bunches, bouquets, and sachets | 1 | |||
Interchange form | Diversity of interchange forms in the different contexts of the markets | Wholesale | 4 | |
Retail sale | 3 | |||
Sale and barter | 2 | |||
Barter | 1 | |||
Interchange value | Price or monetary equivalence per selling unit. Categories of economic value are high when price is higher than $50.00 pesos, intermediate when price is from $20.00 to less than $50.00, and low when it is lower than $20.00 | High | 3 | |
Intermediate | 2 | |||
Low | 1 | |||
Period offered in markets | Period of a resource is offered, which depends on the seasonal availability but may influence the desire, need, demand, and requirement of the resources | 1 to 4 months | 3 | |
5 to 8 months | 2 | |||
9 to 12 months | 1 | |||
Number of communities offering products | Number of communities offering a product, an indicator reflecting the importance of a resource and its regional demand | 9 to 15 communities | 3 | |
5 to 8 communities | 2 | |||
1 to 4 communities | 1 | |||
Number of markets where products were recorded | Number of markets where a product is interchanged, which reflects its importance value for people’s life | Three markets | 3 | |
Two markets | 2 | |||
One market | 1 | |||
Number of sellers | Average number of persons offering wild and weedy plants and mushrooms in the three markets | From 13 to 19 | 3 | |
From 6 to 12 | 2 | |||
Less than 6 | 1 | |||
Ecological variables | Useful parts | According to the impact of gathering on survival, re-sprouting, and reproduction of managed populations. It was considered higher the ecological risk of gathering parts of long-life cycle individuals and mushrooms, lower risk the gathering of complete individuals of herbs, and the lowest risk the gathering of parts of herbaceous or shrubby plants | Reproductive parts | 3 |
Complete individual | 2 | |||
Vegetative and reproductive parts | 1 | |||
Perception of abundance | Abundance of plants and mushroom species perceived by persons interviewed | Scarce | 3 | |
Regular abundance | 2 | |||
Abundant | 1 | |||
Management variables | Management practices | Type of management practices used to increase the availability of plants and mushrooms | Propagation | 6 |
Transplanting of individuals | 5 | |||
Protection | 4 | |||
Enhancement | 3 | |||
Tolerance | 2 | |||
Simple gathering | 1 | |||
Management system | Type of systems where the species studied are managed, from higher to lower management intensity | Homegarden | 3 | |
Agricultural of milpa, vegetables, and fruits | 2 | |||
Forest management | 1 | |||
Artificial selection | Presence of human selection on individual plants (not recorded any selection in mushrooms) | Selective propagation | 3 | |
Selective tolerance | 2 | |||
Selective gathering | 1 | |||
Without selection | 0 |